八年级人教版下册知识点学习与巩固：unit3couldyoupleasecleanyourroom

Unit 3 Could you please clean your room?词组1. could you please你能吗？/请你干.好吗？ 2. do the dishes 洗餐具3. sweep the floor清扫地板 4. take out the trash倒垃圾 5. make ones bed铺床 6. fold ones clothes叠衣服 7. clean the living room 清扫客厅 8. stay out late晚归 9. his fathers reason他父亲的理由 10. get a ride搭车 11. use ones computer 使用某人的电脑 12. hate sth./to do sth.讨厌某事/做某事13. do the laundry=do some washing=wash clothes洗衣服14. make breakfast, make dinner, do some cooking 做饭 15. wash the car刷车16. work on 从事，忙于 17. work at学习、致力于、在上下工夫 18. borrow some money借一些钱 19. invite sb. to do sth邀请某人做某事 20. go to the store去商店 21.agree sb. to do sth.同意某人做某事 22. agree with sb. =agree with what one says同意某人的意见23.（需了解） make a deal作成交易make a face做鬼脸；make a fool of捉弄，使出洋相make friends with与交朋友make a name for himself成名make a note of注意，记下来make free with擅自使用make fun of取笑makeinto把作成，使变成make it成功，到达某处make ones living维持生活make ones way to前往某处make room腾出地方make up编造make use of利用 24. borrow sth. from sb.向某人借某物(借入) 25. lend sb. sth.=lend sth. to sb.借给某人某物(借出) 26.ask for要求得到、要求见到 27. take care of = look after照顾、照看、照料take good care of=look afterwell 28. need some help需要一些帮助 29. come over过来 30. get angry生气 31. have a test考试 32. make a clean sweep of 彻底扫除知识要点1. -Could you please take out the trash ? 你能把垃圾倒掉吗？- sure . 当然可以。 could: (1) could表示请求，语气委婉，显得有礼貌。 eg. Could you please clean your room ? 你可以打扫你的房间吗？ 肯定回答：Yes , I can . / Yes , sure / Yes , of course . 是的，我可以。 否定回答：Sorry , I cant . I have to do my homework . 对不起，我不得不做作业。 另外Would you mind doing sth .也可表示请求。 eg . Would you mind cleaning your room ? 你介意去打扫你的房间吗？ No , Id like to .不，我很乐意。(2) could表示请求许可，希望得到允许。 eg . Could I (please) go to the movies ? 我能去看电影吗？ 肯定回答：Yes , you can . / Yes , sure . 当然可以。 否定回答：No , you cant .不，不行。 (3) could与can的区别 could与can都是情态动词，could是can的过去式。二者都可用于表示请求。但是用法稍有不同。 can表示一般性的请求，语气随便，常用于熟人之间或长辈对晚辈，上级对下级的场合； eg. Can you tell us your story , Tony ? Tony，你能给我们讲讲你的故事吗？ could表示有礼貌的请求，语气委婉，常用于非熟人之间或晚辈对长辈，下级对上级的场合。 eg. Could you tell us if it snows in winter in Australia ? 请告诉我们，澳大利亚冬天下雪吗？ Sure . 当然可以。 take out：意思是“取出、拿出”。这是一个动副词词组。名词放在out前或后都可以，但代词必须放在take和out中间。e.g. These apples went bad, please take them out. 这些苹果坏了，请拿出去。 He took out his food and began to eat. 他拿出食物，吃了起来。 2. I hate to do chores. 我讨厌做家务。hate 作动词，意为“ 讨厌，憎恨，不喜欢”，后面可跟名词、动词不定式to do 及动词-ing 形式作宾语，通常不用于进行时态。链接 hate 的反义词为love，love的用法与hate 相同，后面也跟名词、动词不定式to do 及动词-ing 形式作宾语。3. Do you like to do the laundry? 你喜欢洗衣服吗？I like to make breakfast. 我喜欢做早饭。 本单元用了不少以动词“make”和“do”带出的词组。一般来说，动词“make”多用于需要生产或建造的事物，而动词“do”则常与表示工作、责任和体力劳动的名词搭配。如：make a cake 做蛋糕 make a face 做鬼脸 make the bed 铺床 do exercise 做运动 do the dishes 洗餐具 do some shopping 买东西 so some washing 洗衣服典型例题1. Could you please (do) it again? 解析 答案：do。本题考查could you (I) please + 动词原形结构。2.-Could you help me take it to the classroom?- _.A. Yes, I could. B. No, I couldnt. C. Sorry, but yes. D. Sorry, I cant. 解析 答案：D。本题主要考察could 提问时，否定回答用cant,而不是用couldnt. 3.- Could I borrow your car? - Sorry, _ I need it. I _ go to a meeting.A. but, have to B. and, have to C. or, need D. /, neednt解析 答案：A。本题考查sorry, but固定搭配，这是英语习惯用法，but不翻译。4. Peter doesnt like to stay at home. He likes (be) outside.解析 答案：to be. 本题考查like to do sth. 喜欢做某事。like 后跟动词原形，be动词的原形仍然是be.5.That boy hates (swim). 解析答案：swimming 或to swim.本题主要考察hate to do或hate doing 结构。知识要点1. Could I invite my friends to a party? 我可以邀请我的朋友们来聚会吗？- No, you cant. 不，不可以。 invite， 邀请。常用在两个结构中：invite sb. to sth.(some place) 邀请某人到某地；invite sb. to do sth. 邀请某人做某事。e.g He invited his pen pal to China. 他邀请他的笔友到中国来。 Who invited you to climb the mountain? 谁邀请你们爬山的？2.borrow some money 借一些钱 borrow vt. 借入；借来 May I borrow your dictionary? 相关搭配 borrow sth. from 从借 borrow trouble 自找麻烦 辨析 borrow, lend, keep borrow: borrow sth. from sb. 从某人那里借 lend: lend sth. to sb. 把某物借给某人 keep: 本意为“保存，保留”，引申为“借用”，用于表示借用的时间长度，是延续性动词，可以和表示一段的时间状语连用。 这本书我能借多久？ How long can I borrow this book? (错) How long can I keep this book? (对)3. Thanks for taking care of my dog. take care of 短语动词，意为“照顾、照看、照料”，相当于look after。e.g. My mother takes good care of my dog every day. 妈妈每天悉心照料我的狗。 I cant go to school today. I have to take care of my mother at home. 今天我不能不上学了，我得在家里照顾我妈妈。4. Mine is at home. 我的在家里。 mine,名词性物主代词。相当于一个名词使用，在句中做主语、宾语等。其后不能再加名词。e.g Your backpack is here, mine is over there. 你的书包在这里，我的在那里 Your skin is lighter than mine. 你的皮肤比我的亮。 She is an old friend of mine. 她是我的一个老朋友。 Whose bag is this? Its mine. 这是谁的包？我的。辨析：my, 我的，I的所有格，形容词性物主代词，修饰名词。e.g my parents/ my feet/ my jacket 我的父母/ 我的脚/我的夹克衫 It wasnt my fault, I promise. 这不是我的错，我发誓。典型例题 1. - Are the physic problems difficult? - Yes. Very few students could _.A. work on them B. work it out C. work on it D. work them out解析答案 D。本题主要考察短语动词的含义。work on 致力于、从事；work out 算出。根据题意“这些物理题难吗？ 是的，很少有学生能算出来。”可知，应该用them来代替第一句中的physic problems。2. - Can I _ this book? - Yes, but you mustnt _ it to others. A. lend, borrow B. borrow, keep C. borrow, lend D. lend, keep 解析答案C。本题主要考查borrow和lend的区别。根据题意“我能借这本书吗？可以，但你一定不能借给别人。”可知，第一句用“借入”，borrow；第二句用“借出”，lend。3.- How long may I _ this book?- No more than three weeks.A. borrow B. keep C. lend D. had 解析 答案 B。本题主要考察how long 与延续性动词的搭配。borrow, 借入，非延续性动词。keep，借，延续性动词；lend，借出，非延续性动词；have, 买，延续性动词。根据题意“这本书我能借多久？不超过三个星期。”，选keep。4. I found an old toy of _ under the bed. A. me B. my C. mine D. I解析 答案 C。本题主要考察代词的用法。me，我，宾格，在句子中做宾语。my，我的，形容词性物主代词，后面加名词。mine，我的，名词性物主代词，单独使用，后面不能加名词。I，我，主格，在句子中做主语。根据句意“我在床底下找到了我的一个旧玩具”，此处mine相当于my toys.随堂达标一、根据汉语填入正确的单词。1. Could I (借) your new storybook, John?2. You can (邀请) your good friends for the dinner.3. Students shouldnt take (小吃) to the class.4. Please help me (喂养) my birds on the weekend.5. Ann, take good (照顾) of your little sister.二、填入适当的介词完成句子。1. My cousin often borrows books the library.2. Miss Li likes children and she often plays them.3. Does your brother often take his dog a walk after dinner?4. Thanks helping me do the housework.5. James invited me his new house for a visit last night.三、完成下列同义句转换，每空一词。1. We are going to take good care of your pet birds.We are going to your pet birds .2. I want to invite my friends to the school party.I want to my friends to the school party.3. They enjoyed themselves in the aquarium yesterday.They in the aquarium yesterday.4. He visited my house three days ago.He to my house three days ago.5. Lets go for a walk with the dog.Lets the dog .四、下列各句均有一处错误，请找出并改正。1. Could you please to clean the classroom?2. You may go out, but first you have to finishing your work. 3. I dont like math, so its too difficult. 4. Do they often play with he? 5. Could I borrow any money from you? 6. The scientist worked at the experiment(实验) for five years. 五、语法练习1. Thanks me such beautiful pictures.A. to send B. of sending C. and send D. for sending2. Could you get milk us?