【高考辅导资料】2011届高考英语二轮专题复习学案：专题1_语法和词汇知识之名词性从句和状语从句

2011届高考英语二轮专题复习学案：专题一 语法和词汇知识之名词性从句和状语从句（8）（新课标）【专题考点】1 通过判断引导词在从句中的作用考查名词性从句的引导词2 重点考查what/that/wh-ever/whether/if 型等易混名词性从句3 it作形式主语、形式宾语4 九中常见的状语从句及其常用的连接词，尤其是时间、条件、地点、让步状语从句是考查的重点5 考查hardly/scarcelywhen; no soonerthan; sothat; as/though 用于倒装结构【典例探究】1、（2010全国卷IT33） We havent discussed yet _we are going to place our new furniture. A. that B. which C. what D. where 【解析】选D。句意：我们还没有谈论将把我们的新家具放在哪儿。通过分析从句中的结构，可判断出填空处需要连接副词。根据句意以及句中缺少的成分可知选D。【知识拓展】怎样确定填空处需要疑问代词还是疑问副词判断填空处需要疑问代词还是疑问副词，一是看句子的意思，二是看句子中缺少什么成分。例如：-Jane looks blue today.-Yes. But she doesnt want to tell us _ that she is worried. A. what is it B. what it is C. why is it D. why it is此题选D。一些学生误选B。认为句意是她不想告诉我们她担心什么。但是，what是疑问代词在从句中要作主语、宾语等。若选B，要在worried后面加上about才可以。选D，句意是她不想告诉我们她为什么担心，why在从句中作状语。由此题可知，做此类题时，一定要做到不仅看句子的意思还要看句子中缺少什么成分。2 、（2010江苏卷T35） I prefer shutting myself in and listening to music all day on Sundays. Thats _ I dont agree. You should have a more active life.A. where B. how C. when D. what【解析】选A。句意： 星期天我宁愿整天关在家里听音乐。 这就是我不同意的地方。你应该过更积极的生活。本题中agree 是不及物动词，后面不接宾语，所以排除D项；同时上下文中并没有涉及到方式和时间方面的信息，所以排除B项和C项。“在某方面与人观点不一致”应该是指抽象的地点，所以用where引导表语从句。3、（2010山东卷T26）Before the sales start, I make a list of _ my kids will need for the coming season.A. why B. what C. how D. which【解析】选B。句意为：在大甩卖开始前，我把孩子们在下个季节里要用到的东西列了一个清单。分析句子结构可知，从空格处到句子结束为介词of的宾语从句，空格处所填入的内容为从句中动词need的宾语，所以B项结构正确。which 引导名词性从句时多表示疑问且要有一个明确的范围。why, how为连接副词，在句中为原因或方式状语。4、 (2010 浙江卷T8)The experiment shows that proper amounts of exercise, if _ regularly, can improve our health.A. being carried out B. carrying out C. carried out D. to carry out【解析】选C。考查状语从句的省略用法，其完整的形式为“if they are carried out”。在if, unless, although, when, while等状语从句中，当从句主语和主句主语一致且从句中含有系动词be时，可以将从句的主语和be 动词省略。5 (2010重庆卷T32) Today ,we will begin_ we stopped yesterday so that no point will be left out.A. when B. where C. how D. what【解析】选B。句意：今天我们要从昨天停止的地方开始以便不会漏掉知识点。 when“当的时候”，引导时间状语从句；how“怎么样”； what “什么，所的”，引导名词性从句，须在句子中做宾语，主语或表语。where “的地方”，引导地点状语从句，既表具体的地点又表抽象的地点。根据题意可知B是正确答案。【跟踪演练】1 （2011辽宁抚顺六校联合体一模）Word came _ a gas explosion in a cold mine in northeast China Heilongjiang Province had killed 104 miners by Nov. 23 and left further 4 trapped, _ shocked everyone.A. that; it B. where; that C. that; whichD. when; it 2 （2011山东枣庄高三第一次质检）Today the world is paying much more attention to, obviously, _China says and does.A. that B. which C. what D. how3（2011陕西西安交大阳光中学模拟）Wang Gang didnt tell me _.A. when did they get there B. they get there when C. when they will get there D. when they got there4 （2010河北省唐山一中二模）16. A new library is being built _ there was a playground .A. thatB. in which C. whereD. when5 （2010河南省开封市二模）35 makes the peasant worker proud is he has set up a new bridge for the villagers.AWhat; thatBWhat; becauseCThat; whatDThat; because6（2010吉林省实验中学二模）8. Can you tell me the way _ I can improve my English?A. in which B. which C. by which D. at which7（2010江苏省南通市二模）22.He is eager to try something he has never tried before. Oh, I see. Thats _ hes different from others.A. when B. whereC. how D. what8（2010山东省威海市二模）30. _ that smells so good? It makes my mouth water. A. What isB. Is that whatC. What is itD. Is it what9（2010山西省大同五中二模）34.It took the early settlers more than 150 years to build up is now a modern city,A where B which C what D that 10. A growing anxiety is disturbing the public_the economy will continuously decline. A. which B. that C. why D. where11. The latest UK official studies show _fewer teenagers are now studying foreign languages. A. what B. which C. that D. whether12. With the nuclear crisis(危机)worsening in Iran, the worlds attention is fixed again on _is called the Middle East. A. which B. what C. that D. it13. The media today can draw public attention to _help is actually needed. A. that B. which C. where D. whose14. _is known to us all is that the old writer, for _life was hard in the past, still works very hard in his eighties. A. What; whom B. As; whomC. It; whose D. What; whose15. A reading room is _you can read newspapers and magazines as well as books. A. in which B. that C. where D. the place16. I think this trip was well worth _we had paid. A. that B. what C. which D. how17. Honesty is a kind of quality and thats _it takes to communicate with others successfully. A. what B. why C. how D. which18. Jim told us all that _he said so at the meeting was really true. A. that B. all C. what D. all that19. Nobody would stand out admitting the fact for some reason _they lost the game. A. that B. which C. what D. why20. Is there any particular soup you would like to have?_you select is all right with me. A. Whatever B. AnyoneC. No matter what D. Whichever21. She has been in_doctors describe as a vegetative(植物的) state for six years. A. what B. which C. that D. how22. The news came, as expected, _my cousin was chosen to be a foreign aid doctor to go to Africa where people are suffering a lot from AIDS. A. it B. that C. what D. which23. _you wear in an international conference should be stylish and clean, and must definitely fit well. A. What B. Which C. How D. That24. His parents try to do everything for him. Thats _they are mistaken. A. where B. when C. how D. wherever25. Jennifer, would you take a picture for us?Sorry, _I take pictures, they usually come out dull. A. before B. until C. when D. since26. As long as I can remember, _I called, his wife would answer the phone. A. however B. wheneverC. whatever D. whichever27. _most wolves rely on their groups for food, shelter and companionship, they have developed a system of signals to keep the groups together. A. Because B. Although C. Unless D. Where28. It is hard to find a job today. I might at least get some work experience _I dont get a good job. A. so that B. in caseC. now that D. even if29. Our holiday cost a lot of money. Did it? Well, that doesnt matter _you enjoyed yourselves. A. unless B. as far asC. as long as D. until30. The project wont carry on _we can get financial aid from the government. A. unless B. though C. whether D. until31. If you want to do the job once more, youd better be more careful _you make mistakes. A. where B. in caseC. so that D. when32. My mother likes everything in order, and she always reminds us to put things back_ we get them from. A. so that B. in which C. once D. where33. Why didnt you apologize to her?She drove away _I could say a word. A. before B. after C. until D. unless34._ , I could not memorize the text.A. However hard did I tryB. However hard I triedC. However I tried hardD. However I had tried hard35. They suggest the number of cars should be limited to stop air pollution. _, the idea is not very practical. A. Sounds good as it B. As it sounds goodC. As good it sounds D. Good as it sounds36. I dont understand why she steals things _she could easily afford to buy them. A. when B. as C. unless D. until37. This is a very interesting book. Ill buy it, _. A. how much may it costB. it may cost how muchC. however much it may costD. how may it cost38. Always put yourself in others shoes. _ you feel that it hurts you, it probably hurts the person too. A. If B. Unless C. Until D. Though39. _I appreciate the honor, I could not accept the position. I want to spend more time on my present program. A. While B. Since C. Yet D. So答案1 C2 C3D 4 C5 A第一个是what引导的主语从句，其中what在从句中充当makes的主语，第二个that引导的是表语从句6A7B8C9 C 宾语从句。考查引导词。从句缺主语只能用连接代词10.【解析】选B。考查名词性从句。that在句中引导同位语从句与前面的anxiety构成同位语, 解释说明前面的anxiety的内容。11.【解析】选C。考查宾语从句。本句句子结构完整无缺, that引导宾语从句时, 只起连接作用, 不作成分。12.【解析】选B。考查宾语从句。句意为：随着伊朗核危机的恶化, 中东再次成为世人关注的焦点。what is called the Middle East是介词on的宾语从句, what在从句中作主语。13.【解析】选C。考查宾语从句的引导词。结合题干, where引导宾语从句并且在宾语从句中作地点状语。14.【解析】选A。考查主语从句和定语从句。what在主语从句中作主语, 在定语从句中, 先行词为the old writer, whom为介词的宾语。15.【解析】选C。考查复合句。is后是表示地点的表语从句。假如看作定语从句而选the place, 后面应加上where或in which。16.【解析】选B。考查宾语从句。what从句作worth的宾语, what又作后面宾语从句中paid的宾语。17.【解析】选A。考查表语从句。what引导表语从句且在从句中作宾语。why和how都是连接副词不能作宾语, which虽可引导表语从句, 但意为“哪一个, 哪些”, 不符合题意。18.【解析】选A。考查主语从句。题干里的all作us的同位语, that为宾语从句的连接词。在that引导的宾语从句中含有主语从句, 并且主语从句结构完整, 故用that。 19.【解析】选A。考查同位语从句。they lost the game作the fact的同位语, 用以解释the fact的内容, 故用that引导。20.【解析】选D。考查主语从句。no matter what和anyone不能引导主语从句, 结合上句句意可知在一定范围内选择, 排除whatever, 故用whichever。21.【解析】选A。考查宾语从句。介词in后接宾语从句, 从句中缺少宾语, 排除选项D, 介词后的宾语从句用what而不用which引导, 排除B项。22.【解析】选B。考查同位语从句。that引导的同位语从句解释news的内容。23.【解析】选A。考查主语从句。what引导主语从句并在从句中作wear的宾语。how为连接副词不能作宾语, 连接词that引导主语从句时, 不作成分, which虽可以作宾语, 但词义不合适。24.【解析】选A。考查表语从句。句意：他的父母尽力为他做一切事情。这就是他们的错误所在。结合句意, 可排除选项B、C和D。25.【解析】选C。考查时间状语从句。when当时。答语解释了不能拍照的原因：当我拍照时, 照片总是模糊的。26.【解析】选B。考查状语从句。whenever引导时间状语从句, 意为“无论什么时候”, 其他选项均不符合句意。27.【解析】选A。考查状语从句。由句意可知前后为因果关系, 故用because。although尽管; unless除非, 分别引导让步状语从句和条件状语从句, 而where引导地点状语从句。28.【解析】选D。考查状语从句。句意为：现在找工作真难。即使我找不到好工作, 也至少可以获取工作经验。even if即使; in case万一; so that因此, 为的是; now that既然, 根据句意选D。29.【解析】选C。考查状语从句。句意为：我们的假期花了很多钱。是吗？只要你过得愉快没关系的。as long as只要, 符合句意。unless除非; as far as据, 就而言; until直到, 均不符合句意。30.【解析】选A。考查状语从句。句意为：除非我们能得到政府的财政支持, （否则）工程将无法继续开展。只有unless“除非”符合语境要求。31.【解析】选B。考查状语从句。in case引导目的状语从句, 意思是“以免, 惟恐”, 符合上下文的意思。如果选A, make应改为have made。32.【解析】选D。考查地点状语从句。句意为：妈妈喜欢井然有序, 她总是提醒我们把东西放回到我们取东西的地方。根据句意, 选D。so that为的是, 因此; once一旦; in which不能引导状语从句。33.【解析】选A。考查状语从句。句意为：你为什么没向她道歉呢？我还没来得及说话她就开车走了。before表示“还没来得及”, 符合句意。after在后; until直到; unless除非; 均与语境不符。34.【解析】选B。考查状语从句。句意为：无论我多么努力, 我也记不住课文。however无论如何, 符合句意, 不用倒装。35.【解析】选D。考查as引导让步状语从句。句型为：adj. /adv. /n. (一般不带冠词)/v. (原形)+as+主语+谓语, 故本题选D。36.【解析】选A。考查状语从句。句意为：既然她能很容易地买这些东西, 我不理解她为什么要偷。when表示原因, 意为“既然”。as因为; unless除非; until直到; 均不符合语意。37.【解析】选C。考查状语从句。however在引导让步状语从句时结构为：however+adj. /adv. +主语+谓语, 故选C。38.【解析】选A。考查状语从句。根据语境“要经常站在别人的立场上（思考问题）, 如果你觉得它伤害了你, 它也会伤及别人”, 可知, 此处表示条件, 意为“如果”, 故选A项。39.【解析】选A。考查状语从句。while尽管, 引导让步状语从句; 符合句意。since由于; 自从; 引导原因或时间状语从句。yet和so常连接并列句。【真题在线】1 (2010全国卷IIT10)Have you finished the book？- No. Ive read up to _ the children discover the secret cave.A.which B.what C.that D. where2（2010北京卷T 33） some people regard as a drawback is seen as a plus by many others.A. Whether B. What C. That D. How3（2010四川卷T14）How much one enjoys himself travelling depends largely on he goes with, whether his friends or relatives.A. what B. who C. how D. why4 （2010浙江卷T9）It is uncertain _ side effect the medicine will bring about, although about two thousand patients have taken it.A. that B. what C. how D. whether5.（2010 陕西卷T 18）It never occurred to me _ you could succeed in persuading him to change his mind. A. which B. what C. that D. if6（2010上海卷T 36）One reason for her preference for city life is she can have easy access to places like shops and restaurants.A. that B. how C. what D. why7.（2010上海卷T 37） When changing lanes, a driver should use his turning signal to let other drivers know A. he is entering which lane B. which lane he is enteringC. is he entering which lane D. which lane is he entering8. （2010北京卷T 31）. I want to be liked and loved for I am inside.A. who B. where C. what D. how9. （2010北京卷T 32）Part of the reason Charles Dickens loved his own novel, David Copperfield, was _ it was rather closely modeled on his own life.A. what B. that C. why D. whether10. （2010福建卷T 35） We should respect food and think about the people who dont have _we have here and treat food nicely.A. thatB. which C. what D. whether11. （2010湖南卷T35）Cindy shut the door heavily and burst into tears. No one in the office knew she was so angry.A. whereB. whetherC. thatD. why12. （2010天津卷T14）As a new graduate, he doesnt know it takes to start a business here.A. howB. whatC. When D. which 13. （2010重庆卷T25）To improve the quality of our products ,we asks for suggestions _ had used the products.A. whoever B. who C. whichever D. which14 (2010四川卷T20) Because of the heavy traffic, it was already time for lunch break she got to her office. A. since B. that C. when D. until15 (2010上海卷T 34) you may have, you should gather your courage to face the challenge.A. However a serious problem B. What a serious problemC. However serious a problem D. What serious a problem16.（2009全国卷T 24）Could I speak to _is in charge of International Sales please?A. who B. what C. whoever D. whatever17.（2009全国卷T 10）All the dishes in this menu, _otherwise stated, will serve two to three people. A. as B. if C. though D. unless18. （2009北京T 31）At first he hated the new job but decided to give himself a few months to see _it got any better. A. when B. how C. why D. if19. （2009山东T 28）The little girl who got lost decided to remain _she was and wait for her mother. A. where B. what C. how D. who 20. （2009山东T 32） Shall we have our picnic tomorrow? _it doesnt rain. A. Until B. While C. Once D. If 21. （2009湖南T 28） She is very dear to us. We have been prepared to do_ it takes to save her life. A. whichever B. however C. whatever D. whoever 22.（2009湖南T 34）_the police thought he was the most likely one, since they had no exact proof about it, they could not arrest him. A. Although B. As long asC. If only D. As soon as23.（2009浙江T 12）Is there any possibility _you could pick me up at the airport?No problem. A. when B. that C. whether D. what24. （2009辽宁T 30）It just isnt fair:_ I was working as a waiter last month, my friends were lying on the beach. A. whenever B. though C. for D. while25. （2009江苏T 31）_unemployment and crime are high, it can be assumed that the latter is due to the former. A. Before B. Where C. Unless D. Until 26. （2009江苏T 34） Many young people in the West are expected to leave _could be lifes most important decisionmarriagealmost entirely up to luck. A. as B. that C. which D. what 27.（2009陕西T 13）My parents dont mind what job I do _I am happy. A. even though B. as soon asC. as long as D. as though28.（2009陕西T 17）The how-to book can be of help to _wants to do the job. A. who B. whomever C. no matter who D. whoever29.（2009江西T 33）The fact has worried many scientists _the earth is becoming warmer and warmer these years. A. what B. which C. that D. though 30.（2009天津T 7）It is obvious to the students _they should get well prepared for their future. A. as B. which C. whether D. that31.（2009重庆T 27）Peter was so excited_ he received an invitation from his friend to visit Chongqing. A. where B. that C. why D. when32.（2009重庆T 31）We should consider the students request _the school library provide more books on popular science. A. that B. when C. which D. where33. （2009福建T 33）She had just finished her homework _her mother asked her to practise playing the piano yesterday. A. when B. whileC. after D. since34. （2009四川T7）News came from the school office _Wang Lin had been admitted to Beijing University. A. which B. what C. that D. where35.（2009四川T 12）Owen wouldnt eat anything _he cooked it himself. A. until B. since C. unless D. while36. （2009安徽T 27）A good friend of mine from _I was born sho