2020版高考英语复习课时作业（二十三）（含解析）北师大版选修8.docx

课时作业(二十三)授课提示：对应学生用书第357页课时练(一)阅读理解提速练练速度(限时：35分钟)阅读理解(共两节，满分40分)第一节(共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。A2019银川高三质量检测How Did the Ancient Chinese Keep Food Warm in Winter？Facilities like electric rice cookers， microwaves， and electric kettles， make it easy for people to keep food warm and enjoy a comfortable winter. So how did Chinese people in ancient times keep food warm in winter without these？ In fact， ancient Chinese people used their own methods of heat preservation as early as the Shang and Zhou Dynasties.“Wen Ding”， ancient rice cookerOne of the major functions of an electric rice cooker is to keep food warm. The “Wen Ding”， an ancient cooking container， served the same purpose， but instead of using electric energy， the ancient cooking container preserved heat by burning fuels like charcoal.The “Wen Ding” unearthed in Nanjing in 1989 is thought to be the oldest of its kind discovered in China， dating back to the Stone Age. The craftsmanship of making the “Wen Ding” was developed in the Bronze Age. The bronze Ding from the Shang and Zhou Dynasties took on different shapes and structures.“Ran Lu”， ancient small hot potThe “Ran Lu” is a smallsize cooking vessel (器皿) made of bronze， which can be divided into three parts. A charcoal stove forms the main structure， with a bottom tray to hold charcoal ashes， and a movable cup at the top. Some experts have concluded that the vessels structure suggests it may have been used as a small hot pot and that these vessels became popular in the Warring States Period (475 B.C.221 B.C.).Bronze You， ancient kettleThe Bronze You was one of the most common wine containers during the Shang and Zhou Dynasties. The Bronze You can also be used to warm wine. For example， the Bronze You with beast mask design， unearthed in Jiangxi Province， has an opening where charcoal could be placed. Just as people today cant do without an electric kettle， the Bronze You allowed people to enjoy a hot drink.Bronze Yan， ancient steamerAlthough the “Wen Ding” was effective at keeping food warm， the ancient Chinese people later found that its burning process produced pollution. As a result， the Bronze Yan was made with a twotier structure and used to steam rice and other grains. After the Eastern Han Dynasty (25 A.D.220 A.D.)， further improvements to the Bronze Yan led to the modernday steamer.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国古代四种在冬天给食物保温的器皿。【长难句分析】For example， the Bronze You with beast mask design， unearthed in Jiangxi Province， has an opening where charcoal could be placed.(Bronze You， ancient kettle部分第三句)分析：这是一个主从复合句。“unearthed in Jiangxi Province”是过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰“the Bronze You”；where引导定语从句，指代先行词“an opening”。Paraphrase(英英释义)：For example， the Bronze You with beast mask design， which was discovered in Jiangxi Province， has an opening to place charcoal.【词汇积累】ancient adj.古代的preservation n.保存dynasty n.朝代；王朝charcoal n.木炭1When did the “Ran Lu” become popular？A.In the Zhou Dynasty.B.In the Eastern Han Dynasty.C.In the Warring States Period.D.In the Stone Age.答案与解析：C考查细节理解。关键句：Some experts have concluded that the vessels structure suggests it may have been used as a small hot pot and that these vessels became popular in the Warring States Period (475 B.C.221 B.C.).(“Ran Lu”， ancient small hot pot部分最后一句)译文：一些专家推断，这种器皿的结构表明它可能被当做一种小火锅来使用，这种器皿在战国时期(公元前475公元前221年)流行起来。根据关键句可知，“Ran Lu”在战国时期变得流行。故C项正确。2.The Bronze You， unearthed in Jiangxi Province， has an opening to _.A.place charcoalB.store wineC.pour water D.hold charcoal ashes答案与解析：A考查细节理解。关键句：For example， the Bronze You with beast mask design， unearthed in Jiangxi Province， has an opening where charcoal could be placed.(Bronze You， ancient kettle部分第三句)译文：例如，江西出土的带有兽面纹的Bronze You上有一个可以放置木炭的开口。根据关键句可知，Bronze You上的开口是用来放置木炭的。故A项正确。3What is the unique advantage of the Bronze Yan？A.It is warm. B.It is convenient.C.It is useful. D.It is environmentfriendly.答案与解析：D考查推理判断。关键句：Although the “Wen Ding” was effective at keeping food warm， the ancient Chinese people later found that its burning process produced pollution. As a result， the Bronze Yan was made with a twotier structure and used to steam rice and other grains.(最后一段前两句)译文：虽然“Wen Ding”在食物保温方面很有效，但后来中国古代人民发现其在燃烧过程中会产生污染。因此，双层结构的Bronze Yan应运而生，可用于蒸米和其他谷物。根据关键句可推知，Bronze Yan最独特的地方在于不会污染环境。故D项正确。B2019辽宁辽南模拟Weaving hammocks is an art that takes a sharp eye， a skilled hand and lots of patience. But in Lenwood Haddocks Case， being blind works to his advantage. His trained， sensitive hands are acutely aware of every step of the process. Since beginning his craft in 1986， Lenwood has woven about 145,000 perfect hammocks.Lenwood lost his sight in 1973， at age 18， during a hunting accident. “My whole working career has been blind，” he says. He first found a job as a woodworker， but when that organization closed， the North Carolina Division of Services for the Blind connected him with Hatteras Hammocks. On his first day of work， “I did a total of one hammock，” Lenwood recalls， laughing. “And then I came home and lay down to sleep. I lift weights， but I wasnt as tough as I thought until I started weaving. It takes a lot of energy， and youre standing up all day.”In time， however， Lenwood found he had a knack (窍门) for the job. At first he worked onsite at the company， but after a year Lenwood moved his operation to the home workshop where he had worked for 10 years during his woodworking days.There， he creates dozens of hammocks each week from ropes in a variety of sizes. One day， he realized the step counter on his phone recorded him walking eight miles without ever leaving his shop.The process of weaving a hammock involves making and catching hundreds of loops (环). A single missed stitch (织针) creates a hole that can widen and make the hammock uncomfortable or even dangerous to use. Experienced weavers miss loops sometimes， but to his companys knowledge， Lenwood has never turned in a hammock with even one dropped stitch. Lenwoods skilled fingers are quick to catch and fix any mistakes.The company has acquired other brands and changed its name to The Hammock Source. Today， it is the worlds largest maker and seller of hammocks， all built by hand.However， Lenwoods routine has changed little. He works his fingers back and forth across the rows， looping the rope and pulling it. With every hammock， Lenwood presents himself a perfect product. “Im not sure how sighted people do it，” he admits.【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了因故双目失明的Lenwood努力学习制作吊床的励志故事。【长难句分析】At first he worked onsite at the company， but after a year Lenwood moved his operation to the home workshop where he had worked for 10 years during his woodworking days.(第三段最后一句)分析：这是一个主从复合句。where引导的定语从句修饰先行词workshop。Paraphrase(英英释义)：At the beginning， Lenwood worked onsite at the company， but after a year he moved to the home workshop in which he had worked for 10 years during his woodworking days.【词汇积累】sensitive adj.敏感的acutely adv.强烈地；深深地operation n.操作；经营4Lenwood stopped doing his first job because _.A.it was for people with good eyesight onlyB.the company failed to go on with its businessC.the company didnt produce hammocksD.he was not skilled at doing woodwork答案与解析：B考查细节理解。关键句：He first found a job as a woodworker， but when that organization closed， the North Carolina Division of Services for the Blind connected him with Hatteras Hammocks.(第二段第三句)译文：他起初找了一份木匠的工作，但该机构倒闭后，North Carolina的盲人服务部门让他与Hatteras Hammocks公司结下了缘分。根据关键句和第二段内容可知，Lenwood失明后找了一份工作，但后来他所在的机构倒闭了。故选B。5It can be learned from the passage that Lenwood _.A.has been blind all through his lifeB.used to work as a hunter to support his familyC.was born in the 1950s with good eyesightD.has worked as a hammock weaver for 10 years答案与解析：C考查推理判断。关键句：Lenwood lost his sight in 1973， at age 18， during a hunting accident.(第二段第一句)译文：1973年Lenwood 18岁时，在一次打猎事故中，双目失明了。根据关键句可推知，Lenwood生于20世纪50年代(1973181955)，而且出生时视力正常，A项与原文不符，排除A项，C项与原文相符。文中说他因打猎发生意外而失明，并未提及他曾经以打猎为生，故排除B项；根据第三段最后一句可知，Lenwood在织吊床之前做了十年木工，故排除D项。故选C。6What can we learn about Lenwood from the 4th paragraph？A.He moved very often while he was working on a hammock.B.He had to make different ropes before he wove a hammock.C.He had to stay 8 miles away from the worksite to complete it.D.He needed ropes of about 8 miles long to complete a hammock.答案与解析：A考查推理判断。关键句：One day， he realized the step counter on his phone recorded him walking eight miles without ever leaving his shop.(第四段最后一句)译文：有一天，他突然发现，在自己寸步未离自己商店的情况下，手机上的计步器记录他走了8英里的路程。根据关键句和第四段内容可推知，Lenwood在做吊床时经常走动，不然不会有8英里的步行记录。故选A。7What does the passage mainly talk about？A.The success of the Hammock Source Company.B.A blind craftsman who makes perfect hammocks.C.How to weave perfect hammocks by hand.D.How to become a successful craftsman.答案与解析：B考查主旨大意。通读全文可知，本文主要讲述了因故双目失明的Lenwood努力学习做吊床，自强自立的励志故事。B项准确地概括了文章的主题。故选B。C2019河北五个一名校联盟 Imagine this scene： its blowing outside， and you snuggle (蜷伏) up on the sofa under a warm quilt， chatting and recalling with your closest friends. That content， cosy feeling， has a name in Danish hygge. And， as Denmark recently won the title of “the happiest country in the world”， the concept of hygge is known to more and more people interested in finding ways to understand this concept. Hygge originally from a Norwegian word meaning wellbeing doesnt have an exact equivalent (对应物) in English. Its often translated as coziness， or as blogger Anna West told the BBC， “coziness of the soul”. But， professor Maren Spark explains， “Hygge_was_never_meant_to_be_translated._It_was_meant_to_be_felt.” Basically， hygge involves creating a warm， cosy atmosphere and enjoying it with your loved ones. Danish winters are long and dark， so achieving hygge is particularly relevant during this season. A typical hygge activity during winter could be enjoying delicious homemade food and lighthearted conversation with friends preferably in the warm glow of candlelight， or maybe sipping a glass of wine in the hot tub after a day spent skiing. However， hygge isnt only limited to the cold winter months it can also describe that warm， fuzzy feeling you get after a walk through a forest with friends on a summers day or a family barbecue in the park. Hygge is meant to be shared.【语篇解读】每年，丹麦人都会经历漫长而阴沉的冬日，可是丹麦却被认为是世界上最幸福的国家。文章向我们介绍了丹麦人是如何通过创造舒适的环境来提高幸福指数的。【长难句分析】And， as Denmark recently won the title of “the happiest country in the world”， the concept of hygge is known to more and more people interested in finding ways to understand this concept.分析：这是一个复合句。as引导原因状语从句；interested in finding ways to understand this concept作定语，修饰中心词people，to understand this concept为动词不定式作定语。译文：并且，由于丹麦最近获得了“世界上最幸福的国家”称号，“hygge”的概念被越来越多的人了解，这些人对找到理解这一概念的方式感兴趣。8The author asks the readers to imagine the scene in the first paragraph to _.A.help the readers to calm downB.introduce the topic of the passageC.present the main idea of the passageD.remind the readers of their past memories答案与解析：B考查推理判断。由文章第一段和第二段可知，作者让读者想象这个情景是为了引出文章所要介绍的话题“hygge”。9What do the underlined sentences by Maren Spark mean？A.The translation of the word “hygge” is not good enough.B.Only Danish speakers know what “hygge” means.C.“Hygge” is easy to translate but hard to feel.D.We can get the true meaning of “hygge” by feeling it.答案与解析：D考查句意理解。根据第三段可知，“hygge”这个词常被解释为“coziness”，下文由“But”引出“professor Maren Spark”的观点“hygge不应该被翻译，而应用来感受”。由此可知，我们只有通过感受才能理解“hygge”的真正内涵。10Which of the following can be best described as a “hygge” activity？A.Skiing in the cold winter months.B.Living through long dark winters.C.Taking afternoon tea with friends.D.Walking alone in the forest.答案与解析：C考查推理判断。由倒数第二段的第一句可知，“hygge”与创造一个温暖舒适的氛围并与你爱的人一起分享有关。C项中的“Taking afternoon tea”符合“creating a warm， cosy atmosphere”， “friends”对应“your loved ones”。故选C项。11The author writes this passage to _.A.explain B.persuadeC.comment D.advertise答案与解析：A考查写作目的。纵观全文可以看出，文章采用情景介绍、概念介绍、举例说明的方式向我们介绍了一种创造舒适的环境来提高幸福指数的生活方式：hygge。故选A项。D2019湖北联考A billionaire has recently made one of the biggest charitable (慈善的) donations to a university in Chinas history. Chen Tianqiao donated $115 million to the California Institute of Technology (Caltech) to help advanced brain research. The donation will be spent deepening the understanding of how the brain works. Chen has been interested in brain research， believing it can shape the industries such as artificial intelligence and virtual reality. However， this huge donation has caused heated discussions among Chinese scholars and Internet users alike.Many criticized him for choosing to give money to a foreign university rather than home institutes for brain research， which are developing fast and are on track to catch up with the US in just a few years. Rao Yi， a biologist at Peking University， even said the donation was a typical mistake.Others， however， support his choice. They believe Caltech is a more reasonable choice compared to Chinese research institutions. Caltech has a long history and has taken a leading position in biology， and therefore it produces more efficient (有效的) results. In addition， the results of the research benefit not only the American people， but also the rest of the world.A similar controversial case started two years ago when Pan Shiyi， chairman of SOHO China， donated $15 million to Harvard University to help disadvantaged Chinese students.Many believe that China is still behind in the management and use of donated money， and that as a result， Chinese charity donators are looking abroad. In comparison， Western countries like the US， which have a long history of donating money， have welldeveloped systems that use money efficiently. They can also provide full access for donors who want to track the use of the money. To get more donations， Chinese universities should be braver and more honest. They need selfreflection， rather than envy.【语篇解读】本文是一篇议论文。中国的亿万富翁陈天桥给加州理工学院捐赠了巨资用以大脑的研究，这件事引发了人们的热议。【长难句分析】In comparison， Western countries like the US， which have a long history of donating money， have welldeveloped systems that use money efficiently.(最后一段第二句)分析：本句是主从复合句。which have a long history of donating money和that use money efficiently都是定语从句。Paraphrase/英英释义：Compared with China， Western countries such as the US with a long history of donating money， have welldeveloped systems to make use of money efficiently.【词汇积累】deepen v.加深criticize v.批评typical adj.典型的12Why did Chens donation draw criticism？A.It was not used efficiently.B.It was one of the largest to Caltech.C.It should have been given away to a Chinese college.D.It was used in brain research rather than for unfortunate people.答案与解析：C考查细节理解。该题提问的是为什么陈天桥的捐赠引起了批评。根据题干中的关键信息“criticism”可以将信息定位到文章的第二段。根据该段的第一句“Many criticized him for choosing to give money to a foreign university rather than home institutes for brain research， which are developing fast and are on track to catch up with the US in just a few years.”可知，许多人批评陈天桥选择给外国大学捐钱，而不是给国内大脑研究机构提供资金，认为他本应该捐款给中国的大学。故选C。13Some people are in favor of Chens choice because _.A.the Chinese are just too enviousB.the achievements benefit the whole worldC.Caltech is a university with a longer historyD.the fund can help disadvantaged Chinese students答案与解析：B考查细节理解。该题提问的是为什么一些人支持陈天桥的选择。根据题干中的关键信息“in favor of”可以将信息定位到文章的第三段。根据该段的最后一句“In addition， the results of the research benefit not only the American people， but also the rest of the world.”可知，有些人支持陈天桥的做法是因为这些成就可以使全世界受益。故选B。14Pan Shiyi is mentioned to _.A.suggest the Chinese are enthusiastic about universitiesB.show off generosity of the billionaires in ChinaC.inform some Chinese students are poor at academyD.prove the widespread disagreement over donating abroad答案与解析：D考查目的意图。该题提问的是潘石屹被提及是为了什么。根据题干中的关键信息“Pan Shiyi”可以将信息定位到文章的第四段。该段介绍了两年前SOHO中国董事长潘石屹给哈佛大学捐赠了1 500万美元来帮助贫困的中国学生这件事，也引起了争议。由此可知，提到潘石虼是为了证明人们普遍不同意给国外捐款。故选D。15To get more fund， the author thinks the Chinese universities should _.A.explore artificial intelligenceB.grow fast and catch up with the USC.develop efficient systems to use the donationsD.educate braver and more honest graduates答案与解析：C考查推理判断。该题提问的是为了得到更多的资金，作者认为中国大学应该怎么做。根据题干中的关键信息“To get more fund”可以将信息定位到文章的最后一段。根据该段可知，中国的慈善家将目光投向国外是因为许多西方国家捐赠历史悠久，有完善的体系来有效地使用款项。由此可推知，作者认为中国大学应该发展有效的体系来合理地使用善款。故选C。第二节(共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。2019山东省高三预测 There are two types of party attendees (参加者)： Those who count the minutes until they can go home， and those who stay until the early hours of morning. Regardless of which category you fall into， though， you must have secretly wondered about the best time to head out the door. _1_ Not only do you want to avoid being impolite， but you also dont want to overstay your welcome. Thankfully， Thomas Blaikie can help you out with this delicate matter. According to Blaikie， there is a golden time to leave the gathering without appearing rude. _2_ If its a sitdown dinner party， but you have to leave for something urgent， you should remain until all courses have been served. Its considered rude to leave before dessert. _3_ Aim to say your goodbyes at 11：15 p.m.， Dont be the last person to leave. _4_ Chatting with a drink in your hand can easily make you lose track of the time. And dont worry about hurting your host if you must turn down an offer. After all， your host is tired out. This advice depends on how well you know your host， of course. _5_ He also might appreciate it if you stayed behind to help clean up. In that case， youll need to know the best cleaning tips fo