对西方年轻人体育消费的分析.ppt

Analysis of Estonian Youth Sport Consumption,Mart Haruoja University of Jyvskyl,Introduction:,Several surveys have been carried out on youths sports participation, however the cost of their sporting activities, as related to the family income and expenses, has been rather neglected in Estonia.,The goals of the present research is to discribe and explane the structure of sports consumption expenses among Estonian and Russian speaking students in sport and they are divided as following:,1) to study the cost of students sport participation, depending on the existing models,2) to study the expenses made by families to guarantee students sport participation,3) to pay particular attention to differences in sport-related expenses for Estonian and Russian students,4) to approach the survey systematically and propose an innovated model for further studies.,The study focuses on the influence of social variables (gender, age, nationality, and region) and economic variables (income) involved in sports participation and sports consumption of 8 18 year-old students in Estonia.,In the first years when Estonia regained independence economy was on decline. Athletes had to manage almost entirely on their own whereas no resources were available for popular recreational sports.,Experts around the world from different professional, governmental and non-governmemtal backgrounds are currently increasing their efforts to promote sport participation for all people.,Methods:,Socio-economic analyses of sport consumer behaviour include both social and economic components.,The social approach analyses how differences in taste, i.e. sport preferences, can explain variances in cultural and economic capital (Bourdieu, 1979).,The economic approach addresses the issue of the price of various sports, and indentifies to what extent the price of sports influences its participation (Taks, 2003).,The main conclusion here is that nationality is not the hindering factor for sports participation.,TOTAL FINANCIAL COSTS TOTAL DIRECT COSTS TOTAL INDIRECCOSTS FEES GUIDANCE EQUIPMENT TRAVEL SOCIAL OTHER member lessons clothing km price refresh- medical fees ment licenses training equipment parking club body care camps activities entrance guided other other extra fees holidays necessities public insurance transport rent of documen- equipment tation,The results of the survey confirmed the hypothesis that the main annual expenses on children sport activities are a good indicator to differentiate between cheap and expensive ones.,By the popularity of sports: On the first place are swimming with 17,5%, second are football with 16,5% third are dancing with 9,4%. basketball with 7,5%, track and field with 6,3%,cycling with 4,7%, tennis with 4,6%, judo with 2,9%, aerobics with 2,0%, volleyball with 2,0%.,Figure 4. Years of practising in favourite sport,The strongest positive relation exists between nationality and region of a student, the corresponding coefficient of Spearman correlation being 0.452*. Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed). This relation clearly shows the overwhelming majority of Russian youth in East Estonia, reaching 90% in Sillame.,There is quite strong negative relation between the nationality and income of the family, the coefficient of Spearman correlation being 0.383*. Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed).,This relation shows that Russian youth live in families with lower average income. However, this is not really a great hindrance for their sports participation than in the case of Estonian youth as was shown before.,A positive relation was observed between the gender and living standard that hinders sports participation. This relation shows that the familys living standard is a greater hindering factor for boys than girls, as the boys sports participation is more expensive.,There was practically no relation between the age and the living standard hindering sports participation.,There is a positive relation between the income and the living standard hindering sports participation. The coefficient of Spearman correlation was 0.262*. Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed).,A conclusion can be drawn that in Estonia, contrary to surveys done in Finland, Belgium and Spain, the family income is one of the main hindering factors for students sports participation.,Discussion:,The question is - how to reduce the expenses on childrens sports activities.,The following proposals are made: to achieve the social agreement concerning priorities to lower the upper limit of expenses for sports activities,to introduce the system ” low budget for the young the adults will pay” on the example of Finland, families have to improve financial planning in order to guarantee their childrens sports activity,to increase the role of voluntary work to guarantee sports activities for children to cooperate for reduction of transport costs to use more second-hand sports clothes and footwear,It is obvious that this study could not cover all the aspects related to this wide field.,The current dissertation conceentrates mainly on the active students a