高中语法专题系列——名词.ppt

,语法专题,系列讲座 I,Sophie,名词,1.名词的单、复数; 2.可数与不可数名词的转换； 3.名词作定语； 4.名词的搭配; 5.词语辨析；,高考考点分析,名词的单复数,问题1： - How many does a cow have? - Four. Astomaches Bstomach Cstomachs Dstomachies,A.以 s, sh, ch, x等结尾的名词变复数时加 es；但如果以 ch 结尾的名词发音为 k时，只加 s。 另外，以辅音字母 +y 结尾的名词变复数时，需将 y 变成 i，再加 -es；以元音字母 +y 结尾的则直接加 -s。以辅音字母加 y 结尾的专有名词变复数时，也直接加 -s。,问题2： The _ of the building are covered with lots of _. Aroofs; leaves Brooves; leafs Croof; leaf Droofs; leafs,B 以 f 或 fe 结尾的名词变复数时： a. 加 s，如：serf - serfs belief-beliefs roof-roofs chief - chiefs safe-safes gulf-gulfs； b. 去 f, fe 加 ves，如：half-halves knife-knives leaf-leaves wolf-wolves wife-wives life-lives thief-thieves； c. 均可, 如：handkerchief - handkerchiefs / handkerchieves,问题3： When the farmer returned home he found three _ missing. Asheeps Bsheepes Csheep Dsheepies,C.当sheep; deer; fish表示数量时，单复数同形；如果表示不同种类，则需加 s 或 es。 单复数同形的名词有： deer，sheep，fish，Chinese，Japanese, Swiss works, means, head,问题4： Some _ visited our school last Wednesday. AGerman BGermen CGermans DGermens,D.国家人的名词需要记住三种情况： 1、单复数同形：Chinese; Japanese; Swiss 2、需要变形：English - Englishman 3、加 s 或 -es：German Germans 详见下表。,1.6 不同国家的人的单复数 名称 总称(谓语用复数） 一个人 两个人 中国人 the Chinese a Chinese two Chinese 瑞士人 the Swiss a Swiss two Swiss 澳大利亚人the Australians an Australian two Australians 俄国人 the Russians a Russian two Russians 意大利人 the Italians an Italian two Italians 希腊人 the Greek a Greek two Greeks 法国人 the French a Frenchman two Frenchmen 日本人 the Japanese a Japanese two Japanese 美国人 the Americans an American two Americans 印度人 the Indians an Indian two Indians 加拿大人 the Canadians a Canadian two Canadians 德国人 the Germans a German two Germans 英国人 the English an Englishman two Englishmen 瑞典人 the Swedish a Swede two Swedes,问题5： _ will make a trip around the world during the coming Christmas. (1993 上海) A. The Evens B. The Evens C. The Evenses D. The Evenses,E.专有名词的复数与定冠词连用，常用来表示“一家人”或一家之中的两个或几个重要的人。如： - Who did you spend last weekend with? - _. (98上海) A Palmers B The Palmers C The Palmers D The Palmers,问题6： Mr. Smith has two _, both of whom are teachers in a school. Abrothers-in-law Bbrother-in-laws Cbrothers-in-laws Dbrothers-in law,F.以连字符号连接的合成名词一般将中心名词变成复数，如：managers-in-chief; fathers-in-law。如果没有中心名词就在该合成词的最后加 s。如：grown-ups。,附加问题： 1.以o结尾的名词只有hero, negro,tomato,potato加es，其它以o结尾有生命的名词加s,es两者都可. 例如：volcanos(es), mosquitos(es), rhinos(es),附加问题： 2.有些名词单数、复数意义不同，注意归纳记忆。,例如：advice 忠告 air 空气 ash 灰 advices 消息 airs 风度、神气 ashes 骨灰/灰烬,blue 兰色 brain 大脑 colour 颜色 blues 烦闷，忧郁 brians 聪明 colours 旗帜,compass 指南针 experience 经验 compasses 圆规 experiences经历,custom 风俗 damage 损害 fund 基金 customs 海关 damages 赔偿金 funds 现金 green 绿色 iron 铁 letter 信，字母 greens 蔬菜 irons 镣铐 letters 文学,back,名词的可数与不可数,问题1： He gained his _ by printing _ of famous writers. (NMET95) A. wealth; work B. wealths; works C. wealths; work D. wealth; works,A.抽象名词和物质名词被称为不可数名词。本题中 wealth 为不可数名词，works 作“作品”解，属单复数同形的可数名词。,问题2： Can you give us some _ about the writer? Ainformations Binformation Cpiece of informations Dpieces information,B.大多数不可数名词都不可能转化为可数名词，常见的有：information; news; advice; progress; fun 如： This is not a match. Were playing chess for _. A habit B hobby C fun D game (2001上海春季),问题3： Many people agree that _of English is a must in international trade today. (NMET96) A. a knowledge B. knowledges C. knowledge D. the knowledge,C.有些抽象名词和物质名词也可转化为可数名词，用来表示某种特定的意义。a knowledge of 表示“对有所了解“。又如： This meeting is a great success. 请看下面的可数与不可数名词的转化：,a. 当物质名词转化为个体名词时。 Cake is a kind of food. 蛋糕是一种食物。 (U) These cakes are sweet. 这些蛋糕很好吃。 (C) b. 当物质名词表示该物质的种类时，名词可数。 This factory produces steel. (U) We need various steels. (C) c. 当物质名词表示份数时，可数。 Our country is famous for tea. Two teas, please. 请来两杯茶。 d. 抽象名词有时也可数。 four freedoms 四大自由 the four modernizations 四个现代化 many interests 许多兴趣,back,名词作定语,问题1 The _ is just around the corner and you wont miss it. (01北京春季) A. bicycles shop B. bicycle shop C. bicycles shop D. bicycles shop,A.名词作定语一般用单数，但也有以下例外。 1) 用复数作定语。 如：sports meeting 运动会 students reading-room 学生阅览室 talks table 谈判桌 the foreign languages department 外语系 2) 有些原有s结尾的名词，作定语时，s保留。 如：goods train (货车) arms produce 武器生产 customs papers 海关文件 clothes brush衣刷,问题2 It took us quite a long time to get here. It was _ journey. （05北京春季） A. three-hour B. a three hour C. a three-hour D. three hours,B.“数词+名词”构成的合成词作定语时，这个名词一般保留单数形式。 如： a ten-mile walk； a five-year plan 但是如果不用连字符，就需用复数的所有格。 The village is far away from here indeed. Its _ walk. （04上海春季） A. a four hour B. a four hours C. a four-hours D. a four hours,问题3： There are only twelve _ in the hospital. Awoman doctors Bwomen doctors Cwomen doctor Dwoman doctor,man, woman, gentleman等作定语时，其单复数以所修饰的名词的单复数而定。 如：a man worker men workers a woman teacher women teachers a gentleman official gentlemen officials,back,名词的搭配,问题1 Weve missed the last bus. Im afraid we have no _ but to take a taxi. (N 19993) A. way B. choice C. possibility D. selection,A.可以将“ have no choice but to do ”视为一个结构，现在考查这类搭配的题有很多，如： I am sure David will be able to find the library he has a pretty good _ of direction.（05浙江卷） Aidea Bfeeling Cexperience Dsense 类似的题还有：,1. Heres my card. Lets keep in _. (N 1994) (A) A. touch B. relation C. connection D. friendship 2. You can take as many as you like because they are free of _. (1998 上海) (B) A. fare B. charge C. money D. pay 3. The manager has got a good business _ so the company is doing well. （03北京春季）（B） Aidea Bsense Cthought DThinking 4. I keep medicines on the top shelf, out of the childrens _. （04天津）(A) A reach B hand C hold D place,问题2 A rough estimate, Nigeria is_ Great Britain. （05上海卷） A. three times the size as B. the size three times of C. three times as the size of D. three times the size of,注意名词用来表示比较的特殊用法。它的结构为“倍数+the +名词+ of + 对象”。常