高中英语语法句子成分.ppt

句子成分,英语的基本成分有八种： 主语（subject） 谓语（predicate） 宾语（object） 表语（predicative） 定语（attribute） 状语 (adverbial) 补足语 (complement） 同位语（appositive）,主语：是句子要说明的人或物，说明谓语所表示的动作或状态的执行者。名词（短语）、代词、数词、不定式（短语）、动名词（短语）、从句皆可做主语。,1) Mr. Lee is a well-known scientist. 2) He reads newspapers everyday. 3) Two and ten is twelve. 4) Smoking is harmful to the health. 5) To swim in that pool is a great pleasure. 6) What we shall do next is not yet decided.,谓语: 说明主语的动作或所处的状态。 谓语(predicate) 或谓语动词(predicate verb) 的位置一般在主语之后。谓语由简单动词或动词短语（助动词或情态动词主要动词）构成。,1) The new term begins on the 1st of September. 2) I would like to invite all my friends here. 3) I have tried this way three times. 4) We should pay attention to the English idioms. 5) He is working in the garden.,表语：是谓语的一部分，它位于系动词(如be,become)之后，与系动词一起构成复合谓语，说明主语的身份，特征，属性或状态等。单词、短语或从句均可充当表语。,1)Wangs father is a doctor. （名词） 2) He is always careless. （形容词） 3) The basketball match is on. （副词） 4) All the pupils are on the playground now. （介词短语） 5) Our aim is to win more medals. （不定式） 6) His work is teaching French. （动名词短语） 7) The question is who can really repair the machines. （从句）,宾语:表示动作的对象或承受者，一般位于及物动词或介词后面.,1) Wang Ling lent me a novel to read in the bus. （双宾语） 2) The medicine is good for this boy. 3) Do you understand what I mean? 4) My little sister always likes to ask questions. 5) Would you mind coming earlier tomorrow?,形式宾语：若宾语是动词不定式，动名词或从 句，可用it作形式宾语代替其位置，而将其到宾补之后。,I found it difficult to finish the task in time. Do you consider it any good sending more people there? We have made it clear that we disagreed.,Wang Ling lent me a novel to read in the bus. （双宾语） me 间接宾语 表示动作是对谁或为谁做的。 a novel 直接宾语 表示动作的直接承受者或结果。,定语:是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子，汉语中常用的表示。,Mary is a chemistry teacher.（名词作定语） He is our friend. （代词作定语） We belong to the third world. （数词作定语） He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.（形容词作定语） The man over there is my old friend. (副词作定语),The woman with a baby in her arms is my sister. (介词短语作定语) The boys playing football are in Class 2. （现在分词短语作定语） The trees planted last year are growing well now. （过去分词作定语） I have an idea to do it well. （不定式作定语） You should do everything that I do. （定语从句作定语）,状语：修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句，说明方式、因果、条件、时间、地点、让步、方向、程度、目的等。,1) She sings quite well. （副词） 2) On Sundays, there is no student in the classroom. （介词短语） 3) Arriving there, call me up. 4) The boy needs a pen to do his homework. 5) If I have some spare time, I will take up German. 6) He is very handsome.,补足语：用来补充说明宾语或主语的性质、状态。分为宾补和主补。,主补：对主语的补充。 He was elected monitor. She was found singing in the next room. He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.,宾语补足语:在宾语后面补充说明宾语的动作,状态,特征.,We elected him monitor. （名词作宾补） We will make them happy. （形容词作宾补） We found nobody in. ( 副词作宾补) Please make yourself at home. （介词短语作宾补） Dont let him do that. （省to不定式名词作宾补） His father advised him to teach the lazy boy a lesson. （带to不定式名词作宾补） Dont keep the fire burning. （现在分词名词作宾补） Ill have my bike repaired. （过去分词名词作宾补）,双宾语和宾补的区别,He gave me a book.(他给我一本书） 在这个句子中，me作间接宾语，a book作直接宾语。 如果一个句子中的某一个动词接了两个宾语，那么，指“人”的是间接宾语，指“物”的为直接宾语。而且，这两个宾语不能形成逻辑上的主谓关系，如，你不能说 I am a book. 如果一个动词后所接的两个宾语能够形成逻辑上的主谓关系，则是宾语和宾补的关系。例： We elected him monitor.在这个句子中，we作主语，elected作谓语，him为宾格，作宾语，monitor作宾语的补足语，而且，此句的宾语him可以和后面的monitor构成逻辑上的主谓关系，即：he is a monitor.,同位语 是在名词或代词之后,对其作进一步解释或说明，在语法上处于同等地位。名词、代词、数词、和从句等均可作同位语。如：,We student