【BS英国标准】BS EN 818-2-1997 升降用短节链.安全.第2部分 吊链用中等公差链条.8号.doc

british standardshort link chain for lifting purposes safetypart 2: medium tolerance chain for chain slings grade 8the european standard en 818-2 : 1996 has the status of abritish standardics 53.020.30| bs en818-2 : 1997|licensed copy: shu athens, sheffield hallam university, 10/06/2008 06:43, uncontrolled copy, (c) bsi|no copying without bsi permission except as permitted by copyright lawbs en 818-2 : 1997committees responsible for thisbritish standardthe preparation of this british standard was entrusted to technical committeemhe/1, upon which the following bodies were represented:british cable makers confederation british chain manufacturers association british forging industry associationbritish iron and steel producers associationbritish ports associationbritish railways boardcastings technology internationalcoporation of trinity housedepartment of trade and industry (national physical laboratory) drop forging research associationengineering equipment and material users association federation of users of construction equipment and cranes federation of wire rope manufacturers of great britain health and safety executiveinstitution of incorporated executive engineerslifting equipment engineers associationlloyds register of shippingministry of defencenational association of lift makersthis british standard, having been prepared under the direction of the engineering sector board, was published under the authority of the standards board and comes into effect on15 april 1997licensed copy: shu athens, sheffield hallam university, 10/06/2008 06:43, uncontrolled copy, (c) bsibsi 1997the following bsi references relate to the work on this standard:committee reference mhe/1draft for comment 92/80474 dcisbn 0 580 26467 xamd. no.datetext affectedamendments issued since publicationlicensed copy: shu athens, sheffield hallam university, 10/06/2008 06:43, uncontrolled copy, (c) bsibs en 818-2 : 1997contentspage committees responsible inside front cover national foreword ii foreword 2text of en 818-23bsi 1997ibs en 818-2 : 1997licensed copy: shu athens, sheffield hallam university, 10/06/2008 06:43, uncontrolled copy, (c) bsinational forewordthis british standard has been prepared by technical committee mhe/1 and is the english language version of en 818-2 : 1996, published by the european committee for standardization (cen).en 812-2 : 1996 was produced as a result of international discussions in which theunited kingdom took an active part.compliance with a british standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations.summary of pagesthis document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i and ii, the entitle page, pages 2 to 10, an inside back cover and a back cover.iibsi 1997european standarden 818-2norme europe enneeuropa ische normjune 1996ics 53.020.30descriptors: lifting chains, welded chains, chain links, steels, lifting slings, safety, accident prevention, hazards, dimensions, chemical composition, mechanical properties, tests, verificationenglish versionshort link chain for lifting purposes safety part 2: medium tolerance chain for chain slings grade 8chanes de levage a maillons courts se curite partie 2: chane de tole rance moyenne poure lingues en chanes classe 8kurzgliedrige rundstahlketten fu r hebezwecke sicherheit teil 2: mitteltolerierte rundstahlketten fu ranschlagketten gu teklasse 8this european standard was approved by cen on 1996-03-07. cen members are bound to comply with the cen/cenelec internal regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this european standard the status of a national standard without any alteration.up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the central secretariat or to any cen member.this european standard exists in three official versions (english, french, german). a version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a cen member into its own language and notified to the central secretariat has the same status as the official versions.cen members are the national standards bodies of austria, belgium, denmark, finland, france, germany, greece, iceland, ireland, italy, luxembourg, netherlands, norway, portugal, spain, sweden, switzerland and the united kingdom.ceneuropean committee for standardization comite europe en de normalisation europa isches komitee fu r normungcentral secretariat: rue de stassart 36, b-1050 brusselslicensed copy: shu athens, sheffield hallam university, 10/06/2008 06:43, uncontrolled copy, (c) bsi1996 copyright reserved to cen membersref. no. en 818-2 : 1996 epage 9en 818-2 : 1996bsi 1997forewordthis european standard has been prepared bytechnical committee cen/tc 168, chains, ropes,contentspagelicensed copy: shu athens, sheffield hallam university, 10/06/2008 06:43, uncontrolled copy, (c) bsiwebbing, slings and accessories safety, of which thesecretariat is held by bsi.this european standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by december 1996, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawnat the latest by december 1996.this european standard has been prepared under a mandate given to cen by the european commission and the european free trade association and supports essential requirements of eu directive(s).the other parts of en 818 are:part 1: general conditions of acceptance;part 3: medium tolerance chain for chain slings grade 4;part 4: chain slings grade 8;part 5: chain slings grade 4;part 6: chain slings instructions for use and maintenance.a further part or parts will cover fine tolerance chains for chain hoists and other lifting appliances.this is the first edition of this part of en 818. according to the cen/cenelec internal regulations,the national standards organizations of the followingcountries are bound to implement this european standard: austria, belgium, denmark, finland, france, germany, greece, iceland, ireland, italy, luxembourg, netherlands, norway, portugal, spain, switzerland and united kingdom.foreword 20 introduction 31 scope 32 normative references 33 definitions 34 hazards 35 safety requirements 46 verification of safety requirements 57 marking 78 manufacturers certificate 79 instructions for use 7annexesannex a (informative) calculation of dimensions, working load limits andmechanical properties 8annex b (informative) weight of chain 9annex c (informative) designation systemfor chain (medium tolerance) grade 8100 introductionthis european standard has been prepared to be a harmonized standard to provide one means of complying with the essential safety requirements of the machinery directive.en 292-2 : 1991 safety of machinery basic concepts general principles for designpart 2: technical principles and specificationsthe directive stipulates that where chain with welded links is used for lifting accessories it is to be of short link type and for the purposes of this standard this is chain having a ratio of nominal pitch to nominal size of 3 : 1.en 292-2 : 1991a/1 : 1995safety of machinery basic concepts general principles for designpart 2: technical principles and specificationslicensed copy: shu athens, sheffield hallam university, 10/06/2008 06:43, uncontrolled copy, (c) bsithe extent to which hazards are covered is indicated in the scope of this part of en 818. in addition, lifting equipment shall conform as appropriate to en 292 for hazards which are not covered by this standard.annex c gives a designation system for recording the identifying features of grade 8 short link chain. since this system is not widely used it has been included in this first edition of this standard as an informative annex; however, should its use become more generally accepted then the status of the information wouldneed to be reviewed.1 scopethis part of en 818 specifies the requirements related to safety for short link lifting chains, grade 8, of medium tolerance for use in chain slings and for general lifting purposes. they are electrically welded round steel short link chains, heat treated and tested and conforming to the general conditions of acceptance in en 818-1.the range of nominal sizes of chain covered by thispart of en 818 is from 4 mm to 45 mm.the hazards covered by this part of en 818 are identified in clause 4.the bases for calculation of tabulated values for dimensions, working load limits and mechanical properties are given in annex a.annex b gives information on weight/metre of chain. annex c gives an example of a designation system forchains.2 normative referencesthis european standard incorporates by dated or undated reference, provisions from other publications. these normative references are cited at the appropriate places in the text and the publications are listed hereafter. for dated references, subsequent amendments to, or revisions of, any of these publications apply to this european standard onlywhen incorporated in it by amendment or revision. for undated references the latest edition of the publication referred to applies.en 292-1safety of machinery basic concepts general principles for designpart 1: basic terminology methodologypren 818-1short link chain for lifting purposes safetypart 1: general conditions of acceptancepren 818-6short link chain for lifting purposes safetypart 6: chain slings instructions for use and maintenancepren 1050safety of machinery risk assessmentiso 643steels micrographic determination of the ferritic or austenitic grain size3 definitionsfor the purposes of this part of en 818 the definitions given in en 818-1 apply.4 hazardsthe release of a load due to failure of lifting accessories such as slings or their component parts puts at risk either directly or indirectly the life or health of those persons within the danger zone of lifting equipment.in order to provide the necessary strength anddurability of lifting accessories, this part of en 818 lays down requirements for the design, selection ofmaterials of construction and testing to ensure that specified levels of performance are met.fatigue failure has not been identified as a hazard when chain having the specified levels of performance given in this part of en 818 is used in general lifting service.since failure can be caused by incorrect choice of grade and specification of lifting accessories this part of en 818 also gives the requirements for marking and the manufacturers certificate.those aspects of safe use associated with good practice are given in pren 818-6.table 1 contains all the hazards which require action to reduce risk, identified by risk assessment as being specific and significant for short link chain (medium tolerance) grade 8 for lifting purposes.table 1. hazards and associated requirementshazards identified in annex a of pren 1050relevant clause of annex a of en 292-2 : 1991/a1: 1995relevant clause/subclause of this standard1.1.5mechanical hazard due to inadequacy of strength..454.2.4.175 safety requirements5.1 generalthe chain shall also conform to the appropriate requirements of en 818-1.5.2 dimensions5.2.1 nominal size of chain, dnthe nominal size of chain shall be one of the sizes listed in table 2 column tolerance on material diameter (except at the weld)the tolerance on material diameter for each nominal size of chain shall be in accordance with table 2 column weld diameterthe maximum diameter at the weld for each nominal size of chain shall be in accordance with table 2 column 3. the thickness of the steel at the weld shall nowhere be less than the actual diameter of the steel adjacent to the weld.licensed copy: shu athens, sheffield hallam university, 10/06/2008 06:43, uncontrolled copy, (c) bsitable 2. dimensionsdimensions in millimetres(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)nominal sizednmaterial diameter toleranceweld diameterdsmax.pitchinternal widthaway from weldw1min.external width over the weldw2max.pnpmax.pmin.456781013161819202223252628323640450,160,20,240,280,320,40,520,640,9111,11,21,31,31,41,61,822,34,45,56,67,78,81114,317,619,820,92224,225,327,528,630,835,239,64449,5121518212430394854576066697578849610812013512,415,518,521,624,730,940,249,455,658,761,86871,177,380,386,598,911112413911,614,617,520,423,329,137,846,652,455,358,26466,972,875,781,593,11051161315,26,57,89,110,41316,920,823,424,72628,629,932,533,836,441,646,85258,514,818,522,225,929,63748,159,266,670,37481,485,192,596,2104118133148167licensed copy: shu athens, sheffield hallam university, 10/06/2008 06:43, uncontrolled copy, (c) bsi5.2.4 length dimensionally affected by weldingthe length dimensionally affected by welding, e, shall not extend by more than 0,6dn to either side of the centre of the link.5.2.5 pitch and widthsthe dimensions of the pitch and widths of the individual links and chain shall be as specified in table 2 columns 4 to 8, and illustrated in figure 1 of pren 818-1.5.3 materials and heat treatment5.3.1 quality of material generalwithin the limitations given in to it is the responsibility of the chain manufacturer to select the type of steel to be used so that the finished chain, when suitably heat treated, meets the mechanical properties specified in this part of en 8.2 type of steelthe steel used shall be produced by an electric process or by an oxygen blown process. deoxidationthe steel shall be fully killed, be stabilized against strain age embrittlement and have an austenitic grain size of 5 or finer when tested in accordance withiso 6.4 chemical compositionthe steel shall contain alloying elements in sufficient quantities so that the finished chain, when heat treated in accordance with 5.3.2, conforms not only to the mechanical properties specified in this part of en 818 but also possesses adequate low temperature ductility and toughness to provide resistance to impact loading.the steel shall contain nickel and at least one of the other elements in the minimum percentages shown in table 3.table 3. chemical composition alloying elementselementminimum mass content as determined by cast analysis%nickel0,40chromiummolybdenum0,400,15to ensure that chain is stabilized against strain-age embrittlement during service, the steel shall contain at least 0,025 % aluminium.the steel shall contain no more sulfur and phosphorus than the limits given in table 4.table 4. sulfur and phosphorus contentelementmaximum mass content as determined bycast analysis%check analysis%sulfurphosphorus0,0250,0250,0300,0305.3.2 heat treatmentall the chain shall be hardened from a temperature above the ac3 point and tempered before being subjected to the manufacturing proof force. the tempering temperature shall be at least 400 c.the tempering conditions shall be at least as effective as a temperature of 400 c maintained for a period of1 h. this requirement is the responsibility of the chain manufacturer. when proposed for verification, sample chains shall be tested after they have been reheated to and maintained at 400 c for 1 h and then cooled to room temperature; they shall conform to the requirements of 5.4.2 and .4 mechanical properties5.4.1 manufacturing proof force (mpf)all the chain shall be subjected to the manufacturing proof force specified in table 5, column 3 for the appropriate nominal size of chain.5.4.2 breaking force (bf) and total ultimate elongation (a)samples of chain in the finished condition shall have a breaki