西电专业英语阅读Chapt.8Sub-clauses.ppt

Sec. 1 The adverbial clause,Some special conjunctions,until,Translate the following sentence: 直到我们认识到了计算机的有用性后才能 充分理解它的能力和局限性。 在1996年之前，Gary 在IBM工作。,before,Translate the following sentences: Something must be done to the amplified signals before they are sent to the transmitting antenna. 物体将继续运动一段距离，之后会停下来。,while While energy is the capacity to do work, power is the quantity of work in unit time. While there has been an enormous amount of literature about ATM over the past two years, many networking books have not focused on ATM itself.,Translation,虽然x只能处于 1和+1之间，但对应于每个x值却有无限个y值。 男性易患心脏病而女性则易得糖尿病。,as The force of gravitational attraction between two bodies decreases as the distance between them increases. cp. with the rise in temperature,Sec. 2 The noun clause,The subject clause,It + link verb + predicative + that,显然: It is clear evident; apparent; obvious that 还尚不清楚: It is not clear evident; apparent; obvious yet,It + passive voice + that 众所周知: It is well known that 人们说；据说: It is said that 据报道: It is reported that 人们相信: It is believed that 可以看出: It can be seen that 已经表明: It has been shown that （人们）已经发现: It has been found that 必须记住: It must be remembered that 必须指出: It must be pointed out that 应当注意: It should be noted that It must be emphasized that : 必须强调,It + vi./semi-aux. + that It remains to be shown：有待于证明 It does not matter : 是没有关系的 It makes no difference : 是没有区别的 (由此)得知: It follows (from)that,Translation,显然，该方程有两个根。 应当注意，欧姆定律只适用于金属导体。 两个数相加的顺序是没有关系的。 现在有待于确定该级数何时收敛。,The appositive clause,有证据表明: There is evidence that 毫无疑问: There is no doubt that 完全有可能: There is every possibility that 不能保证: There is no guarantee (assurance) that 的优点是: has the advantage that 是否这一问题: The question whether 人们越来越认识到 ：There is a(n) growing (increasing) awareness (recognition) that,Translation,毫无疑问，该方程无解。 有证据表明，这一陈述是正确的。 这类天线的优点是它能接受其周围可能存在的任何信号。 现在人们越来越认识到，这些技术在其它一些领域中也是很有价值的,A mistake Chinese students often make:,这是由于在PN结两端存在一个电容之故。 This is due to that there is a capacitance across the PN junction.,What-clause,Try to translate: 重要的是,Cases where what-clause is used: A phrase having a modifier but no antecedent Unnecessary to mention the core word To avoid repetition,Translation,人们所希望的 我们所需要的 这篇论文所述的内容 从我们已了解的知识 将要发展起来的语言是一种全世界人们都能理解的语言。,Some sentence patters: What it is/was What we call (name;term; know as; refer to as),Translation,西电与原来大不一样了。 大小、方向和作用点就是我们所说的一个力的三要素。,A mistake Chinese students often make：,所谓的实数系 : the so-called real number system,Sec. 3 The relative clause,A writing technique,核武器毕竟是人类制造的，它们一定会被人类所销毁。 Nuclear weapons which are after all created by man certainly will be eliminated by man.,许多美国孩子尽管在童年时没有多少优越条件，但凭着努力出人头地了。 Many Americans who had few advantages in their childhood have worked their way into prominence.,由于使用了新的望远镜，天文学家已获得了更加准确的宇宙信息。 More accurate information about the universe has been gained by astronomers who have used new telescopes.,食物如果存放过久，就会腐烂。 Food which is kept too long decays.,Some special relative pronouns Where The relationship between voltage, current and resistance can be written as V=IR, where I represents current. When Many of the younger buyers are turned off by the poor quality of modern goods and are looking for a stronger and firmer era, when things were built to last. Whose AC is the current whose direction changes periodically.,Restrictive relative clauses introduced by “preposition+ relative pronoun”,频率取决于仪器被设计的目的。 机器正常运转的温度是28。 做功的速率被称为功率。,A question,In which case of translation should we realize that a relative clause should be introduced by preposition + relative pronoun?,Relative clauses beginning with “of which”,Mistake correction: I have two sisters, both of them are students. Translation: 自然界有一百多种元素，其中92种已经被发现。,Non-restrictive relative clauses introduce by “which”,An example Simplification results if one axis coincides with one of the forces, which is always possible.,Translation,火箭的运行并不取决于空气存在，这（一点）在1916年就得到了证明。 n2是偶数，这表明n是偶数。,Non-restrictive relative clauses introduced by “preposition + which + noun”, 在这种情况下 , 这时,Non restrictive relative clauses introduced by “as” 正如 顾名思义 shows as the their; its name indicates , implies suggests,The relative pronoun is omitted in some cases.,The problem of rapid travel is one every international traveler will come across some day. In this case the power in the load will be the maximum the sour