partvwriting问题解决型作文写法.ppt

,问题解决型（problem solution）,一、英语作文语言的形成过程 二、问题解决型作文写作方法和特点总结 三、习作实例讲解和句式总结,一、英语作文语言的形成过程,Simple Chinese,Simple English,Compound and complex English,写作实例 如果我们每个人都减少一次性塑料袋的使用，这对环境保护非常重要。,If each of us can reduce the usage of disposal plastic bags, it is very important to environmental protection.,第一步优化：句子结构优化（使用主语从句合成句子）,It is very important to environmental protection that each of us reduce the usage of disposal plastic bags in our daily life.,第二步：对词汇进行优化（四级词汇在写作中的应用）,It is very important to environmental protection that each of us reduce the usage of disposal plastic bags in our daily life.,significant essential,of vital importance,mean a lot,It means a lot to environmental protection that each of us reduce the usage of disposal plastic bags in our daily life.,minimize,二、问题解决型作文写作方法和特点总结,The Writing Method of the Passage 1:,A Problem Response Evaluation Structure,This is very commonly used structure in English. Normally, some part of a situation is introduced before the problem. Then, solutions are taken to solve the problem. Afterwards, some evaluation might occur in the actions taken.,Jimmy, was born with brain damage due to a lack of oxygen at his birth.,My mother taught Jimmy practical things.,My life revolved around Jimmys.,My father held the family together with his patience and understanding.,I protected Jimmy when the kids picked on him.,My father and Jimmy were inseparable and did everything together.,Problem,Response,Evaluation,WritingStructure Writing,Sample 1Part 1 of the Text,Writing Pattern,写作实践,随 笔,Example 2 from the Text,Problem:,Jimmy was a wreck when my father died of a heart attack in 1991. He was simply in disbelief. He now quit speaking all together. No matter how hard I tried, Jimmy could not accept the hard fact. (Para. 4) My mother died of lung cancer six months later and I alone was left to look after Jimmy. (Para. 5),问题解决型作文写作思路,亦可称为：解决问题型作文。 一般在首段现象描述，之后进行问题分析（原因或危害），最后提出建议措施,问题解决型试题回顾,08年12月英语四级作文真题 Limiting The Use of Disposable Plastic Bags 1.一次性塑料袋曾被广泛的使用 2.造成的问题 3.限制使用的意义,2010年6月,Topic：Due Attention Should Be Given To Spelling. 1. 如今不少学生在英语学习中不重视拼写 2. 出现这种情况的原因 3. 为了改变这种状况，我认为,现象描述段（正反）,2008-06： 娱乐活动多种多样 2011-06：现在网上购物已成为一种时尚 引出话题具体描述总结,2000年1月四级作文真题 How I Finance My College Education 1、上大学的费用可以通过多种途径解决 2、哪种途径适合于我（说明理由）,特点总结,1、目前存在某个问题 2、这种问题的危害或产生的原因 3、给出解决的方法,三、习作实例讲解和句式总结,Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic Global Shortage of Fresh Water on the outline (given in Chinese) below: 1、人们以为淡水是取之不尽的 2、实际上淡水是非常紧缺的 3、我们应该怎么办,STEP ONE: Content Analysis（内容扩展）,1、人们以为淡水是取之不尽的,freshwater,Various kinds of freshwater,rain,river,well,lake,2、实际上淡水是非常紧缺的,Short of freshwater,industry,population,pollution,drought,？,？,原因？,3、我们应该怎么办,We/students,scientists,government,Save,technology,institute laws,STEP TWO: Writing Process Analysis（写作分析）,General Requirement for Every Paragraph:,Topic sentence,Support sentence 1,Support sentence 2,Support sentence 3,1、人们以为淡水是取之不尽的,Fresh water,Various kinds,rain,river,well,lake,There are many individuals who hold the opinion that the worlds supply of freshwater is never used up.,topic sentence,According to them, there are so many kinds of sources as the rain, rive and lake, that it is always sufficient for use, which contributes to a shocking waste of water.,Support sentence,2、实际上淡水是非常紧缺的,Short of freshwater,industry,population,pollution,drought,As a matter of fact, human beings are confronted with the crisis of insufficient fresh water, which can be attributed to the following reasons.,topic sentence,Short of freshwater,population,pollution,It is known that the world population is growing rapidly day by day. So enough fresh water is needed to feed such a big population.,support sentence 1,Whats more, with the development of industry, factories and vehicles produce poisonous gases or wastes, which consequently results in the pollution of water.,support sentence 2,3、我们应该怎么办,We/students,scientists,government,save,technology,institute laws,As far as I am concerned, it is an urgent task for us students to do our part to save water in our daily life.,3、我们应该怎么办,scientists,technology,Second, scientists are expected to work even harder to purify sea water and polluted water, and try to find substitutes to reduce the use of fresh water.,3、我们应该怎么办,government,institute laws,Thirdly, governments are expected to launch campaigns against water pollution,问题解决型写作句式总结,首句引出现象 1. Nobody/ No one could have failed to notice the fact that kids lack of independence has become a grave problem in many families. 负面：a grave problem 练习：一次性塑料袋、水资源, 2008-12：一次性塑料袋曾经广泛使用,Nobody/ No one could have failed to notice the fact that white pollution has become a grave problem in the contemporary society. current,2019/7/10, 正面,a common/popular phenomenon/practice,首句2.,In the contemporary society, there is no denying the fact that + 客观事实（提纲1）. 练习：住房需求紧张问题,首句3.,On many campuses/ In the contemporary society/ In the present-day society/ In recent decades, the shortage of housing is one of the most serious problems with which people are confronted.,首句4(正反均可),Nowadays/In the present-day society/In recent decades, it can be noticed that children depend more on their parents than ever before. (比较级引出问题),练习：用比较级引出问题,网上购物 Nowadays/In the present-day society/In recent decades, it can be noticed that more people purchase items online than ever before.,首句5(正反均可)：,In the present-day society/ In recent years, it has become a prevalent/ prevailing tendency /trend/ practice for _人_ to _动作_.,首句6: （正面）,In recent decades, _ has/have gained great popularity among _. popularity public attention/publicity (负面),首句7,The past years /decades have seen /witnessed the huge/speedy advancement/ development of _.,2019/7/10,现象描述写作范例1：Unhealthy Living Habits,1. 现在很多大学生有不健康的生活习惯 2. 这些习惯的危害 3. 我的建议,2019/7/10,2019/7/10,你在写下篇作文时，将如何运用上面的方法写出多样的句型？,Dating Is Popular with College Students,Dating is a concept not far away from college students. On campus some lovers walk hand in hand, and some kiss or hug in public. When the majority of ones close friends are in committed (有密切关系的) relationships, to get rid of loneliness, some will date fellow classmates, while others are in long-distance relationships.,Different people show different attitudes. Young lovers say they have right and freedom to fall in love. Some parents think college students mature a litter faster, but its not good to start dating too early, and they should tell dating from marriage. Some teachers are worried that dating might be a great distraction (分散) from their schoolwork. School authorities (官方) neither encourage nor discourage it.,In my opinion, striking a balance between learning and dating is science as well as art. Students may benefit from these relationships. To balance work and play, they encourage each other to work hard. They can work more efficiently (有效率地) this way. So they get high grades while keeping a happy relationship. However, there are also some concerns: its a big deal for students to have a boyfriend or a girlfriend, and they should take their relationships seriously. When they love at first sight, they should love on second thought.,I. TOEFL作文题目1 Directions: You will have thirty minutes to plan and write an essay on the topic given below. Use the first few minutes to read the topic carefully and think about what kind of essay you will write. You may use the space immediately below the essay topic to make notes. Write your essay on the lined pages that follow. Yo