情绪加工的脑时空动态机制.ppt

情绪加工的脑时空动态机制,Spatiotemporal Dynamics for Emotional Processing,美国圣路易斯大学医学院神经手术系脑磁研究中心;罗倩 美国国家卫生研究院心理健康研究所;彭聃龄 北京师范大学认知神经科学与学习国家重点实验室;刘宏艳,关键词,emotion; 情绪 brain; 大脑 fMRI; 功能磁共振成像 MEG; 脑磁图技术 spatial; 空间 temporal 时间,研究内容,Showing the neural basis for emotional processing at the subliminal level. 阈下情绪加工(相对于阈上水平)的神经机制 Spatiotemporal dynamics and func-tional connectivity between regions involved in emotional processing. 参与情绪加工的脑区之间的动态时空关系及功能联结 The interaction between emotion and attention. 情绪与注意之间的交互作用,阈上水平与阈下水平下的情绪加工,Can emotional stimuli receive biased processing and this could occur even subliminally？ 情绪刺激是否能够接受偏见加工以及这是否会在阈下水平发生？,阈上水平与阈下水平下的情绪加工,A region sensitive to emotional mani-pulation of the subliminal repetition priming effect, the left fusiform gyrus 左梭状回,对阈下重复启动效应的情感操纵敏感。 The involvement of the left fusiform gyrus in automatic affective priming effect 左侧梭形回参与了自动化情绪启动效应,阈上水平与阈下水平下的情绪加工,Both fMRI and MEG studies shown that even when presented at the subliminal level and unattended, emotional stimuli as distracters to targets are still pro-cessed in the brain (e.g. amygdala and visual cortex). 功能性磁振和脑磁图的方法表明,当呈现阈下水平刺激且未被注意到时,作为目标感受的情感刺激仍然在大脑中得以加工（例如杏仁核和视觉皮质）,阈上水平与阈下水平下的情绪加工,These studies demonstrated the neural basis for emotional processing at both sub- and supra-luminal level. 情绪加工的神经基础同时存在于阈上和阈下两个水平。 Amygdala and visual cortex are acti-vated even when emotional stimuli are unseen 杏仁核、视觉皮层即使在情绪刺激不可见的情况下也能被激活,情绪加工的脑时空动态机制,The amygdala is thought to be crucially involved in fast detection of environ-mental threat. 杏仁核被认为是对于环境威胁的快速侦测的至关重要的部位。 Dual-route hypothesis by LeDoux(1996) 双通道假说,情绪加工的脑时空动态机制,It is proposed that the amygdala re-ceives information on potential threats by two parallel routes: a crude but fast subcortical route thalamusamygdala) and a slower route allowing cortical analysis (thalamussensory cortex amygdala) (LeDoux, 1996) 杏仁核接收潜在威胁的信息有两条平行通路：一条是粗糙但是快速的皮质下通路（丘脑-杏仁核通路），另一条是允许皮质分析的慢通路（丘脑-感觉皮层-杏仁核通路）,情绪加工的脑时空动态机制,SAM，Synthetic Aperture Magneto-metry（合成光圈磁强）：MEG的源模型分析方法 A spatial filtering technique based on the nonlinear constrained minimum-variance beamformer. 合成光圈磁强是一种空间滤波技术,即基于最小方差的非线性约束的波束形成器,实验,Stimuli:fearful, angry or neutral expressions presented for 300ms followed by a 200ms blank screen. 所用刺激分为恐惧、生气和中性的表情，呈现300毫秒，紧随其后呈现一个200毫秒的空白屏幕。 A sliding window SAM analysis enabled us to obtain a spatio-temporal features starting from 150 ms before the stimulus to 500 ms after the stimulus. 我们能获得一个从刺激前150毫秒开始到刺激后500毫秒结束的时空特征,实验,Early event-related synchronizations (ERS) in response to fearful faces Hypothalamus/thalamus area (1020 ms) the amygdala (2030 ms). The ERS response seen to fearful faces in visual cortex (4050 ms) To an angry expressions the ERS response in the amygdala to angry expressions had a late onset (150160 ms),情绪和注意力的交互,Is emotional processing dependent or independent of attentional control? 情绪加工是依赖还是独立于注意力控制的呢? In Luo (2003, PhD dissertation), using fMRI, I modulated the attentional emand of the task and demonstrated how emo-tional processing although automatic, can also be modulated by attention. 情绪加工尽管处于自动化水平,但其同时也受到注意力的调制。,实验,Magnoencephalography and an advanced beamformer source locali-zation technique and the sliding window analysis are ideal for this purpose. 美国国家卫生研究所进行了一次脑磁图实验。运用到了脑磁图和高级波束形成源定位技术以及滑动窗口分析。,实验,This paradigm involved a 2 (task load: high, low) 2 (distracter: fearful, neutral) design. Each trial involved the participant responding to a stimulus array containing a face (fearful or neutral) 此实验为一个2（任务难度：高难度、低难度）2（干扰项：可怕的、中性的）实验设计，每一组试验中都包括了参与者对外界刺激组（其中包含一张恐惧或中性的面孔）的反应,情绪和注意力的交互,Amygdala automaticity was a function of time. Early amygdala responding to emotional stimuli (40 140ms) was unaffected by attentional load, later amygdala response (280410 ms), subsequent to frontoparietal cortex activity, was modulated by attentional load.,情绪和注意力的交互,The early amygdala response to emo-tional distracters may be automatic. 早期的杏仁核对情绪干扰项的反应是可以自动化的 the reduced time for frontoparietal cortex to augment the representational strength of task-relevant stimuli. 额顶叶皮质减少时间来增强事件相关刺激的抽象表现力,情绪和注意力的交互,In contrast,later amygdale response is modulated by task load because frontoparietal cortex has had sufficient time to augment the representation of task-relevant information. 相比之下，后期