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Lecture 5 正译与反译,英汉两种语言中,都有从正面或者反面来表达某一种概念的现象。因此,为了使译文重视而呵护语言习惯地传达原文的意思,有时必须把原文中的肯定说法(正说)变成译文中的否定说法(反说);或者把原文的否定说法(反说)变成译文的肯定说法(正说),这种方法叫作正说反译和反说正译法,有时简称正译和反译。,Introduction,I dont think Tom is correct. 我不认为汤姆是不对的。 我认为汤姆不对。 我想小李明天不会来了。 I think Xiao Li wont come tomorrow. I dont think Xiao Li will come tomorrow Are you not going tomorrow? B. No, Im not going. 甲:你明天不去吗? 乙:是的,我不去。 Africa is not kicking out Western Imperialism in order to invite other new masters. 非洲不踢出西方帝国主义为了请进其它新的主子 非洲踢出西方帝国主义并不是为了请进其他新的主子。,正说与反说: 英语里含有no, not, never, non-, de-, un-, dis-, im-, ir-, -less等成分的句子, 汉语里含有不、非、没、别、休、莫、勿、毋、未、否等成分的词句,都称为否定说法,简称反说。 相反,英、汉语中不含这些成分的词句成为肯定说法,简称正说。原则上讲,最好是正说正译,反说反译,但在实践中,两者的正反表达形式有时不能吻合,必须进行正反的转换。,正说反译,正说反译:原句以“正说”的形式出现,译文则须采取“反说”的形式来表达。这些“正说”的句子里往往包括有否定含义的单词或词组,虽然以肯定形式出现,但表达的却是否定的意义。翻译时要按其隐含的否定意义译成汉语中的否定句。,1. The world today is far from peace. 2. The beauty of the park is more than words can describe. 3. Be sure to lock the door when you leave. 4. The first bombs missed the target. 5. Such a chance was denied me. 6. D you know why XiaoWang is always trying to avoid you?,英译汉,7. The child managed to keep himself from falling. 8. They would fight to death before they surrendered. 9. The city and the areas around it are an ice-free port and a nuclear-weapon-free zone. 10. The wood bridge is anything but safe. 11. We cannot finish the work in the absence of these conditions.,英语中含有否定意义的词或结构,动词或者动词短语:deny(拒绝,即没有答应),lack(缺乏,即不足),refuse(拒绝,即否认,没有答应),escape(逃避,即没有被发现),resist(抵抗,即没有放弃),reject(拒绝,即没有答应),decline(拒绝,即没有答应),doubt(怀疑,即不太确信),wonder(想知道,即不明白),fail(失败,即没有完成),exclude(排除,即没有接受,不包括),overlook(没有注意到),cease(终止,即没有坚持),neglect(没有注意到),forbid(不许),give up(放弃,即没有坚持),refrain from(不允许),lose sight of(不管),keep up with(不落后于),savefrom(使不),shut ones eyes to(不看),to say nothing of(更不用说),not to mention(更不用说),protect (keep, prevent)from(不让),keep off(不接近),keep out(不让进入),turn a deaf ear to(不听,不顾),fall short of(不足),live up to(不辜负),dissuadefrom(劝不要),keepdark(不把说出去),名词: neglect(没有注意到),failure(失败,即没有完成),refusal(拒绝,即否认,没有答应),absence(不在,缺少),shortage(不足),reluctance(不情愿),ignorance(没有注意到),loss(没有),exclusion(排除,即没有接受,不包括),lack(缺乏,没有),negation(拒绝,即否认),Greek to(对一无所知)等。,形容词或者形容词短语: far from(远不,一点也不),free from(不受影响),safe from(免于),short of(缺少,不足),ignorant of(不知道,没有注意到),independent of(不受的支配),impatient of(对不耐烦),deficient(缺乏),devoid of(不具有,缺乏),alien to(不同),foreign to(不适合,与无关),blind to(看不见),far and few between(很少),absent from(不在),different from(不同),reluctant to(不愿意),less than(少于,不多于),dead to(对没有反应),the last(最后的,即最不愿意,最不配,决不),介词或介词短语: past(超过),above(不低于),without(没有),beyond(超出),instead of(而不是),in vain(无效,没有),in the dark(一点也不知道),at a loss(不知所措),but for(要不是),in spite of(不管),at fault(出错),against(不同意),before(还没有就),below(不到),beside(与无关),but(除之外),except(除之外),from(阻止,使不做某事),off(离开,中断),under(在之下,不足),within(不超出),beneath(不如,不足),beneath ones notice(不值得理睬),out of(不在里面,不在状态),out of the question(不可能),in the dark about(对不知),玛丽来得正是时候。 直到我做完作业,我才弄懂这个原理。 我的鞋湿了,只好光着脚走回家。 我非常赞成你的看法。,汉译英,Mary couldnt have come at better time.,I didnt understand the principle until I completely finished my homework,I had to walk home with no shoes on for theyve got wet.,I couldnt agree with you more.,为了提高工作效率,公司非常关注工人们的权利。 这个国家目前正在以空前的规模发展其工业。 博物馆内所有物品禁止触摸。 我一和他接触,就决心要深入了解他。,On no occasion has the corporation neglected the rights of the workers for higher efficiency.,This country is now expanding its industry unprecedently.,All the articles are untouchable in the museum.,No sooner had I come into contact with him than I determined to get to know him well.,反说正译,Dont hesitate to tell us if you have a problem. He is not afraid to call a spade a spade even when it comes to government. You might have been more careful. An opportunity is not likely to repeat itself.,英译汉,Jim manifested a strong dislike for this man. He returned home with no hope on his face. It will not be long before we meet again. There is no material but will deform more or less under the action of forces.,常见的带有隐含肯定意义的词组或单词主要有:,notuntil(直到才),nottoo(越越好),none but(只有),nothing but(只有,只不过),nothing more than(仅仅),no soonerthan(刚一就),none other than(不是别的人或物而正是),none the less(依然,仍然),not but that(虽然)make nothing of (对等闲视之),for nothing(徒然,免费),not onlybut also(不仅而且),notlong before(很快就),no more than(仅仅,只是),no other than(只有,正是)等,同学们都认真地说:“我们绝对不辜负老师们的期望。” 没有到规定时间,不要离开考场。 我宁愿住在旧房子里也不要主导那幢新楼里去。 我警告过他,但他置若罔闻。,汉译英,All the students said seriously, “Well for ever live up to what the teachers expect of us!,Dont leave the examination hall until the fixed time.,I would rather live in the old house than in the new apartment.,I gave him some good advice, but he made light of it.,其它一些否定句的翻译,部分否定 All that glitters is not gold. Both the windows are not open. Everybody does not believe the rumor. They are not always in the office on Sundays.,英语中的所谓部分否定,是指代词或者副词如all, both, every, everybody, everyday, everyone, many, everything, entirely, altogether, absolutely, wholly, completely, everywhere, always, often等与否定词not搭配使用。,全部否定 None of my friends smoke. Our great motherland has never before been so prosperous as it is today. Nothing in the world is difficult fo

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