我们在说一个句子时不仅要考虑谓语要用适当的时态语态.ppt

我们在说一个句子时不仅要考虑谓语要用适当的时态，语态，还要注意谓语动词必须在人称和数上与主语一致,主谓一致的定义,主谓一致的三原则：,一、语法一致原则 一般来说，语法形式是单数的主语，谓语动词用单数形式，语法形式是复数的主语，谓语动词用复数形式。 E g: （1）The number of errors was surprising.错误之多是惊人的 （2） We love our motherland .,二、 意义一致原则 主语形式虽为单数，但在意义上却为复数，谓语动词应采取复数形式. 主语形式虽为复数，但在意义上视为单数，谓语动词应采取单数形式。 E g（1）The crowd were fighting for their lives. 这些人正为生存而战斗。 （2）Three years in a strange land seems like a long time . 在异乡生活的这三年，仿佛是很长的时间。,三、就近原则 谓语动词根据它前面最邻近的名词或代词或其他词的数的形式，来决定其自身的数的形式。 E g(1) Not only his children but also he himself wants to go there . (2) Either my wife or I am going to work there .,(1)There _a lamp, two pens and three books on the desk. (2)Here _some envelopes and paper for you (3)Not only his family but also he _ Chaplins movies.,is,likes,1、当作主语的两个名词或代词由or ,eitheror ,neithernor,not only but also连接时， 2、由引导的句子,主语不止一个时, 谓语动词通常和邻近的名词或代词相一致.,are,主谓一致的几种 情况,N and N +单形动词,A poet and novelist has visited our school.,一位诗人兼小说家参观了我们学校。,The singer and dancer _from Guangxi.那个歌舞演员来自广西,comes,两个或两个以上的并列主语连接时，如果表示同一概念表示同一人物或观点，谓语动词用单数,N and N +复形动词,A poet and a novelist have visited our school.,Wu Dong and Wu Xi _twin brother.,are,两个或两个以上的并列主语连接时，如果表示不同概念表示不同人物或观点，谓语动词用复数。,class /family/audience/+单形动词,他的家族是一个大家庭。,His family is a big one.,作主语用的集体名词作为一个整体看待時，谓语动词可用单数。,The committee _10 members.,was made up of,class /family/audience +复形动词,他的家人都很好。,His family are all well.,作主语用的集体名词若就其中各个成员来考虑，谓语动词则用复数,The committee_ in the hall.,were,team group party club company government audience class enemy,(表示抽象),The +adj. +单形动词,美就是真。,The beautiful is the true.,(表示该类全体),The +adj. +复形动词,The rich are not always happy.,有钱的人未必是快乐的。,The sick are being taken good care of at the hospital. The young respect the old and the old respect the young ,too.,1、She as well as the other students _how to type. 2、Our school, with some few schools,_in the 1950s. 3、A professor , together with some students ,_a new laboratory.,主语而后面跟有besides,including,as well as ,with ,together with ,like ,but,except等短语是，谓语动词不受这些短语影响,只根据主语而变化单复数。,has learned,was built,was moved into,（）Two hours _enough for us to finish the experiment. （）en dollars _too cheap for the pair of shoes. （3）Fifty kilograms _not to heavy to be carried .,is,表示数目、时间、金额、距离、重量的名词复数作主语时，谓语动词用单数。,is,is,One hundred cents make a dollar. 100美分就是一美元。 如果强调数目，谓语动词用复数,(1) Each of us _the book . (4) Somebody _ waiting for you at the gate of the school. (5) Nobody _ to go there .,由anyone,anybody,anything, everybody ,everyone,everything,someone ,somebody,something,no one ,nobody,nothing,each,the other等不定代词作主语时谓语动词用单数,has read,is,is,(1)None _ a great deal of the school. (2)None _ been found. (3) Neither of them _interested in English.,knows,/,know,has,/,have,none neither 作主语时谓语动词可用单数也可用复数,is/are,To see is to believe. Seeing is believing. What he said is important.,动词不定式，动名词，名词性从句作主语时，谓语动词用单数。,在定语从句中，谓语动词总是与先行词保持一致。,1、He is one of the st