Novel medical bed翻译原文新型病床

Novel medical bed Author(s)A. Tawfik ; Ahmed Hamdan ; Abdulrahman Azzam ; Yahya Ibrahim Abstract: The main objective of the proposed system is to simplify the process of taking care of a patient who cannot move and permanently lies on a bed. Lying on a bed for long time brings in a number of health problems: The first and main issue is the rotten skin and/or ulcers. The second is the patients inability to reach the bathroom. This proposed medical bed is meant to solve both issues through a unique design that rotates the patient and provides an innovative designed lavatory for cleansing. By using an android tablet connected to the Arduino microcontroller via Bluetooth, the caretaker can rotate the bed to either direction to move the pressure away from the back of the patient, and to control the sliding lavatory to start cleansing. The bed operates in two modes: A manual mode that engages the caretaker in the rotation process and an automatic mode that rotates the bed every two hours. The maximum angle of rotation is determined based on measuring the weight of the patient via load cells distributed throughout the bed. In addition, the smart bed includes sensors for some vital signs, such as heart rate, body temperature, air flow and Electrocardiography (ECG) signal. Published in: 2018 Advances in Science and Engineering Technology International Conferences (ASET) Date of Conference: 6 Feb.-5 April 2018 Date Added to IEEE Xplore: 11 June 2018 ISBN Information: INSPEC Accession Number: 17840700 DOI: 10.1109/ICASET.2018.8376899 Publisher: IEEE Conference Location: Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates No metrics found for this document. Advertisement SECTION I.Introduction The availability of good medical services in hospitals becomes a critical issue 12. The two main reasons for that is the increasing cost of medical care and the decrease in number of caretakers (such as nurses) 3. Such problem becomes more critical if the patient is suffering from lock-in syndromes. Taking care of those patients requires a lot of effort and concern. Therefore, it is important to provide technical solutions to help caretakers of those patients in hospitals or homes. In this paper, a medical bed is proposed for patients with full inability to move, patients who suffer from locked-in syndrome quadriplegia, long term coma, clinical deathetc. These patients require special care since they cannot move at all. Taking care of them includes moving them to a side of their bodies every two hours 4 as well as cleansing them. Currently, these patients are lying on a normal bed that does not move, thus does not help the people who take care of them to do their job properly. They have to go through the traditional exhausting process that involves manually turning them, which is inconvenient due to several reasons. One of these reasons is the patients heavy weight, which makes it hard for the care taker to rotate the patients body. In addition, a rotation every two or three hours means that someone should be frequently available to do the job; including the night times. Accordingly, the aim of this proposed novel medical bed is to make a bed that simplifies the process and automates it when needed; namely, a bed that rotates automatically every two or three hours. The bed has moving parts that are controlled by electrical buttons, and has programmed positions for the automated part. The bed also includes a solution for cleansing the patients wastes since they are not able to go to bathroom by themselves. For this reason, the bed has a central portion that goes down and a specifically designed lavatory that slides to remove the wastes. In addition, the bed has measurement tools (sensors) for vital signs 5. These tools measure heart rate, body temperature, respiratory rate and weight sensors (load cells). These sensors give feedback in case something goes wrong, and initiate an alarm to inform the person in charge so he/she can check if the patient requires any attention and make the necessary procedures. For extra safety, a CCTV camera connected to a Wi-Fi network is added. This camera could be connected to the caretakers smartphone so he/she can follow up the patients status. The camera is attached to the bed itself. This camera is useful for the cases where no fixed camera is available (such as in homes). SECTION II.Design and Implementation The implementation of the bed consists of both hardware and software. The hardware part as shown in Fig. 1 consists of Iron which constructs the frame of the bed, 12 V DC, motor driven jacks to lift the bed (a total of nine jacks are used), two 12 V DC motors for the cleansing part movement. An Arduino Microcontroller is used to control the movement of the jacks and the cleansing part motors, and to get measurements from vital signs sensors and load cells. These measurements are effective in the automatic mode. Fig. 1 Hardware structure A user starts an application program on an android tablet that is connected to the Arduino via Bluetooth. This application program provides a user interface that allows the user to control the movement of the bed. It also shows all the readings from vital signs sensors and load cells. For additional safety, a CCTV camera connected to a Wi-Fi network is installed. This camera, which is attached to the bed itself, can be connected to the caretakers smartphone so he/she can regularly check on the patient. SECTION III.Hardware System Description There are three main positions that serve the purpose of assisting both patients and caretakers. These positions help patients avoid having back ulcers. The first position is the typical one where the bed looks like a standard bed, as shown in Fig. 2. In the second position, the bed rotates to the right side, up to 40 degrees, which is the recommended angle by National Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panel 6, a range from 20 degrees to 40 degrees allows the patient to transform the pressure from his/her back to the right side of his/her body, as shown in Fig. 3. In the third and last position, the bed rotates to the left side, up to 30 degrees, allowing the patient to transform the pressure from his/her back to the left side of his/her body, as shown in Fig. 4. Fig. 2: Normal positionFig. 3: Rotated to rightFig. 4: Rotated to leftFig. 5: Cleansing part To achieve the previous three positions, nine jacks and two motors are used. Every jack is driven by a 12 V DC, and the two motors can be run on a car battery. Jacks are used in this project as they are seen to be enough to do the specified job (which is lifting the bed to reach the desired position). One jack is used to lift up to 1 metric ton and to reach positions (2) and (3), 4 jacks are used to reach the adequate height (two at each side as shown in Fig. 6). Electric jacks are not too expensive and operate cleanly (without oil). At this stage of the project, electric jacks are used to demonstrate the idea of moving the bed, but if the idea is to be implemented for the commercial use, another lifting mechanism could be applied. Since the automatic mode is mostly used when no one is directly involved in supervising the process of rotating the patient, the bed may cause some inconvenience to the patient. For example, a feeding or breathing pipe may get blocked, which may cause serious harm to the patient if proper procedures are not taken on time. As a safety procedure, a program is installed on the Arduino to force the bed to get back to position (1). The same program initiates an alarm to draw the attention of anyone nearby to make the needed adjustment. Data obtained from the vital signs sensors are the key component in determining if something goes wrong or not. Any source if inconvenience to the patient causes an increase in heart beat 7 or breathe rate (or both). If any of these two exceeds certain limit the bed acts as previously mentioned. Fig. 6: Used jacks at one side of the bed.SECTION III.Software & Interfacing with Arduino The main software used in this project is Arduino IDE. Its function is to control every motor of each jack and the two motors responsible for the cleansing part. Regarding the jacks, they have their own safety mechanism (not to break when fully closed or fully opened). To be able to use this saftey mechanism, relay modules are used. Two active low 8 channels relay modules are used to simulate “up” and “down” buttons of each jack and one active low two channels relay module is used to control the left portion of the bed. Cleansing part motors are controlled by BTS7960 43A Motor Driver (one for each motor). They are programmed to rotate the motors left or right depending on the movement needed. To measure the weight of the patient, twelve load cells are implemented and distributed throughout the bed, and to interface them with Arduino, HX711 24-bit analog to digital converter module is used. Each four load cells are connected to one HX711 module, so a total of three HX711 modules are used. Vital signs sensors (except the pulse sensor) are interfaced through eHealth sensor shield v2.0, while the pulse sensor is directly connected to the Arduino Microcontroller. To develop the Android App that controls the bed, Android Studio platform provided by Google is used. The app initiates Bluetooth connection with the Arduino microcontroller first, and it has multiple screens (activites); each screen is responsible for a specific aspect of the bed. For example, there is a screen for “manual mode”, a screen for “automatic mode”, a screen for vital signs measurementsetc. The app sends commands (to control the bed) and receives data (measurements of the sensors) in a convenient user interface. Bed Movement As mentioned previously, Arduino Mega is responsible of every movement of the bed, it is programmed to accept input from the user and move as desired. In addition, it is programmed to accept feedback from vital signs sensors to contribute to the automated mode of the bed. The user (in other words the care taker) will be able to interact with/control the bed through the 8” android tablet. This tablet is the main control unit of the bed. The app has the following main features: Choosing operation mode (manual or automatic). 。 Moving the bed to the desired position. Displaying vital signs measurements in real time. The bed operates in two modes: Manual mode and automatic mode. In the manual mode, the app displays buttons to allow the user to move the bed to any desired positon or height (the Arduino is programmed not to exceed a certain height to avoid any accident to the patient, or any damage to the bed). In the automatic mode, the buttons disappear and the positions allowed are only positions (1), (2) and (3). The bed holds its position for two hours, and then it rotates to the next position. This feature is extremely helpful at night since care takers are no longer required to wake up every 2 hours to rotate the patient, as the bed does the job automatically. Sensors Overview Vital sign sensors are connected to the Arduino microcontroller through the eHealth sensor shield v2.0. The sensors and the shield are a complete compatible kit manufactured by Libelium. Fig. 7 and Fig. 8 show the complete kit. Fig. 7: The complete kitFig. 8: eHealth sensor shield v2.0 Ehealth sensor shield v2.0 is placed on top of the Arduino Mega and all the data obtained by the sensors are processed in eHealth sensor shield v2.0, then it is sent to Arduino Mega. Concerning the data, the latter is responsible for two things: First, it is displayed on the tablet, and second it is an essential component in the automated mode. 1. In the proposed system, five different types of sensors, shown in Fig. 9, are used to take measurments of vital signs and the weight of the patient and they contribute to the smart functions of the bed. The five sensors are: 2. 在拟议的系统中，五种不同类型的传感器(如图9所示)被用来测量生命体征和病人的体重，它们有助于b的智能功能。爱德。这五个传感器是：3. Airflow Sensor (Breathing) 4. 气流传感器(呼吸)5.6. Electrocardiogram Sensor 7. 心电图传感器8.9. Body Temperature Sensor 10. 体温传感器11.12. Heart Rate Sensor 13. 心率感应器14.15. load cell 16. 测压元件Fig. 9: Used sensorsSECTION IV.Comparison with Current Solutions Currently there are few solutions for controllable/smart medical beds such as MedBed 8, 4-Way Fold Care Bed 9, Freedom Bed by ProBed Medical 10. 目前关于可控/智能医疗床的解决方案还不多，如MedBed8、4路折叠护理床9、探索医学自由床10。 The proposed MedBed in 8 does not concern the patients who suffer from lock-in syndromes. It gives the patients who can move a smart way using IoT to take control of themselves without depending on nurses. The 4-Way Fold Care Bed in 5 necessitates substantial intervention by the caretaker and pillows to support the patient, while our proposed novel bed requires minimal human intervention and pillows are not needed. In addition, the proposed novel medical bed outperforms the 4-way Fold Care Bed by allowing automatic mod. This feature allows the bed to operate without the need of intervention of the care takers making it extremely helpful at night times, when they are no longer required to wake up every 2 hours to rotate the patient, as the bed does the job automatically. 建议中的MedBed8并不涉及那些患有闭锁综合症的患者。它给了病人一个聪明的移动方式，使用物联网来控制自己，而不依赖于护士。在5中的4路折叠护理床需要管理员和枕头的大量干预来支持病人，而我们建议的新床需要最少的人工干预和不需要枕头。此外，提出的新型医疗床的性能优于4路折叠护理床，允许自动模式。这个特性使床可以在不需要Interventi的情况下操作。当他们不再被要求每2小时醒来旋转病人，就像床自动完成工作一样，护理人员在夜间使它变得非常有帮助。1. The proposed smart medical bed outperforms both the 4-Way Fold Care Bed 5 and the Freedom Bed by ProBed Medical 6 from the following features: 2. 通过探索医学6，所提出的智能医疗床的性能优于四重护理床5和自由床6，其特点如下：3. The proposed smart medical bed outperforms both the 4-Way Fold Care Bed 5 and the Freedom Bed by ProBed Medical 6 from the following features: 4. 通过探索医学6，所提出的智能医疗床的性能优于四重护理床5和自由床6，其特点如下：5.6. Measuring Weight: The bed is equipped with 12 load