2020版高考英语复习Unit22EnvironmentalProtection知能演练轻松闯关北师大版.docx

Unit 22 Environmental Protection课时练1阅读理解提速练学生用书P338(单独成册) 阅读理解A(2019郑州一中上学期入学摸底)If youre on the hunt for something new and interesting to read, you have plenty of places to go. This week, were looking at four of the best book recommendation sites, based on your nominations(提名)GoodreadsGoodreads is more than just a book recommendation site, although it excels at helping you find new books to read based on the ones you enjoy. You can build a virtual “shelf” of books you own or have already read, share your progress with the books youre currently reading, rate the books youve read, leave reviews, and connect with other readers.BookBubWhile BookBub isnt strictly a book recommendation site, it does bring you superlow cost books based on your interests every day. The service is free, and when you sign up, you tell BookBub what kinds of books you like to read. From there, youll get an email from BookBub every day with book deals for that day. When we say “deal”， we mean itmany of BookBubs titles are free entirely, $ 0.99, or just a couple of bucks.LibraryThingLibraryThing has been around for a long time and is still a great userpowered book rating, review, and recommendation site. The service calls itself the worlds largest book club, and thats a lot like the overall feel. Once you sign up, youll be encouraged to start adding books youve read and leave reviews for them. Behind its book ratings and reviews though, LibraryThing is a powerful tool to catalog and organize your entire book collection.OlmentaIf youre not interested in registering for accounts, adding your own books, or any of that hassle(麻烦), Olmenta can suggest some solid titles to you based on general popularity and the citations of the people behind the site. Its a simple list of book covers that the service thinks you should read, and a few genres you can click on if youre looking for something specific, like business, fiction, theatre, poetry, or nonfiction, among others.【解题导语】该文介绍了四个最佳书籍推荐网站。1Which of the following two book recommendation sites ask you to rate and leave reviews?AGoodreads and BookBub.BBookBub and LibraryThing.CLibraryThing and Olmenta.DGoodreads and LibraryThing.D解析：细节理解题。根据Goodreads部分的最后一句中的“rate the books youve read, leave reviews, and connect with other readers”和LibraryThing部分的最后一句中的“Behind its book ratings and reviews though”可知，Goodreads和LibraryThing都要求读者评价并留下书评，故选D。2Which book recommendation site can help you get superlow cost books?AGoodreads. BBookBub.CLibraryThing. DOlmenta.B解析：细节理解题。根据BookBub部分的第一句“While BookBub isnt strictly a book recommendation site, it does bring you superlow cost books based on your interests every day.”可知，BookBub这个网站可以帮助你得到超低价钱的书，故选B。3If you turn to Olmenta, you _Aneed to pay moreBneed to add your own booksCdont need to sign upDdont need to look for something specificC解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段第一句“If youre not interested in registering for accounts, adding your own books, or any of that hassle(麻烦)，Olmenta can suggest some solid titles to you based on general popularity and the citations of the people behind the site.”可推知，在Olmenta网站，你可省去注册的麻烦，故选C。B(2019湖北八校高三联考)We do not usually think about how our language works.Talking is such a natural, everyday activity that we do not often stop to consider how it actually works.When we do study our language, though, we are often surprised that we are able to understand our conversations.Words can mean so many different things.However, it turns out that the speaking situation helps a lot in making language work.First, the speaking situation helps make words more particular.For example, the word “dog” can describe a dog that a speaker saw in a dream.It can also be used to discuss a neighbors dog.No language has a separate word for the idea “dog that I saw yesterday” and another word for the idea “dog that I saw in a dream”This is because the speaking situation makes it clear what speakers mean when they use words.So, when you have a conversation with your neighbor, the knowledge that you have a dog tells your neighbor what the word “dog” probably means in that situation.The speaking situation also helps make language clearer.For example, the word “bank” has two possible meanings.It can mean “a place where people keep money”，but it can also mean “the side of a river”So the sentence “I went to the bank” is not clear.It could mean I went to the side of the river or it could mean I went to the place where my money is kept.However, if the speaker is talking about fishing or going to the mountains, others probably know that “bank” means “the side of a river”The things that speakers say may not always be clear.Sometimes the words are not very particular, but the speaking situation can provide the meaning.Other times words may have many meanings.Then the speaking situation limits the right meaning.This extra knowledge from the situation is very important to understand language.【解题导语】本文讲述了语境对语言的理解起着很大作用。4The passage is mainly about _Athe best time and place to talk to others Bhow the speaking situation helps language work Cwhat to say in difficult situationsDhow our language worksB解析：主旨大意题。本文讲述了语境对语言的理解起着很大作用，故选B。5According to the passage, we can safely say that _Athe speaking situation does not affect the meaning of wordsBspeaking is not very natural for most people Cthe speaking situation is not important Dpeople often do not consider how talking works D解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“We do not usually think about how our language works.Talking is such a natural, everyday activity that we do not often stop to consider how it actually works.”可知，故选D。6By using the example of the word “dog”， the writer wants to show that _Aa word may need to be explained in a conversationBa word may have different meaningsCthe speaking situation helps people understand the particular meaning of a wordDthe meaning of words is not particularC解析：推理判断题。根据第二段的第一句话“First, the speaking situation helps make words more particular.”和下文的“For example”可知，下文正是用dog一词举例来论证第二段的第一句话，故选C。7According to the passage, we can know the meaning of the word “bank” by referring to _Athe time and the place where the conversation happensBthe occupation of the person who uses the wordCearlier or later parts of the conversationDa reliable dictionaryC解析：细节理解题。根据第三段所讲，作者用bank一词举例说明对话中这个词之前或之后的部分决定了这个词的含义，故选C。C(2019惠州高三第一次调研)I was selfish as a teenager. I usually spent my time thinking about myself and taking care of my own needs. I let my older brother do most of the work around the house until he left for college. I let my mom and dad worry about our bills and problems while I read books, played, and lost myself in my own imagination. This didnt change even when I went to college either. I studied hard but only to make my own life better. Even when I started to explore my faith, it was only to increase my own happiness.I married after graduation and decided to start a family. Of course, I had no idea what hard knocks reality had in store for my selfish soul. Soon I found myself unemployed, deeply in debt, and with a new baby on the way. I found out that life has little sympathy for spoiled people. In fact, all of the struggles I was going through were beating the selfishness slowly out of me.Still, I didnt give up on happiness. I knew that there must be a way to find it. I finally realized, however, that it had to include more than just my own needs, wants, and desires. The answer began to make itself clear one night shortly after my baby boy was born. I got a bottle and held him in my arms. As I was feeding him I looked down and saw his big, innocent, trusting eyes. I smiled and talked to him. Then he smiled and I could feel my heart growing, expanding with love. I felt such peace and joy. At that moment I had a hint of the truth: it is by growing our hearts with love that we find our happiness.Carolyn Arends wrote: “The more people you let into your heart, the bigger your heart gets. The more love you get, the more love you have to give. It just keeps growing.” So, keep loving, keep living and keep caring. Keep growing your heart today, tomorrow, and always.【解题导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文，主要讲述作者由一个自私的人成长为一个心中对他人有爱的人，也明白了“爱他人即幸福”的道理。8What do we know about the author from the first paragraph?AHe often helped his brother with housework.BHe studied hard for his family.CHe put his own needs above othersDHe was concerned about his family.C解析：推理判断题。根据第一段中的“let my older brother do most of the work”“let my mom and dad worry about our bills and problems”“This didnt change even when I went to college either. I studied hard but only to make my own life better.”和“it was only to increase my own happiness”的描述可推知，作者在青少年时期较为自私，行为处事总是只考虑自己，几乎不为家人考虑，即他把自己的需要放在别人的需要之上。故选C项。9What did the author realize after he suffered in life?ASpoiled people cant survive the hardship of life.BLife is cruel to spoiled people.CSpoiled people are never happy in life.DSelfishness is helpful.B解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Soon I found myself unemployed, deeply in debt, and with a new baby on the way. I found out that life has little sympathy for spoiled people.”可知，作者在经历了人生的失意后，终于发现生活对被宠坏的人是残酷的。10What can be inferred from the passage?AThe author loved kids.BThe author often fed his baby.CThe author realized the importance of happiness.DWhen caring for his baby, the author got inspired.D解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中的“As I was feeding him I looked down and saw his big, innocent, trusting eyes. I smiled and talked to him. Then he smiled and I could feel my heart growing, expanding with love. I felt such peace and joy. At that moment I had a hint of the truth: it is by growing our hearts with love that we find our happiness.”可推知，作者在照料孩子的过程中领悟到了通往幸福的途径。11Which can be the best title of the passage?ALoving Others, a Way to HappinessBThe Elder One Grows, the More He GetsCHelp Others, Help OneselfDKeep Growing to Live a Happy LifeA解析：标题归纳题。根据最后一段中的“The more people you let into your heart, the bigger your heart gets. The more love you get, the more love you have to give. It just keeps growing. So, keep loving, keep living and keep caring. Keep growing your heart today, tomorrow, and always.”的描述可推知，这篇文章的主旨是“爱他人即幸福”。D(2019湖北七市高三联考)Modern humans have a hard time controlling their desire to eat. Often you eat not because you are hungry, but because you are affected by many other things. How much you eat is strongly affected by how much those around you eat. People eating alone eat least. People eating with one other person eat 35 percent more than they do at home. People dining in a party of four eat 75 percent more. Eating with overweight friends? Youll eat more. Is your waitress overweight? Youll eat more. A wide variety of food? Youll eat more.Plates can decide how sweet dessert tastes. If people ate it off a paper plate, theyd say, “This is good.” If they ate it off a fancy silver plate, they would say, “This is the greatest cake Ive eaten in my entire life.” Your knowledge about what makes food good or bad also affects how much you eat. You tend to eat more when you think the food is good, and less when you think it is bad. So Grandmas cookies always taste better than other cookies. “Good food” even has a “health halo(光环) effect”. If were eating something healthy, we feel that everything in that meal is healthy. Due to this, people often believe that a cheese cake with a salad has fewer calories(卡路里) than the cheese cake alone. Thats perhaps also why eating organic(有机的) food might turn you into an annoying guy. Your brain may use anything that makes you feel good about your own morality to excuse your immoral behaviour. Food and hunger affect your judgment too. Hungry judges give more serious sentences. Kids who dont eat breakfast behave worse than kids who eat their breakfast. People who have low blood sugar are more likely than the average person to have trouble concentrating and controlling their unpleasant emotions.【解题导语】本文主要介绍了哪些因素会导致人们吃得更多。12What is mentioned as a cause of overeating?ASuffering from great loneliness.BBeing served by a helpful waitress.CBeing treated to high quality food.DEating with many friends.D解析：细节理解题。根据第一段的“People eating with one other person eat 35 percent more than they do at home.” 可知，和许多朋友一起吃饭是吃得多的一个原因，故D项正确。13According to the passage, an annoying person may be one who_Afinds any excuse for eating moreBis crazy about the quality of platesCcompetes with others in making cookiesDteaches people to stick to moralityA解析：推理判断题。根据第一段的内容和第三段中的“Thats perhaps also.your immoral behaviour.” 可知，一个让人讨厌的人可能总会找到多吃的借口，故A项正确。14According to the passage, people are more likely to make a bad judgment when _Athey dont feel hungryBthey arent overweightCthey have low blood sugarDthey know little about foodC解析： 细节理解题。根据文章最后一段的“People who have low blood sugar are more likely than the average person to have trouble concentrating and controlling their unpleasant emotions.” 可知，低血糖的人比常人更难以集中注意力和控制自己的情绪，判断力会更差，故C项正确。15What would be the best title for the passage?AWhen Cant We Go on a Diet?BWhat Affects Eating?CHow to Make Good FoodDWhere to Find Safe FoodB解析： 标题归纳题。通读全文可知，本文的主题句是第一段的第二句“Often you eat not because you are hungry, but because you are affected by many other things.”， 结合下文内容可知，本文主要介绍影响吃饭的因素，故B项最能概括文章大意。 七选五(2019郑州质量预测)Perhaps you have heard the expression “When in Rome, do as the Romans do.” So when you want to do business in France, you have to get to know French culture, make marketing plans, and run your business by local laws.1_ The French take great pride in their language, so anyone who does not speak it may run the risk of being disrespected by his French colleagues or business partners. Also, another reason why learning French is important is that it is a great way to show every possible French business partner that you care and respect their countrys culture and language.The first thing that you should do when meeting someone new is to shake his hand firmly and always look at the person in the eye. In social meetings with friends, kissing is common.Use first names only after being invited to. 2._ The French will sometimes introduce themselves using their surname first, followed by their first name.Dress well. 3._ Your business clothing is a reflection of your success and social status. Always try to be tasteful and stylish. Women are advised to dress simply but elegantly. Wearing makeup is practiced widely by businesswomen.The French are passionate about food, so lunches are common in doing business in France, which usually consist of an appetizer, a main meal with wine, cheese, dessert and coffee, and normally take up to two hours. 4._Do not begin eating until the host says “bon appetite”. Pass dishes to the left, keep wrists above the table and try to eat everything on the plate. 5._ This may suggest that you find the food tasteless. If eating in a restaurant, the person who makes an invitation always pays.ARemember to be as polite as possible.BThis is a time for relationship building.CUse Monsieur or Madame before the surname.DBe careful with adding salt, pepper or sauces to your food.EMake an appointment with your business partner in advance.FThe French draw information about people based on their appearance.GLanguage should be the focus of anyone planning to do business in France.【解题导语】任何人如果想在法国做生意，都要了解法国的文化，做到入乡随俗。1G解析：根据本段后面的内容可知，法国人为他们的语言感到骄傲，所以想在法国做生意，学习法语是很重要的。G项“任何打算在法国做生意的人都应该关注语言”与下文联系紧密，故选G。2C解析：结合空处前后的内容可以看出，本段就名字的使用提出了建议，而与名字的使用相关的是C项“在姓之前使用先生或夫人”，故选C。3F解析：本段的中心句是第一句“Dress well.”，接着就服饰方面提出了一些建议，故空处应选F项“法国人根据人们的外表来获取信息”。4B解析：根据本段第一句可知，法国人酷爱食物，在法国做生意时，共进午餐是很常见的，且午餐用时多达两个小时。那么，共进午餐的时间也是建立关系的时间，B项符合语境，故本题选B。5D解析：本段就餐桌礼仪方面提出了建议。D项“在食物中加入盐、胡椒粉或酱汁时要小心”与下一句“这可能表明你觉得饭菜没味儿”衔接紧密，故本空选D。课时练2知识运用板块练学生用书P341(单独成册) 完形填空(2019西宁检测)Many students often say that they dont have “enough time” to do all their schoolwork. My _1_is often brief, “You have as much time as the president.” I usually carry on a bit about _2_twenty four hours in the day for everyone, and suggest that “not enough time” is not a(n)_3_explanation of _4_something done._5_in graduate school, I tried to prove to one of my professors _6_saying that I was working hard. His answer to me was, “Thats irrelevant. _7_is important is the _8_of your work.”Since then I have had time to think carefully about the trick of “_9_”， and I have come to some _10_all relevant to the problem of how much time we have.If you analyze the matter, you can identify two parts of the problem: There is, _11_，the matter of “time”， which we can think of _12_. Then there is the problem of “work” during that time. But, as my professor suggested, its not how hard one works _13_the quality of the product thats important.That led me to a new idea: the quality of the work. That _14_is perhaps best explained by a sign I once saw on the wall in someones office：“Dont work harder._15_” There is a lot of sense in that idea.If you cant get more time, and few of us can, the only solution is to improve the quality of the work. That means thinking of ways to get more out of _16_time than we might otherwise get. That should lead us to an analysis of our work habits. Since “work” for students usually means“homework”， the expression “work habits” should be read as “_17_ habits”Then, as a smart student, you will _18_those skills that you use in study，_19_reading and writing. If you learn to read better and write better, there are big benef