高中二年级英语课件.ppt

非谓语动词,1性质：它具有动词的特点，但在句子中起着名词、形容词、副词的作用，充当主语、表语、定语、宾语、宾语补足语、状语的作用，即：除谓语以外一切成分。,2形式,不定式相当于名词、形容词、副词。充当主语、宾语、定语、表语、宾语补足语、状语。 动名词相当于名词充当主语、表语、定语、宾语。 分词相当于形容词、副词。作表语、定语、宾语补足语、状语形成分,3语态：必须搞清逻辑主语与非谓语动词的关系，从而来确定非谓语动词态的语态。 逻辑主语能发出该动作 （发） 逻辑主语不能发出该动作 （收） 不发不收用结构： 动词不定式：用结构。 动名词：用结构。 分词：用独立主格结构,1不定式作主语： Warm up exercises: 1) change the following into the infinitive 1. _( die ) for people is a glorious thing. 2. _( talk ) with him is a great pleasure. 3. _( help ) others is our duty. 4. _( see ) is to believe. 5. _( seat ) at the back of the classroom made the students surprised. 2) change the sentences above into the ones using “it” as informal.,3)A: 如果要说明不定式表示的动作是谁做的，可以在不定式前加一个由for 引起的短语。 It is easy for the students to read. It will be a mistake for us to help you.,B: 下列形容词作表语时，不定式前常加一个of 引起的短语，来说明不定式指 的是谁的情况，这些形容词是： kind, good, nice, wise, unwise, clever, silly, wrong, right, foolish, stupid, careless, rude, polite, naughty etc. Its kind of you to think so much of us. Its unwise of him to leave home at once. It s wrong of him to speak bad behind others. Its wrong for the south to break away from the Union.,2不定式作表语 1. Her work is _( look )after the children. 2. My aim is _( go ) to Tsinghua University. 3. She seemed _( think ) about the problem. 4. They appeared _( agree ) with what we said. 不定式作表语时可以和主语部分调换。,3不定式作宾语： 有些及物动词常用不定式作宾语。常见的动词有： want, demand, like, hate, hope, begin, seem, fail, help, offer, manage, pretend, forget, remember, promise, prepare, learn, expect, agree, determine, prefer, intend, etc.,They wanted _( get ) on the bus, didnt they? He said he wished_(be )a professor. I agreed_ (go ) there with the doctor. My daughter preferred _( dance ) when she was in her twenties. He had promised _(give) me a hand.,4.不定式作宾语补足语 A)1. I didnt want my parents _(help ) me. 2. Wed prefer you _( take ) the job instead of Zhang. 3. The school ordered all the classroom _( clean ). 4. My parents expect me _( go )to a ideal university. 5. Joan promised the dinner _( cook ) before we returned. 6. The doctor advised the patient _( take ) two pills every four hours. 7. He determined me_( tell ) everything.,B) Whom flns sb do sth. (watch, have(使)hear, observe, make, feel, listen (to), let, notice, see etc. + sb +动词原形 + sth + done,We cant let this _(go) on. I will not let my children _(treat) in that way. John made him _( tell ) everything. The two boys were sorry indeed to see him _(go). We felt the house _( shake) in the earthquake. Do you like listening to other people _( talk )?Have you ever heard him _( tell ) a lie? Who would you like to have_( go ) ? Who would you like to have_(go) with? What song did you hear _( sing )? We saw the house _( burn ) to the ground when we reached there.,5.不定式作定语 Change the following into infinitives. He was the first person that came to the classroom this morning. The only thing that I want to get is the diamond necklace. Everything that is done needs praising. Do you have anything that you want to say? Here are some books that you can read.,6.不定式作状语。 状语的形式很多，有目的、结果、原因、条件、让步、比较、方式、伴随等，但目的、结果 要用不定式。,A)Substitution: He got up early so that he could catch the first bus to the town. He got up early_ _ _ catch the first bus. We must work hard at English in order that we can contact foreigners freely. We must work hard at English _ _ _ contact foreigners freely. He was so frightened that he could hardly say anything. He was_ frightened _say anything. He was _ brave _ _say anything. He was so young that he could go to school. He was _ late _ go to school. He was not _ _ _ go to school.,B) 1. _(save ) the badly sick lady, the doctor had an operation on her. 2. He hurried to the station only _ ( find ) the train left.,动名词 1动名词作主语 A) 1. _( die ) for people is a glorious thing. 2. _( talk ) with him is a great pleasure. 3. _( help ) others is our duty. 4. _( see ) is to believe. 5. _( seat ) at the back of the classroom made the students surprised.,it作形式主语时，可用动词不定式，但下列巨型常用动名词： It is+ no good (no use, fun, a pleasure, a waste of time)+doing There is no + doing. 如： Its no use _( sit ) here waiting. There is no _( say )what will happen next. Is it any good _( tell ) him the truth right now.,不定式与动名词的区别： 不定式作主语时经常表示具体动作，而动名词作主语时经常表示抽象动作： Its no good eating too much fat. Its not good for you to eat so much fat.,B) 关于逻辑主语的问题 1. _to the meeting surprised all of the boards. A. Mike coming B. Mike came C. Mike coming D. Mikes coming 2. Its no use _ that you didnt know the rules. A. you pretend B. you pretending C. your pretending D. your pretend Change the following into the simple sentences. That Peter didnt attend the meeting made it put off.,2动名词作表语 1. Her work is _( look )after the children. 2. My aim is _( go ) to Tsinghua University. 3. One of my bad habit is _(bite ) nails（指甲）.,3动名词作宾语 mecafps+doing (mind, miss, excuse, enjoy, escape consider, admit(承认)advise, appreciate=enjoy, avoid, finish, practise, suggest, stop)delay, imagine, include, keep, quit, resist, risk, understand, be used to, look forward to, object to, pay attention to, etc. 以及介词后接动名词doing,He was in low spirits and even consider _(go ) away. Practise _( put ) your hand to the ground. I cant help _( have ) the trip to Britain. Dont tell me you always escape _( fine) because you have a fast sports car. Leave off _(bite) your nails! He didnt feel like _( work ), so he suggested _( spend ) the day in the garden. You certainly mustnt miss _( see ) the wonderful film.,The doctor advised _( stay ) longer in hospital. I couldnt imagine that _( be ) possible. We appreciate your _( want ) _( help ) us in our difficulties. We cant stand _( pooh-pooh) every new idea. Michael has delayed _( write ) to her till today.,The law forbids _( sell )liquor to children. They all suggested _( give ) more chances. Can you imagine _( leave ) standing outside for a whole night. They built the banks to prevent the area from _( flood). Women do mind _( smoke ) by men.,动名词与不定式的不同含义： be afraid to do 不敢、害怕、胆怯去 做某事 be afraid of doing 担心、恐怕出现 She was afraid _( wake ) her husband up, for he had bad temper. She was afraid _( of wake ) her husband, for he was ill.,2) forget to do sth.忘记去做某事（未 做） forget doing sth.忘记做过了某事（已 做） The light in the office is off. It was she who turned it off, but she herself forgot _( turn ) it off. The light in the office is still on. She forgot _(turn )it off.,3)remember to do sth.记着去做某事（未 做） remember doing sth.记着做了某事（已做） Do you remember _(meet) me at a party last year? You must remember _( leave) tomorrow.,4) stop to do sth. stop doing sth. 5) regret to do sth. regret doing sth. I regret _( go ) to his home town. I regret _( tell ) you the truth.,6)try to do sth. try doing sth. You must try _( do ) it again. Lets try _( do ) the work in some other way.,7) mean to do sth. mean doing sth. If it means _( delay ) more than a week,Ill not wait. I mean _( go ), and nothing can stop me. 8) go on to do sth. go on doing sth.,9) like/love/start/begin/hate/continue to do sth. doing sth. 10)Sth.wnat/require/need to be done doing. The temple needs_( rebuild). The children require_ (educate).,动名词复合结构的一般规则是： 1.逻辑主语是有生命的名词：作主语时，须用名词或代词所有格；作宾语时，也可用普通格或人称代词宾格。 Toms (His) coming is what we have expected. She didnt mind Jack/ Jacks (him/ his) coming here.,2.逻辑主语是无生命名词时，只用普通格。 Is there any hope of our winning the match? 3.逻辑主语是指示代词或不定代词this, that, somebody, someone, nobody, none, anybody, anyone时， 只用普通格。 She was disturbed by somebody shouting outside.,11)canit help doing sth. cant help do sth. cant help but do sth.不能不，忍不 住 1.I couldnt help_(think) of my childhood when I saw the picture. 2.Im sorry I cant help_(lend) you the money, for Im short of it nowadays. 3.I cant help but_(cry).,9) permit, allow, advise, consider, admit doing sth. sb./wh to do sth. 1.Do you consider _( buy ) this kind of book? 2.Is he considered _( take ) this position? 3.Is he considered _( send ) to work in Tibet?,分词 分词：分词相当于形容词、副词。作表语、定语、宾语补足语和状语。分词可分为现在分词、过去分词。 一般式 完成式 现在分词 doing having done having been done 过去分词 done,1）分词与动名词作表语时的区别： 1.Our plan is _( finish ) the task before May. 2. Toms job was _( guard ) the factory. 3. His lecture is _( interest ), which made us _( interest ). 4. The situation is _( encourage).,2)现在分词和过去分词作状语的区别： 分词与逻辑主语（即句子主语）关系来决定分词的语态，主语能发出分词的动作用主动doing/having done，不能发出分词的动作用被动done/having been dong。 分词的动作如发生在谓语动词之后doing(用一般式)，如发生在谓语动词之前，(用完成式)having done。,A) 1._(see ) those picture, he couldnt help thinking of those days in Yanan. 2._( turn ) round, Fanny found an ambulance driving up. 3_( water ) the vegetables, they began to pick up the apples. 4._( finish ) the work, he went back home on foot. 5._( inspire ) by Dr. Chens speech, they decided to study maths harder. 6._( persuade) by her mother, she gladly went there alone.,7.Warmly _( praise ) for his work, he was too excited to fall asleep. 8._( arrive ) at the station, we found the train gone. 9._( send ) the child to bed, she began to correct the pupils exercises. 10._( surround), the enemy found nowhere to hide and had to give up. 11.Once _( arm ), we are afraid of nothing. 12.While _( cross )the street, look out for cars.,13.When _( walk ) in the park, Mathilde met with her old friend. 14.While_( criticize ),she cried. 15.She came earlier than _( expect). 16.Everything goes well as _( plan ). 17.She still made the same mistakes though _( tell) several times. 18._( give ) more time, we are sure to do it better.,19.The doctor did everything he could _( save ) the patient. 20._(improve )his English, Wang Ling works much harder.,作目的、结果状语的区别： 21. Li Ming works hard _( pass ) the exams. 22. Li Ming works hard _( try ) to pass the exams. 23. He returned home _( find ) the house broken into. 24.His father died, _( leave ) him nothing but debts.,25. Football is played over a century, _( make ) it popular. 26. Bees suck honey into their stomachs, _( get ) thicker and thicker. 判断下列对或错： 1. Seeing from the hill, the city looks more beautiful. 2. Having had dinner, the dishes were washed. 3. Leaving at home, the little girl felt much afraid.,一些独立结构： 1. Generally _( speak ), we have learnt a lot in this school. 2. _(judge ) from his appearance, he is somebody. 3. _( tell ) you the truth, your work is terrible.,将上列1-18句分词部分改成从句： B)伴随状语 1. The boy lay in bed, _( listen ) to music. 2. Its a bad habit to talk to others, _( look ) aside. 3. The professor entered the room, _( follow ) by his assistants. 4. The visiting Minister expressed his satisfaction with the talk, _( add )that he had enjoyed his stay here. 5. The boy stood in front of the teacher, _( criticize).,独立主格结构 （ 所谓独立主格结构，分词的逻辑主语不是句子主语，而是有自己的逻辑主语时，叫独立主格结构。） A)1. Today _( be ) Sunday, the library doesnt open. 2. There _( be ) no buses, we had to walk home.,3. The signal _( give ), the bus started. 4. Weather _ ( permit ), well visit the Great Wall. 5. A teacher from England _( teach ) us English, were sure to learn it well. B) 6. With him _( give ) us a lead, our team is to win. 7. With the worker _( lead ), the Young Pioneers went through the forest and started towards the mountain village.,8. Many people spoke aloud in front of our classroom, with nobody _( stop ) them. 9. He was looking at the screen again, with the machine _( turn ) on. 10. The girl felt uneasy with the whole class _( stare ) at her. 11. Now the patient could walk with the nurse _( support ) him.,12. With the machinery _( do ) all the work, we finished the task last month. 13. She lay on the grass with her eyes _( close ). 14. You might catch a cold with your feet _( expose).,3）现在分词与过去分词作宾语补足语的区别： whom flns+sb do (经常性动作) +sb doing sth.（正在进行） +sth done（被动） 1.I used to see these boys _( play ) on the playground.,2.I saw them _( play ) the computer this afternoon. 3.Have you _( heard ) this song _( sing ) before? 4.She was surprised to find the house _