2020版高考英语一轮复习课时提能练38Inventorsandinventions（含解析）新人教版.docx

课时提能练(三十八).阅读理解A(2019兰州实战考试)Mark is always engaged in his work.But this time he felt that it was time for him to take part in his community，so he went to the neighborhood meeting after work.The area city councilwoman was leading a discussion about how the quality of life was on the decline.The neighborhood faced many problems.Mark looked at the charts taped to the walls.There were charts for parking problems，crime，and for problems in empty buildings.Mark read from the charts，“Police patrols cut back，illegal parking up 20%”People were supposed to suggest solutions to the councilwoman.It was too much for Mark.“The problems are too big”，he thought.He turned to the man next to him and said.“I think this is a waste of my time.Nothing I can do would make a difference here.”As he neared the bus stop on his way home，Mark saw a woman carrying a grocery bag，and a baby.As Mark got closer，her other child，a little boy，suddenly ran into the street.The woman tried to reach for him，but as she moved，her bag shifted，and groceries started to fall out.Mark ran to take the boys arm and led him back to his mother.“You gotta stay with your mom，”he said.Then he picked up the stray groceries and the woman smiled in relief.“Thanks，”she said，“youve got great timing.”“Just being neighborly，”Mark said.As he rode home，he glanced at the walls of the bus.On one of them was“Small_acts_of_kindness_add_up”Mark smiled and thought，“Maybe thats a good place to start.”【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要叙述了Mark去参加社区会议时，发现社区里存在很多问题，但他觉得自己对解决这些问题起不了多大作用。在回家的路上，他帮助了一个妇人，这件事情让他改变了自己的态度。1What was being discussed when Mark arrived at the neighborhood meeting?AThe high price of groceries.BThe education problem of children.CThe worsening of the quality of life.DThe housing conditions in the community.C细节理解题。根据第一段中的“leading a discussion about how the quality of life was on the decline”可知，他们正在讨论生活质量如何下降的问题。特别是下文的一些细节也在暗示着生活质量在变差，如“The neighborhood faced many problems”“for parking problems，crime，and for problems in empty buildings”“The problems are too big”等都说明了这个问题。故答案为C。2Whats Marks opinion about the community problems according to the first paragraph?APeople could solve the problems by themselves.BHe didnt have the ability to solve such problems.CHe didnt have enough time to solve the problems.DPeople were too selfish to help others solve the problems.B推理判断题。根据第一段中的“I think this is a waste of my time.Nothing I can do would make a difference here”可知，Mark认为讨论这件事情是浪费时间的，同时他觉得在这里他不能做什么产生影响的事情，这也就意味着Mark认为他没有能力解决这些问题。故答案为B。3What does the underlined sentence“Small acts of kindness add up”mean in the last paragraph?AAll small acts will add to kindness.BEveryone should try his best to do good deeds.CAll small kind acts can make people grow up quickly.DEveryone can play his own part to make things better.D句意理解题。根据上文内容可知，Mark帮助了一位邻居，这个小小的友善的行为得到了邻居的感谢。Mark觉得这是一个好的开始，每个人都能做好自己的部分使生活变得更好。故答案为D。【干扰项分析】A选项意思是“所有小的行为都会增加友善”，与画线句表达的意思不符，画线句表示“友善的小行为会积少成多。”4What can we learn from this passage?AMark always played an active part in community activities.BVisual aids were used to display the seriousness of problems.CMany people were discouraged by the problems faced by them.DThe city councilwoman was responsible for the falling of life quality.B推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Mark looked at the charts taped to the walls”以及第二段中的“As he rode home，he glanced at the walls of the bus”可知，视觉上的辅助工具能被用来显示一些问题的严重性。故答案为B。B(2019长春质检)Can exercise during childhood protect you against memory loss many decades later？Exercise early in life seems to have lifelong benefits for the brain，in rats at least.“This is an animal study，but it shows that physical activity at a young age is very importantnot just for physical development，but for the whole lifelong track of cognitive(认知的) development during aging，”says Martin Wojtowicz of the University of Toronto，Canada.“In humans，it may delay the appearance of Alzheimers disease(阿尔茨海默病)，possibly to the point of preventing it.”Wojtowiczs team divided 80 young male rats into two equal groups，and placed running wheels in the cages of one group for a period of six weeks.Around four months laterwhen the rats had reached middle agethe team taught all the rats to connect an electric shock with being in a specific box.When placed in the box，they froze with fear.Two weeks later，the team tested the rats in three situations：exactly the same box in the same room，the same box with the room arranged differently，and a completely different box in a different room.The rats without access to a running wheel when they were young now froze the same percentage of times in each of these situations，suggesting they couldnt remember which one was dangerous.But those that had been able to run in their youth froze 40 to 50 percent less in both changed box settings.“The results suggest the amount of physical activity when were young，at least for rats，has influence on the brain and cognitive healthin the form of better memorieswhen were older，”says Arthur Kramer of Northeastern University in Boston，who has found that，in humans，exercise promotes the growth of new brain cells.【语篇解读】本文为说明文，介绍了一项科学研究，从而得出早期锻炼对大脑终生有好处的结论。5The study shows that _Aphysical activity is important for physical healthBusing the running wheels is of benefit to the rats growthCphysical activity can prevent humans Alzheimers diseaseDthe more exercise a rat has when young，the better memory it will possess when olderD细节理解题。根据第一段内容尤其是第二句“Exercise early in life seems to have lifelong benefits for the brain，in rats at least”可知，早期锻炼似乎对大脑终生有好处，至少对老鼠来说是这样的。故选D项。6How are Paragraphs 3 and 4 mainly developed?ABy analyzing causes.BBy giving an example.CBy describing the process.DBy showing differences.C写作手法题。根据第三段的“Wojtowiczs team divided 80 young male rats into two equal groups.Around four months later.they froze with fear”和第四段的“Two weeks later，the team tested the rats in three situations”可知，本文第三、四段描述了Wojtowicz的研究小组对老鼠进行实验的过程。C项意为“通过描述过程”，故选C项。7What does the underlined word“it”in Paragraph 2 refer to?AExercise. BDevelopment.CBenefit.DStudy.A代词指代题。根据第二段的“but it shows that physical activity at a young age is very important”及“In humans，it may delay the appearance of Alzheimers disease(阿尔茨海默病)”可知，身体活动很重要，对人类来说，它可能会推迟阿尔茨海默病的出现。因此“it”在文中指的是“physical activity”，A项与其同义，故选A项。8What is the authors attitude towards the animal study?ANegative. BObjective.CCritical.DDoubtful.B观点态度题。通读全文可知，作者介绍了对老鼠进行实验的过程及其结果，并引用数据进行说明，由此可知作者对动物研究的态度是很客观的。B项意为“客观的”，故选B项。.完形填空(2019惠州调研)As an older student at your school，do you sometimes feel a kind of responsibility？I was lucky enough to be named one of our prefects(级长)My _1_ has so far meant that Ive had to help with school meetings，events，and many _2_ across the school.One of the events was a soccer tournament for 7th and 8th year prefects in September.We had to _3_ a soccer team made up of several prefects for the tournament._4_ at the soccer field on the day of the tournament，we were full of _5_ that our _6_ and age would be enough for us to win._7_，we had underestimated(低估) the situation.The younger students quickly started dominating us，and _8_ beat us.We were _9_ of the competition after the first game!Having been _10_，we realized that our size and age really didnt _11_，as the younger students were not intimidated(威胁)However，although we were defeated，we were able to talk to the _12_ students afterwards，which was quite _13_After our pitiful attempt at _14_ soccer，we had to help referee(裁判) the final few _15_Refereeing was a difficult task，as a bad _16_ could cost a team the game._17_ for me，there were no extremely difficult decisions.After refereeing，we were all given dinner and the student leaders and the younger kids all _18_ together.At that moment I _19_ the true job of a prefectwe are here to _20_ the school.【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。作为学校的一名级长，作者参加了学校举行的足球比赛，由此获得了一些感悟。1A.job Bcure Cenquiry DopportunityA根据下文中的“help with school meetings，events”可知，这些是级长的工作内容。job“工作，职责”；cure“治愈”；enquiry“询问”；opportunity“机会”。2A.activities Bteachers Clibraries DprofessorsA根据上文中的“meetings，events”可知，此处表示学校里的许多活动。故选A。3A.suspect Bform Cquarrel DchallengeB根据语境可知，此处表示我们(作为级长)不得不组成一支球队参加比赛。suspect“怀疑”；form“形成，组成”；quarrel“争吵”；challenge“向挑战”。4A.Attending BAiming CGuiding DArrivingD此处表示比赛那天我们来到足球场上。arrive at“到达，抵达”。5A.curiosity Bpossibility Cpity DconfidenceD根据下文中“that our _6_ and age would be enough for us to win”的提示可知，我们充满信心。curiosity“好奇心”；possibility“可能性”；pity“怜悯”；confidence“信心”。6A.mask Bstrength Cspeed DsizeD根据下文中的“we realized that our size and age”可知，应选D项。mask“面具”；strength“力量”；speed“速度”；size“大小，尺寸”。7A.Besides BTherefore CAlthough DHoweverD根据下文中的“we had underestimated(低估) the situation.The younger students quickly started dominating us”可知，此处与上文提到的有信心赢得比赛形成转折关系，故选D。8A.previouslyBhardly Ceventually DfirstlyC根据语境可知，年轻的学生很快控制了比赛并最终取得了比赛的胜利。previously“先前”；hardly“简直不”；eventually“最终”；firstly“首先”。9A.knocked out Bknocked atCknocked on Dknocked offA根据上文中的“The younger students quickly started dominating us，and _8_ beat us”可知，我们被淘汰(knocked out)了。10A.scolded Bdefeated Cblamed DpraisedB根据上文中的“and _8_ beat us”和下文中的“we were defeated”可知，此处表示我们被击败。scold“责骂”；defeat“击败”；blame“责怪”；praise“表扬”。11A.rise Bclarify Cmatter DgoC在被击败之后，我们意识到体型和年龄并不重要。rise“升起”；clarify“澄清”；matter“重要”；go“去”。12A.senior Byounger Ccleverer DsmarterB根据语境可知，此处表示我们赛后和那些年轻的学生交流。13A.anxious Bpleasant Cupset DdelightedB赛后和那些年轻的学生交流，那是令人愉快的。anxious“令人忧虑的”；pleasant“令人愉快的”；upset“沮丧的”；delig