高考英语二轮模块专题复习课件阅读填空新课标湖南省.ppt

目 录,专题训练 阅读填空,模块 5 阅读填空,模块 5 阅读填空,模块 5 考纲解读,此题要求考生在读完一篇短文后，根据文中相关的内容，填写表格。要求考生归纳概括文中的要点，并根据一定的线索把相关的内容以表格的形式有序地表达出来。阅读填空属于综合能力考查题，强调主观表述，主要考查考生综合运用语言知识的能力。既考查考生快速获取信息的能力，也考查考生组织信息、表达信息的能力。具体地说，其能力测试要求为：,模块 5 考纲解读,1对所提供文章中关键信息的正确判断和采集。 2适当的句型转换。 3正确地使用英语解释英语。 4原文细节信息的正确理解。 5主旨大意的归纳。,模块 5 命题分析,通过对2006年、2007年、2008年、2009年和2010年湖南省的五篇阅读填空题的分析，从中可得到如下特点： 1.题型特点的变化,模块 5 命题分析,模块 5 命题分析,2.表格特征 (1)表格形式特点：试题通常根据文章单层面的特点或多层面的纵横信息比较设计表格。表格形式有两种，即：框架式表格和纵横式表格，还有一种情况就是不设表格，而采用摘录式。表格设计具有清晰明了和概括性强的特点，即从表格可预测文章内容和基本的写作框架。 (2)表中表达方式多样化：表中的语言表达简洁、清楚，其表达方式主要有单词和词组两种，单词以名词、动词、形容词、副词居多，词组以名词性词组、非谓语形式的动词词组居多，偶有句子出现。,模块 5 命题分析,3语篇特点 (1)体裁方面：以说明文为主，从2005年高考到2010年湖南高考阅读填空试题的阅读材料均为说明文。 (2)题材方面：题材多为中学生熟悉、感兴趣且符合中学生认知特征和评判取向的日常话题。常见的话题有：科普知识、时文报道、史地常识、说理议论、人物介绍、社会文化和环境保护等。例如，2006年的阅读填空材料介绍课后活动项目的设计，2007年介绍交换生家庭寄宿的作用，2008年介绍绿色屋顶的特点，2009年介绍生态时装的概念，2010年介绍学徒的定义、优点与不足。,模块 5 命题分析,(3)结构方面：文章结构清楚，脉络清晰，具有较明确的信息度，文章事实线条较明显，便于归纳总结，利于培养中学生的演绎和概括能力。,模块 5 应试点睛,一、阅读填空题的答题原则 在阅读填空题的答题过程中，需注意五个原则： 1简洁性原则：要压缩整合信息，尽量用最少的词来表达最重要的最关键的信息，保证每空不得超过3个单词。 2语法形式一致性原则：可以参照前后左右所给出的其他信息表达形式从而确定需要表达的形式。但要注意横纵栏目内的表达形式在语法上要一致，例如，要么都是形容词短语，要么都是名词短语，要么都是动词的ing形式等。,模块 5 应试点睛,3概括针对性原则：概括词在最大限度上覆盖行和列的信息。 4信息一致性原则：横纵栏目内的表达信息要一致。 5忠于原文原则：答案不唯一，但要忠于原文，即如果能够在原文中找到相关信息表达要点，那么就不宜采用其他同义或近义词来表达该信息词。,模块 5 应试点睛,二、阅读填空题解题步骤 1分析表格结构和内容，准确定位填空要求，预测文章的框架及大意。 考生首先可以通过分析表格或框架结构及其内容可以预测文章的布局谋篇及大意。根据以上分析，再读文章，可使阅读时有的放矢，提高阅读效率。 2快速浏览，抓住全文中心及每段大意，正确获取信息。 带着第一步的预测快速浏览全文，把握全文中心及每段大意，并注意从各段画出解题需要的有效信息，为下一步答题打下基础。,模块 5 应试点睛,快速寻找有效信息句的方法主要有：一是根据试题在表格中的顺序确定有效信息句在文章中的大致位置；二是善于抓住图表各栏目中所给出的关键词，有针对性地带着这些关键词的提示到文中相应段落寻找有效信息句。 3认真分析表格，借助已有信息，有的放矢答题。 该步骤是答好阅读填空题的关键。根据表格结构，借助第二步获得的有效信息，按照要求答题。,模块 5 应试点睛,4复查。 复查对提高答题准确率很重要，考生千万不要遗漏这一步。复查的主要依据是看所填答案是否符合答题的五个原则，其中重点要复查：是否超过3个单词？表达形式在语法上是否与同横纵栏目一致？横纵栏目内的表达信息是否一致？单词有无拼写错误？尤其名词单复数与动词形式错误。,模块 5 题型探究, 探究点一 直接信息题,一、了解直接信息题的特点是答题的需要。 所谓直接信息题，即能直接从文章中找到答题信息句，且能直接套用文中信息句中的某个原词或词组而不需改变其词性，甚至不需改变其词形。例如： 根据信息句“What comes first is to keep an open mind, because everyones ideas deserve consideration and each group member can make his or her own contribution.”判断填空：“Keep an open mind to _”,模块 5 题型探究,根据信息句中的“everyones ideas deserve consideration”可判断该空应填写“everyones ideas”，即为文中原词，既没有改变原词的词性，也没有改变原词的词形。但有些时候，为了满足同一单元格中表达形式一致的原则，而需改变原词的词形。例如： A format for exchanging information (e.g. photocopies of notes, oral discussion, etc.)is also important, for a wellchosen method not only strengthens what you present but also makes yourself easily understood.,模块 5 题型探究,根据信息句中的“exchanging information”再结合该单元格中所给出的表达形式可判断，该空应填“exchange your information”，即将原词的ing形式改为动词原形。,模块 5 题型探究,二、有效寻找答题信息句是答题的保证。 直接信息题主要考查检索信息的能力，因此有效快速定位信息句尤为重要。快速寻找有效信息句的方法主要有： 1在粗读的过程中留意重要细节和关键处。,模块 5 题型探究,前面我们介绍了阅读填空题的解题步骤。其中第二步是：快速浏览，抓住全文中心及段落大意，正确获取信息。在快速浏览的过程中，考生应学会带着问题有意识地在细节处和关键处做标记。例如，画线段落主题句，标记文中醒目词time, age, number, place, suggestions, tips, ways, benefits等， 注明信息词：who, what, when, where, why, how；first, then, after that, next, finally；because, thus, lead to, is caused by, as a result of；likeness, alike, just as, eitheror；but, while, instead, different from, on the contrary; in a word, in summary, etc.,模块 5 题型探究,2根据试题在表格中的顺序确定有效信息句在文章中的大致位置。 表格是文章框架的体现，其设题一般来说，是按照文章的段落顺序来排序的，例如，第1小题的答题信息句应在文首，而最后一小题的答题信息句中应在文尾，总之，阅读填空题的10个小题的答题信息句在文章中一般是依次出现的。 3根据试题关键词的提示寻读有效信息句。 表格中的表达通常以词组或句子出现，因此，考生应善于判断、识别该空所在的语句表达中的关键词，再有针对性地带着这些关键词的提示到文中相应段落寻找有效信息句。,模块 5 题型探究,三、准确理解表格中的语意表达是答题的关键。 表格中的语意表达一般不完全等同于文章中的原句表达，它显得更简洁、清楚，其表达方式多为词组，偶为句子。因此，找到答题信息句后，考生应注意分析、比较、推敲表格与原文在表达上的异同。此时，首先找到两者在表达上的共同之处，再推敲其不同的地方，而后分析文中原句的主干结构，比较实词的对应关系。经过这样一番思考，定能敲定正确答案。,模块 5 题型探究, 探究点二 归纳概括题,一、归纳概括题的种类 1标题归纳题：根据“文章主旨句大多出现在三个位置：文章首段，一段末二段首转折后信息，文章末段”的特点，可有意识地从上述三个位置找到文章主题句，再加以准确概括，确定语篇标题。此外，常用于概括文章标题的词有：development, history, introduction, study, research, experiment, information, future。需注意的是，阅读填空题的标题表达常以(动)名词词组形式为主。,模块 5 题型探究,2段落归纳题：段落归纳概括题常位于表格的左栏，能最大限度覆盖相应行、列或单元格的全部信息，常为名词、名词词组或动(名)词词组。例如下列短文设表格如下： Activities like investigations are most effective when done by small groups. Here are some more suggestions for effective team performance during these activities: Make sure each group member understands and agrees to the task given to him or her, and everyone knows exactly when, why and what to do; take turns,模块 5 题型探究,doing various tasks during similar and repeated activities; be aware of where other group members are and what they are doing so as to ensure safety; be responsible for your own learning, though it is by no means unwise to compare your observations with those of other group members.,模块 5 题型探究,第1题在表格的左栏，所填的词要求能概括右栏单元格的所有内容，而根据该段的主题句“Here are some more suggestions for effective team performance during these activities”可判断第1空应填写Suggestions。由此可知，概括词多为段落主题句中的关键词。,模块 5 题型探究,二、归纳概括词的判断与选用 1常见的归纳概括词： 表原因：reason (for), cause (of)；表目的：purpose, aim, goal；表种类：kind, type, category, style (风格)；表方式、方法：means, way, method，solution, approach；表方位：location, position；表建议：advice, suggestion, recommendation, tip；表态度、观点：attitude, idea, opinion；表用途、功能：use, usage, function；表变化，趋势：change, trend, development, rise, increase, decrease; 表描述：description, appearance, look, color, size, length, width, distance, height, shape；表来源，历史：,模块 5 题型探究,history, source, origin；表影响，结果：effect, influence, result, consequence；表措施，行动：measure, action, activity, behavior(举止行为)；表益处，不利：benefit, advantage, disadvantage, convenience；表概括，总结：summary, conclusion；表主题：topic, theme, subject；表特点：feature, characteristic, character(性格、特征)；表评论、评价：comment, remark, assessment；表问题：problem, question, issue；表要求、需求：demand, need, requirement, qualification；表内容、项目：,模块 5 题型探究,content, item；表信息：information；表情绪，感觉：feeling, emotion, motivation(动机)；表物质，材料：substance, material；表步骤：step, procedure, process；表比例：rate (比例，速度), percentage；表天气，气候：weather, climate；表灾难，事故：disaster, accident, threat；表关系：relation, relationship；表异、同：difference, similarity; 表交通、运输：traffic, transportation；表时间， 年代，年龄：date, time, age；表性别：sex；表质量，数量：quality, amount, quantity, number；表事件：incident, event；,模块 5 题型探究,表反应：response, reaction；表定义：definition；表预防：prevention, precaution；表治疗：treatment, cure；表程度：degree；表信仰：belief；表人口：population；表资源：resource；表职位：position；表职业：work, job, occupation, profession；表设备：equipment(不可数), facility(可数)；表迹象、征兆：sign, symptom。 需要注意的是：在实际做题时要根据表格的要求作出合适的改变，如名词的单复数，首字母的大小写等。,模块 5 题型探究,2判定归纳概括词的方法 (1)根据段落主题句的关键词判定概括词。 段落主题句多在段首，其次在段尾，偶在段中，因此在读文章时要尤其注意段首尾，宜及时标注主题句。找到主题句后，要善于根据上下文的逻辑关系确认关键词，例如上述例句中，找到主题句后，要能判断suggestions为主题句的关键词。值得注意的是，有时所填写的概括词不能照抄主题句中的关键词，而需根据表达的需要改变关键词的词形或词性，甚至是另换一词。例如：,模块 5 题型探究,Volunteering does much good to a volunteer. For example, volunteering offers you chance to develop ability, skill and personal strengths. As part of a volunteer group, you get firsthand exposure to use and learn communication and teamwork dynamics.,模块 5 题型探究,该段主题句“Volunteering does much good to a volunteer”的关键词为“much good”。但显然该空不宜填Good。事实上根据“does much good”可知此处是在介绍“Volunteering”的作用或好处，故应填：Benefits/Advantages/Uses。 再如，根据“Volunteering is required to promote human rights and equality, and respected the rights, dignity(尊严)and culture of others as well.”设表格如下：,模块 5 题型探究,根据句中的关键词“required”判断该空填Requirements，即将原来的动词过去分词形式改为了名词复数形式。,模块 5 题型探究,(2)根据文中信息词判定概括词。例如，根据how判断用ways, tips, methods，solutions, etc.；根据why, because, result in, lead to, be caused by等判断用reasons, causes；根据in short, all in all判断用summary；根据refer to, be, be called判断用definition；根据therefore, thus, so, as a result判断用result, conclusion；根据find, discover判断用findings。例如：,模块 5 题型探究,Then, how to solve the problem? To a large degree, it is the fashion producers that really have the power and the responsibility to shape our future. There are numerous ways in which these producers can reduce their ecological footprint, from switching to green energy and reducing energy use, through selecting sustainable(可持续使用的)materials and choosing local suppliers, to recycle and minimize waste. On the other hand, as consumers we can all make contributions by selecting environmentally friendly clothing and reducing clothing consumption.,模块 5 题型探究,1空可以根据“Then, how to solve the problem？”可知本处讲问题的解决方法，故可判断填Methods。,模块 5 题型探究, 探究点三 信息组织题,一、信息组织题的特点 所谓组织信息题，即能从文中找到信息句，但需转换原词的词性或另用新词填空。例如，根据信息句“be responsible for your own learning, though it is by no means unwise to compare your observations with those of other group members.”判断填写“Take _ for ones own learning.”，显然该空应填写“responsibility”，即为原句中形容词responsible的名词形式，转换了词性。,模块 5 题型探究,组织信息题的产生是因为表格中的表达形式不同于原文表达所致。因此，找到答题信息句后，考生应注意分析、比较、推敲表格与原文在表达上的异同，从而作出正确的推理判断。值得注意的是，所填入的词或词组不仅要求拼写正确，符合语法规则，还要确保上下、左右语义一致。,模块 5 题型探究,二、信息组织题的答题技巧 与另外两种设题相比，信息组织题的答题要求更高，难度更大，它要求考生不仅要有较强的阅读能力，还要有丰富扎实的英语语言知识。例如，要掌握常用同义词和近义词，必备的构词法知识和习惯搭配，丰富的语法知识等。其具体答题技巧有：,模块 5 题型探究,1转换词性：例如动词转换为名词，名词转换为动词或形容词，名词或形容词转换为动词等。例如2007年高考湖南卷82题，根据信息句“On the other hand, students expectations have risen.”将动词risen转换为名词，确定答案为：Rise in expectations。再如，2006年高考湖南卷80题，根据信息句“They also have fewer absences and are likely to blame.”将确定其答案为blame由动词转换成名词，确定答案为：less blame。,模块 5 题型探究,2用名词所有格 “s”代替 of所有格。例如2005年高考湖南卷79题“Baby boomers oldgrowing”就是将文中表达方式“the oldgrowing of the baby boomers” 用“s”所有格代替 of所有格转换而成。,模块 5 题型探究,3后置定语、补语等转化为前置定语：例如将定语从句转化为前置定语或改为非谓语动词形式作后置定语，名词、形容词、分词作前置定语等。例如2007年高考湖南卷84题，根据信息句“They are trying to make living conditions better”将宾补better转为前置定语确定答案为Bettering living conditions。再如2005年高考湖南卷81、82题，根据信息句“One likely development will be a gradual change in the family unit. The other likely development will be a change in the proportion of the nations workforce.”改用名词作前置定语，分别转换其表达方式为81.family unit change；82.workforce proportion change。,模块 5 题型探究,4省略次要信息，提炼关键信息。例如2007年高考湖南卷78、79题，根据信息句“Staying alongside host families enables students to get enough practice for the short time of their studying so that their language acquisition is likely to become faster.” 提炼关键信息，确定78题答案为Possibly becoming faster；根据信息句“Living in host families also has the advantage for students of being able to spend a lot of time communicating with their host parents” 提炼关键信息，确定79题答案为Communicating with hosts。,模块 5 题型探究,5意义理解转换。例如2007年高考湖南卷80题，理解信息句“It attracts students for it ensures them a family type of living at a low cost”，将living at a low cost转化为Cost of living。再如2008年高考湖南卷81题，理解信息句“The intensive type may be smaller”再结合该空下面的表达方式可将“may be”转换为“possibly”，即答案为possibly smaller。,专题训练 阅读填空,专题训练 阅读填空,专题训练 真题再现,2010湖南 An apprenticeship is a form of onthejob training that combines workplace experience and classroom learning. It can last anywhere from one to six years, but four years is typical for most. An apprentice spends the majority of the time in a workplace environment learning the practical skills of a career from a journeymansomeone who has done the job for many years.,专题训练 真题再现,The rest of the apprentices time is spent in a classroom environment learning the theoretical skills the career requires. Being an apprentice is a fulltime undertaking.,专题训练 真题再现,One of the advantages of apprenticeship is that it does not cost apprentices anything. The companies that hire them pay for school. Whats more, it offers apprentices an “earn while you learn” opportunity. They usually start out at half the pay of a journeyman, and the pay increases gradually as they move further along in the job and studies. Near the end of the apprenticeship, their wages are usually 90 percent of what a journeyman would receive. Apprenticeship also pays off for employers. It can offer employers a pool of welltrained workers to draw from.,专题训练 真题再现,Despite the advantages, apprentices are usually required to work during the day and attend classes at night, which leaves little time for anything else. Sometimes, they might be laid off(下岗)if business for the employers is slow.,专题训练 真题再现,Once they have completed the apprenticeship and become journeymen, they receive a nationally recognized and portable certification and their pay also increases again. Some journeymen continue employment with the companies they apprenticed with; others go onto different companies or become selfemployed contractors.,专题训练 真题再现,专题训练 真题再现,【文章大意】 本文主要介绍学徒的定义、优点与不足。 1Apprenticeship 归纳概括题。全文是围绕“Apprenticeship”而展开描写的，故填Apprenticeship。 2classroom learning 直接信息题。根据第一段第一句“An apprenticeship is a form of onthejob training that combines workplace experience and classroom learning.”可判断。 3The majority 直接信息题。根据第一段“An apprentice spends the majority of the time in a workplace environment learning the practical skills of a career from a journeyman”可判断。,专题训练 真题再现,4theoretical 直接信息题。根据第一段“The rest of the apprentices time is spent in a classroom environment learning the theoretical skills the career requires.”可判断。 5at the beginning 组织信息题。根据第二段“They usually start out at half the pay of a journeyman, and the pay increases gradually as they move further along in the job and studies.”可判断。 6a journeymans wages 组织信息题。根据第二段“Near the end of the apprenticeship, their wages are usually 90 percent of what a journeyman would receive.”可判断作答。,专题训练 真题再现,7many welltrained workers 直接信息题。根据第二段“It can offer employers a pool of welltrained workers to draw from.”可判断。 8being laid off 组织信息题。根据第三段“Sometimes, they might be laid off(下岗)if business for the employers is slow.”可判断。,专题训练 真题再现,9Results 归纳概括题。综合右栏内容可判断。 10another pay increase 组织信息题。根据最后一段“Once they have completed the apprenticeship and become journeymen, they receive a nationally recognized and portable certification and their pay also increases again.”可判断。,专题训练 专题预测,(一) The key to learning is motivation. Thats why kids learn much better when theyre engaged in fun activities. Apart from outings and group activities that kids naturally love, the computer can be a very effective tool in motivating and helping kids learn.,专题训练 专题预测,On the Internet, parents can find online content in form of interactive educational games, lively lessons and videos that naturally attract and engage kids. Its proven that analytical games can sharpen mental skills and encourage logical thinking in children. Language lessons can be quite boring, but they can come alive in the form of games that teach phonics, reading, writing and even English grammar. Skills like counting, arithmetic, fractions(分数)can be taught quite effectively using games and puzzles. With few repetitions, kids can easily grasp these concepts and progressively move to higher numbers.,专题训练 专题预测,When it comes to science and learning about natural world, theres nothing better than animated(动画的)presentations and videos. Take plant life cycle for example. Think about watching a 5minutelong video of a seed growing into a plant. Its definitely a lot more interesting than learning from a book. This makes all the difference in the kids learning process.,专题训练 专题预测,We, as parents, have the responsibility to help our kids choose the right kind of online games and content. For early years, choose games that require using only the mouse and rely more on audio instructions. As kids grow, they will find other stuff on the Internet based on their likes and dislikes. Parents have to adopt an effective approach where they not only limit violent or mature content, but also offer alternatives in form of educational games that are really fun, engaging and challenging for the kids.,专题训练 专题预测,All in all, just like television, if you make a proper choice, online educational games and videos can be entertaining as well as quite educative and help kids learn. Title: Helping kids learn with 1._,专题训练 专题预测,专题训练 专题预测,1online educational games 综合全文可判断。 2motivate and help 根据第一段“Apart from outings and group activities that kids naturally love, the computer can be a very effective tool in motivating and helping kids learn.”可判断。 3Benefits 综合右栏内容可判断。 4Analytical games 根据第二段“Its proven that analytical games can sharpen mental skills and encourage logical thinking in children.”可判断。,专题训练 专题预测,5avoid boredom/avoid being boring 根据第二段“Language lessons can be quite boring, but they can come alive in the form of games that teach phonics, reading, writing and even English grammar.”可判断。 6natural world 根据第三段“When it comes to science and learning about natural world, theres nothing better than animated(动画的)presentations and videos.”可判断。,专题训练 专题预测,7Parents responsibilities 根据第四段“We, as parents, have the responsibility to help our kids choose the right kind of online games and content”可判断。 8using the mouse 根据第四段“For early years, choose games that require using only the mouse and rely more on audio instructions.”可判断。,专题训练 专题预测,9growing 根据第四段“As kids grow, they will find other stuff on the Internet based on their likes and dislikes.”可判断。 10entertaining and educative 根据最后一段可判断。,专题训练 专题预测,(二) 2010长沙月考 Computer crimes are criminal activities, which involve the use of information technology to gain an illegal or an unauthorized(未经认可的)access to a computer system with the intention of damaging, deleting or altering computer data. Here are some types of computer crimes.,专题训练 专题预测,The activity of breaking into a computer system to obtain an illegal access to the information stored on the computer system is known as hacking. The hackers can hack into several websites or personal accounts and threaten the security on the Internet. Phishing is the act of attempting to acquire important financial or personal details by pretending to be a trustworthy source. Phishing is carried out through emails or by attracting the users to enter personal information through fake websites.,专题训练 专题预测,Computer viruses are computer programs that can copy themselves and harm the computer systems on a network without the knowledge of the system users. Viruses spread to other computers through the network, Internet or by the means of removable devices like CDs. Virus infections can crash computer systems, therefore destroying important computer data.,专题训练 专题预测,The use of communication technology to bother other individuals is known as cyberstalking. Cyberstalkers often target the users by means of chat rooms, online forums and social n