2020版高考英语复习课时作业（六）（含解析）北师大版.docx

课时作业(六)课时练(一)阅读理解提速练练速度(限时：35分钟)阅读理解(共两节，满分40分)第一节(共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。A2019河南省高考适应性测试The Manitoba Museum Set sail on thrilling voyage of excitement and discovery at the Manitoba Museum. Only here can you travel through time to the exciting 20s, explore a 17th century ship, and view treasures from around the world.Fun for the BrainWho says science cant be fun? Designed to educate, entertain, and inspire, the museums travelling exhibits cover a wide range of subjects, including old warships replicating (复制，仿制), modern organic farming and so on. In our Science Gallery, you can make your own movie, design a racecar, and experience what its like to be an astronaut on our microgravity trainer.Expand Your Horizons The Manitoba Museum is one of only five major planetariums (天文馆) in the country. You can see an amazingly realistic night sky containing more than 9,000 stars, the Milky Way, the sun, the moon and planets, which is created by 154 projectors (投影仪)Programs The museum is a base of Manitobas education system. Each year, nearly 90,000 school children come for curriculumbased guided and selfguided programs. Thousands more visit the museum with their families and the special event programs offered during the holidays. Hours of interactive entertainment for all ages and new exhibits are being added soon. Visit www. manitobamuseum. ca and find more information.Visiting timeMonday Friday: 10：00 AM 4：00 PMSaturday, Sunday & Holidays: 10：00 AM 5：00 PM【语篇解读】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了Manitoba博物馆的特色项目及其功能，并给出了博物馆的开放时间。1What can the visitors do in the Manitoba Museum?AReplicate ancient carts.BBe trained as an astronaut.CDirect their short music plays.DView the manmade night sky.答案与解析：D考查细节理解。根据第三段第二句“You can see an amazingly realistic night sky containing more than 9,000 stars, the Milky Way, the sun, the moon and planets, which is created by 154 projectors (投影仪)”可知，你可以在该博物馆看到令人惊叹不已的逼真的含有9 000多颗星星的夜空，这些都是通过154个投影仪创造出来的效果。故选D。2What is the purpose of “Programs”？ATo attract more visitors to come.BTo advertise some holiday exhibits.CTo encourage students to do science research.DTo explain the education system of Manitoba.答案与解析：A考查目的意图。通读最后一段内容可知，该段主要介绍了Manitoba博物馆的各种项目，目的是吸引更多的游客前来参观。故选A。3How does the writer recommend “The Manitoba Museum” to readers?ABy giving details of its location.BBy introducing some of its contents.CBy telling stories at the beginning.DBy comparing it with other museums.答案与解析：B考查写作手法。通读全文可判断出，作者是通过介绍博物馆的特色内容来向读者推荐该博物馆的。故选B。B2019泰安复习质量检测 If youve ever had to chop an onion, you probably know that its one of the most annoying cooking experiences. It just fills your eyes with tears. Scientists and farmers have been working on a solution to this problem for decades, and theyve apparently come up with a tearless onion. Called the “Sunion”， this new vegetable is the result of a natural crossbreeding program thats been going on farms in Nevada and Washington since the 1980s. Its supposedly a sweet, mildtasting onion that doesnt leave that strong, pungent aftertaste, but what really sets it apart from most other onion varieties is that it doesnt cause teary eyes when its chopped. When you cut into a normal onion, it releases a compound called lachrymatoryfactor synthase, and when that hits your eyes, your body produces tears. Now, the interesting thing about regular onions is that the amounts of lachrymatoryfactor synthase increase the longer the vegetables are stored, so the older they are, the more you cry. In Sunions, on the other hand, the levels of that annoying compound drop the more time goes by, until it no longer has any effect on your eyes when you cut it. Thats what Sunion growers are claiming anyway, but reports from those lucky enough to have tried them seem to confirm these claims. The Huffington Post had three of its reporters chop some Sunions, and apparently, none of them shed a single tear. According to the Washington Post, they dont have the pungency of regular onions and are so sweet that you can eat them “like popcorn” So the good news is that tearless onions are now a real thing. The bad news is that they are currently only grown in Washington and Nevada, and even though they are sold nationwide, they are still in relatively short supply. The first Sunion batches hit the shelves of grocery stores in December, but well probably start seeing them in most grocery shops and supermarkets in the next few years, as more people learn about them.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。在切洋葱的时候，它散发出的辛辣的刺鼻味会导致人流泪。最近科学家们培育出了一种名叫Sunion的洋葱，让人感到惊奇的是，它不会导致人流泪。【长难句分析】When you cut into a normal onion, it releases a compound called lachrymatoryfactor synthase, and when that hits your eyes, your body produces tears. (第三段第一句)分析：本句为复合句。When you cut into a normal onion中的When引导的是时间状语从句；called lachrymatoryfactor synthase是定语，修饰compound；when that hits your eyes中的when引导的是时间状语从句。Paraphrase/英英释义：In the process of chopping a normal onion, it lets out a compound called lachrymatoryfactor synthase, which can cause you to tear if it hits your eyes.【词汇积累】chop v切annoying adj.恼人的，讨厌的supposedly adv.大概，推测地confirm v证实4What is special about the Sunion?AIts easily chopped.BIts sweet and tastes strong.CIts tearless and mild.DIts grown nationwide in the USA.答案与解析：C考查细节理解。由第二段第二句“Its supposedly a sweet, mildtasting onion that doesnt leave that strong, pungent aftertaste, but what really sets it apart from most other onion varieties is that it doesnt cause teary eyes when its chopped.” 可知，Sunion这种洋葱味淡且不会使人流泪。故正确答案为C。5How does the author introduce the Sunion in Paragraph 3?ABy comparison.BBy telling a story.CBy giving examples.DBy asking questions.答案与解析：A考查写作手法。该题问的是在第三段中，作者是如何介绍Sunion这种洋葱的。根据第三段内容可知，作者先介绍了为什么普通的洋葱会使人流泪，然后介绍了Sunion这种洋葱为什么不会使人流泪。由此可判断出，作者主要通过对比来介绍Sunion这种洋葱。故正确答案为A。6What does the underlined word “pungency” in Paragraph 4 mean?ARound shape.BStrong smell.CSpecial character. DMedical function.答案与解析：B考查词义猜测。该题问的是第四段的画线词“pungency”是什么含义。根据第四段最后两句“The Huffington Post had three of its reporters chop some Sunions, and apparently, none of them shed a single tear. According to the Washington Post, they dont have the pungency of regular onions and are so sweet that you can eat them like popcorn”可知，赫芬顿邮报的那三名记者在切Sunion这种洋葱时都没有流泪。由此可推断出，华盛顿邮报报道的是Sunion这种洋葱没有普通洋葱那种辛辣的刺鼻味，它们尝起来有些甜甜的，就像爆米花一样。因此，pungency指的是“辛辣的刺鼻味”。故正确答案为B。7What can we conclude from the last paragraph?AThe Sunion has been largely on the market.BThe Sunion is still on trial at present.CThe Sunion will soon be grown worldwide.DThe author is confident about the future of the Sunion.答案与解析：D考查推理判断。该题问的是从最后一段我们可以得出什么结论。根据最后一段可知，虽然目前Sunion这种洋葱的种植面积不大、总产量不是很高，它们的供应不是很充足，但是作者相信过不了几年人们就可以在大多数超市里买到。由此可推断出，作者对Sunion这种洋葱的未来充满信心。故正确答案为D。C2019重庆调研 New rules from the China National Tourism Administration prohibit guides from steering (操纵) their clients to illegal or immoral activities, such as gambling or drugs. Guides are also prohibited from forcing clients to shop at businesses during a tour, or charging extra money against a clients wishes, through intimidation, restricting a persons freedom or using physical force. Those who violate the rules will have their licenses revoked (吊销), and income generated through such misbehavior will be confiscated (没收). In addition, violators will be fined between 2,000 and 20,000 yuan (about $ 300 to $3,000) The administration said the quality of tour guides and the services they provide are key to the way the industry is perceived in China and abroad. Through the rules, which will take effect on Jan. 1, the administration hopes to ensure healthy development of the domestic tourism market. Mr. Wang, a professor of tourism administration at Beijing International Studies University, said the new rules act as a supplement to the existing tourism law. “They elaborate tour guides responsibilities and will be very helpful for the national tourism administration in strengthening its governance of this group of professionals，” Wang said. The 2001 regulations listed some prohibited behaviors, and guides who were found in violation would have points taken away from their annual scores. In 2015 and 2016, many media reports appeared about misbehaved tour guides at popular destinations. Guide services start with 10 points each year. Points are required to maintain a license, so if all 10 points are lost, the guide service is shut down. The new rules describe situations beyond what were in the 2001 regulations, and cover circumstances in which a tour guide would be in violation and punishments are laid out in detail, noting that some of the examples reflect situations that have been reported domestically in recent years. Forced shopping, verbal abuse at clients and even abandoning clients halfway through a tour were among the misdeeds.【语篇解读】本文是一篇新闻报道。介绍了新颁布的有关导游行为的规章制度。【长难句分析】The new rules describe situations beyond what were in the 2001 regulations, and cover circumstances in which a tour guide would be in violation and punishments are laid out in detail, noting that some of the examples reflect situations that have been reported domestically in recent years.分析：这是一个复合句。第一个and连接并列的谓语动词；what引导宾语从句，作beyond的宾语；in which引导定语从句，修饰先行词circumstances；noting作伴随状语；第二个that引导定语从句，修饰situations。译文：新的规章制度所描述的情形超过了2001年的规章制度(所描述的情形)，并且把导游违反规章制度的情形和相应的处罚也详细地进行了说明，同时也提到有些情形反映了近几年国内(媒体)报道的问题。 8Where does the passage probably come from?AA newspaper.BA tour guides diary.CThe 2001 regulations.DChina National Tourism Administration.答案与解析：A考查文章出处。文章介绍了有关导游的新的规章制度，起告知人们的作用。故该文应出现在报纸上，故选A项。9What does the underlined word “They” in the fourth paragraph refer to?AThe tourists.BThe new rules.CThe tour guides.DThe 2001 regulations.答案与解析：B考查代词指代。根据画线词前一句中的“the new rules act as a supplement to the existing tourism law”和代词They代替前面复数名词的作用可知，B项正确。本句表示“新的规章制度详述了导游的责任，将十分益于加强国家旅游局对这个导游群体的管理”。10Which of the following statements about the new rules is true?AThey will replace the 2001 regulations.BThey are replacements for the existing tourism law.CThey cover more detailed description as a supplement.DThey will act as new tourism standards replacing the old ones.答案与解析：C考查细节理解。根据文中第四段中的“the new rules act as a supplement to the existing tourism law”和第六段中的“cover circumstances in which a tour guide would be in violation and punishments are laid out in detail”可知，新的规章制度作为对现行旅游法的补充，含有更详尽的描述，故选C项。11From the passage, we can infer that _.Athere will be more misbehaved tour guidesBmany travel agencies will go out of businessCmore misdeeds will appear at popular destinationsDthe domestic tourism market will be more normal答案与解析：D考查推理判断。根据全文内容可知，本文介绍了有关导游的新的规章制度，它是针对近几年旅游市场中的混乱现象制定的，其对导游的违反情形和相应的处罚措施描述得更加详细，再结合第三段中的“the administration hopes to ensure healthy development of the domestic tourism market”可推知，国内的旅游市场将更加规范。故选D项。D2019潍坊模拟 The Moth Caf deserves praise on at least two fronts for offering vegan (素食主义者) food that is both interesting and delicious, and for livening_up a section of east Jasper Avenue in desperate need of help. The first accomplishment is no surprise. The familyowned new restaurant brings a new, all plantbased menu (without dairy or egg), but with the same focus on tasty, inventive food. Its brave location, next to what was once the Chinatown Mall but is now abandoned, gives further hope that this neighborhood is finally coming back to life. A new LRT station is under construction to the west. The shopping mall that is home to The Moth has become a tiny oasis (绿洲) among these blocksintransition. On a recent Saturday night, only a month after opening, The Moth is doing a solid business with a mostly under30 crowd. Inside, the room is bright and airy, with high ceilings, exposed brick, light wood and touches of greenery. The food menu isnt huge, covering a selection of small bites, allday breakfast, soups and mains. What is huge is the drinks menu. There are coffees and tea available. While there are plans to include beer and wine in the future, the present bar is limited to a variety of ginandtonics. Theres also a nonalcoholic bar offering trendy tea in flavors. In fact, I was impressed with the whole experience at The Moth, though I have yet to figure out the name. Is it an extraordinary superhero thing? A moth (飞蛾)toflame similarity? But then wouldnt the caf be called The Flame, not The Moth? No matter, the family behind the new restaurant continues to do its own unique and special thing in an underserved part of the city, and for that, it deserves support.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文，主要从食物、位置、环境等方面介绍了The Moth Caf餐厅。【长难句分析】Its brave location, next to what was once the Chinatown Mall but is now abandoned, gives further hope that this neighborhood is finally coming back to life. (第二段第三句)分析：本句是一个复合句。what引导宾语从句；that引导同位语从句，解释说明hope。译文：旁边曾是唐人街购物中心，但现已被废弃了，这一独特的地理位置给这片街区带来了恢复生机的更大希望。【词汇积累】praise n赞扬，表扬abandon v遗弃，抛弃，弃用selection n可供选择的事物available adj.提供的，可获得的12What does the underlined phrase “livening up” in Paragraph 1 mean?ASetting up.BKeeping up.CGiving life to.DMaking a living for.答案与解析：C考查词义猜测。根据第一段中的“a section of east Jasper Avenue in desperate need of help”及第三段内容可知，Jasper Avenue之前并不热闹，亟须帮助，是The Moth Caf为它带来了生机；由此可推断出，liven up的意思是“为带来生机”。故选C。13What can we learn from the menus?AMilk and eggs are served all day.BThe menu focuses on traditional food.CAlcoholic drinks are limited at present.DCoffees are not included in the drinks menu.答案与解析：C考查细节理解。由第四段中的“While there are plans to include beer and wine in the future, the present bar is limited to a variety of ginandtonics.”可知，该餐厅目前供应的酒很少。故选C。14Whats the authors attitude towards The Moth Caf？AAppreciative.BTolerant.CCautious. DUninterested.答案与解析：A考查观点态度。由第一段中的“deserves praise”和最后一段第一句中的“I was impressed with the whole experience at The Moth”可知，作者很欣赏这个餐厅。故选A。15Whats the purpose of writing the text?ATo promote an eating style.BTo advocate a vegan diet.CTo recover a declining business.DTo introduce a new restaurant.答案与解析：D考查写作意图。该题问的是作者写这篇文章的目的是什么。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了The Moth Caf的相关信息。故选D。第二节(共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。2019河南省高考适应性测试Travel Abroad Dos and Donts Planning a trip abroad with family or friends this summer break? Here are a few travel tips to keep you safe. 1.If you want to make your trip safe and easy, plan ahead. _1_ The less you have to carry around, the more quickly you can move. Besides, planning ahead will save your time and make sure you dont miss the best things. 2._2_No one wants bad things to happen but youll feel better when youre ready for them if they do. When you travel abroad, you are in a place you dont know well and you can always be a target, especially your valuables. Dont keep large amounts of cash in your wallet. _3_ Also, take copies of your travel documents with you and leave your passport and other important documents in the hotel. 3.Nothing ruins a trip faster than the unexpected crisis. _4_ It will insure yourself against unexpected accidents, so it is necessary to buy the insurance. But you need to be careful about the items in the contract (合同), so that you know what you are and are not covered for when you book travel insurance. 4.While enjoying the moment in the bar, be cautious and keep an eye on your drink at all times. Besides, being on holidays doesnt mean you have the right to do what you want. _5_ Keep these tips in mind and make the most of your time. Have fun with family and friends and explore and enjoy your time away.ATake more in any case.BExpect the unexpected.CDont leave your hotel alone.DTake the necessities with you.EDont forget to buy the travel insurance.FBe respectful and dont do anything illegal.GTry putting smaller notes in several different pockets.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文，向暑期到国外度假的人提出了一些有关安全的建议。1答案与解析：D根据空格后的“The less you have to carry around, the more quickly you can move.”可知，你带的东西越少，你的行动就越便利；由此可知，D项“带一些必需品”引起下文，符合语境。故选D。2答案与解析：B根据下一句“No one wants bad things to happen but youll feel better when youre ready for them if they do.”可知，没有人希望发生不好的事，但是如果这些不好的事发生时，你已做好了准备，那你心里面就会好受一些。B项“预料到突发事件”引起下文，符合语境。故选B。3答案与解析：G上文提到，不要把大量的现金放在钱夹里；下文提到，把旅行文件的复印件随身携带，把护照和其他重要文件留在酒店。G项“把小额面值的钱放在不同的口袋里”承上启下，符合语境。故选G。4答案与解析：E上文提到，没有什么比突发的危机更快地破坏一次旅行；下文提到，它会为你的一些突发事故提供担保。E项“别忘记买旅行保险”承上启下，符合语境。故选E。5答案与解析：F上文提到，度假并不意味着你有权做你想做的任何事情；F项“要有礼貌并别做违法的事”是与其相关的注意事项。故选F。课时练(二)英语知识运用板块练练准度(限时：30分钟)英语知识运用(共两节，满分45分)第一节完形填空(共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分)阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。2019陕西检测Steve and Yaser first met in their chemistry class. Yaser was an international student from Jordan. He was _1_ to get to know an American. Yaser hoped that he and Steve would _2_ good friends.At first, Steve seemed very friendly. He always greeted Yaser _3_ before class. Sometimes he offered to study with Yaser. He even _4_ Yaser to have lunch with him. But after the first term was over, Steve seemed _5_. One day Yaser decided to call Steve. Steve didnt seem very _6_ in talking to him. Yaser was hurt by Steves change of attitude.Yaser is a little _7_. He is an outsider to American culture. He doesnt understand the way Americans view _8_. Americans view the word “friend” in a very _9_ way. Americans have school friends, work friends, sports friends and neighborhood friends. These friendships are _10_ on common interests. When the shared activity ends, the friendship may _11_. Now Steve and Y