黑龙江省哈尔滨市第六中学2018_2019学年高二英语上学期期末考试试题（含解析）.docx

哈尔滨市第六中学2018-2019学年度上学期期末考试高二英语试题第一部分 阅读理解 (共两节，满分40分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2分，满分30分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A, B, C和D)中选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AOne morning more than thirty years ago, I entered the Track Kitchen, a restaurant where everyone from the humblest(卑微的) to the most powerful came for breakfast. I noticed an empty chair next to an elderly, unshaven man, who looked somewhat disheveled. He was wearing a worn-out hat and was alone. I asked if I might join him. He agreed quietly and I sat down to have my breakfast.We cautiously began a conversation and spoke about a wide range of things. We never introduced ourselves. I was concerned that he might have no money and not be able to afford something to eat. So as I rose to go back to the counter and buy a second cup of coffee, I asked,“May I get you something ?”“A coffee would be nice.”Then I bought him a cup of coffee, We talked more, and he accepted another cup of coffee, Finally, I rose to leave, wished him well, and headed for the exit. At the door I met one of my friends. He asked,“How did you get to know Mr. Galbreath ?”“Who?”“The man you were sitting with. He is chairman of the Board of Churchill Downs.”I could hardly believe it. I was buying, offering a free breakfast, and feeling pity for one of the worlds richest and most powerful men!My few minutes with Mr. Galbreath changed my life. Now I try to treat everyone with respect, no matter who I think they are, and no matter another human being with kindness and sincerity.1. What does the underlined word “disheveled” mean?A. Unfriendly. B. Untidy.C. Gentle. D. Kind.2. The author bought coffee for the old man because_.A. he thought the old man was poorB. he wanted to start a conversationC. he intended to show his politenessD. he would like to thank the old man3. What is the message mainly expressed in the story?A. We should learn to be generous.B. It is honorable to help those in need.C. People in high positions are not like what we expect.D. We should avoid judging people by their appearances.【答案】1. B 2. A 3. D【解析】试题分析：本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了作者在一个清晨的时候到咖啡馆喝咖啡，遇见了一个略微邋遢的人，他上前与他交流，没想到他却是丘吉尔丘陵的董事会主席【1题详解】B细节题。根据该划线句子后一句He was wearing a worn-out hat and was alone他戴着一个破了的帽子，一个人坐着。从这里我们可以推断出，这个人应该是有点邋遢的；故选B【2题详解】A细节题。第二段第三句I was concerned that he might have no money and not be able to afford something to eat我想他可能没有钱，也不能买一些吃的东西。故选A【3题详解】D分析推断题。本文中作者看到一个邋遢的人在咖啡馆里面坐着，于是上前与他攀谈，等那人走了之后，他才知道那个人原来是一个公司的董事长。这告诉了我们不要通过外表看一个人。故选D考点：考察记叙文阅读BWhen most of us look at our hands, we might notice that we need to clean, or stop biting our fingernails, and thats about it. But if you ask a doctor, he can see a whole lot more. Everything from poor diet and stress to serious kidney (肾) problems can be revealed by a glance at your fingernails.There are about 30 different nail signs that can be associated with medical issues, though may indicate more than one problem, according to Dr. Amy Derick, a clinical instructor of dermatology at Northwestern University.Here are five of the things a doctor can tell about your health based on your fingernails.1. People who arent eating well and lack vitamin or dietary may have thinner than normal nails, which are more likely to break.2. Horizontal lines are associated with serious physical stress. They frequently occur in people who have gone through chemotherapy(化疗).They can also occur after some illnesses, injuries, or with severe malnourishment(营养不良).Interestingly, there may be an altitude connection too. Theyve also been found in people who dove 1,000 feet and others who participated in an Everest exploration.3. Vertical lines, however, are generally not such a big deal. Some people are more genetically prone to them than others, but theyre commonly associated with aging.4. When people lack iron, their nails can turn spoon-like. Instead of curving down and covering the finger normally, they ll start to rise up on the sides and front, like the part of a spoon that holds liquid.5. Kidney and liver problems can create “half-and-half nails”, where one part of the nail is white and the other part dark or pink, according to Derick.Doctors note that because disease diagnosis is complex and some symptoms can be associated with different diseases, you should always see a medical professional if you are concerned about something you notice.4. What is the main idea of the passage?A. Doctors can tell us something about our health by looking at our nails.B. We should see a doctor if we find nails in bad condition.C. A famous doctor in the USA conducted an interesting research.D. If we dont want to get ill, we need to clean and stop biting our fingernails.5. If we dont eat well or regularly, our fingernails may _.A. become harder than normal nails.B. become thinner than normal nails.C. become “half-and-half” nails.D. have horizontal and vertical lines.6. Who will have horizontal lines on the nails ?A. A cancer patient who has received normal treatment.B. Hungry African children suffering from severe malnourishment.C. An explorer who had reached Zhangjiajie in Hunan Province.D. A patient with serious illness, like kidney and liver problems.7. Which of the following best describes the nails that show people lack iron?A. The nails are thinner and more likely to break.B. The nails will curve down and cover the fingers.C. The nails will start to rise up on the sides and front.D. The nails will change their colours on the surface.【答案】4. A 5. B 6. B 7. C【解析】试题分析:本文是一篇科普说明类的文章，主要向大家介绍了一些不同的指甲状况所反映出的不同的身体健康状况，同时提醒人们要关注自己的健康。【4题详解】A推理判断题。根据首段But if you ask a doctor, he can see a whole lot more. Everything from poor diet and stress to serious kidney (肾) problems can be revealed by a glance at your fingernails及后文来看，本文主要向大家说明医生们可以通过人们指甲生长的不同状态来诊断这个人的身体健康状况，故选A。【5题详解】B细节判断题。根据People who arent eating well and lack vitamin or dietary may have thinner than normal nails, which are more likely to break可知吃的不够好或者营养不均衡的人指甲片可能会比正常人的要薄些，故选B。【6题详解】B细节判断题。根据They can also occur after some illnesses, injuries, or with severe malnourishment(营养不良)可知，营养不良的人有可能会在指甲上出现水平的线，故选B。【7题详解】C细节理解题。根据When people lack iron, their nails can turn spoon-like. Instead of curving down and covering the finger normally, they ll start to rise up on the sides and front, like the part of a spoon that holds liquid可以判断缺铁的人手指甲两边和前端更容易翘起，故选C。考点：考查科普说明类阅读CJane Austen, a famous English writer, was born at Steventon, Hampshire, on December 16, 1775, and died on July 18, 1817. She began writing early in life, although the prejudices of her times forced her to have her books published anonymously ( 匿名 ).But Jane Austen is perhaps the best known and best loved of Baths many famous local people and visitors. She paid two long visits here during the last five years of the eighteenth century and from 1801 to 1806, Bath was her home. Her deep knowledge of the city is fully seen in two of her novels, Northanger Abbey and Persuasion, which are largely set in Bath. The city is still very much as Jane Austen knew it, keeping in its streets and public buildings the well-ordered world that she described so well in her novels. Now the pleasure of learning Jane Austens Bath can be enhanced (增强)by visiting the Jane Austen Centre in Gay Street. Here, in a Georgian town house in the heart of the city, you can find out more about Bath in Jane Austens time and the importance of Bath in her life and work.The Centre has been set up with the help and guidance of members of the Jane Austen Society. After your visit to the Centre, you can look round the attractive shop, which offers a huge collection of Jane Austen related books, cards and many specially designed gifts. Jane Austen quizzes are offered to keep the children busy.You can also have walking tours of Jane Austens Bath, which is a great way to find out more about Jane Austen and discover the wonderful Georgian city of Bath. The tour lasts about one and a half hours. The experienced guides will take you to the places where Jane lived, walked and shopped.8. Jane Austen paid two long visits to Bath_.A. in her early twenties B. in her early teensC. in her late twenties D. in her late teens9. What can we learn about Bath from the passage?A. Bath has greatly changed since Jane Austens death.B. The city has changed as much as Jane Austen knew it.C. Bath remains almost the same as in Jane Austens time.D. No changes have taken place in Bath since Jane Austens time.10. The author writes this passage in order to_.A. attract readers to visit the city of BathB. ask readers to buy Austens booksC. tell readers about Jane Austens experienceD. give a brief introduction to the Jane Austen Society11. It takes you about one and a half hours_.A. to get to the Jane Austen Centre in Gay StreetB. to buy Jane Austen related books, cards and giftsC. to find a guide to take you to the CentreD. to look around the city of Bath on foot【答案】8. A 9. C 10. A 11. D【解析】这是一篇说明文。作者主要介绍了英国著名的女作家简奥斯汀的情况。文章描述了她曾经对Bath一地游览并将该地作为她的第二故乡，并在她的作品中有了明显的体现，意在鼓励人们游览Bath一地并进一步了解Bath以及简奥斯汀。【8题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段提到她生于on December 16, 1775和第二段的he paid two long visits here during the last five years of the eighteenth century 可知他是在1795到1800期间去过两次Bath，通过计算出得出简.奥斯汀两次去巴斯是在她刚20岁的时候，故选A。【9题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段的The city is still very much as Jane Austen knew it, keeping in its streets and public buildings the well-ordered world that she described so well in her novels.可知，Bath在Jane Austen时代是几乎没有大的变化的，故选C。【10题详解】推理判断题。根据短文最后两段的内容描述可知，文中介绍了游览此地的景点、有经验的导游会带人游览此地等信息可推断文章的主要目的就是引导大家参观简奥斯丁的故乡，故选A。【11题详解】细节理解题。根据短文最后一段You can also have walking tours of Jane Austens Bath. The tour lasts about one and a half hours.可知，徒步游览Bath一地大概需要一个半小时的时间，故选D。DWomen are friendlyBut men are more competitiveWhy? Researchers have found its all down to the hormone oxytocin （荷尔蒙催生素）Although known as the love hormone, it affects the sexes differentlyWomen tend to be social in their behaviorThey often share with othersBut men lend to be competitiveThey are trying to improve their social status, said Professor RyanGenerally, people believe that the hormone oxytocin is let out in our body in various social situations and our body creates a large amount of it during positive social interactions （互动） such as falling in love or giving birthBut in a previous experiment Professor Ryan found that the hormone is also let out in our body during negative social interactions such as envyFurther researches showed that in men the hormone oxytocin improves the ability to recognize competitive relationships, but in women it raises the ability to recognize friendshipProfessor Ryans recent experiment used 62 men and women aged 20 to 37Half of the participants（参与者）received oxytocinThe other half received placebo （安慰剂）After a week, the two groups switched with participantsThey went through the same procedure with the other materialFollowing each treatment, they were shown some video pictures with different social interactionsThen they were asked to analyze the relationships by answering some questionsThe questions were about telling friendship from competitionAnd their answers should be based on gestures, body language and facial expressionsThe results indicated that, after treatment with oxytocin, mens ability to correctly recognize competitive relationships improved, but in women it was the ability to correctly recognize friendship that got betterProfessor Ryan thus concluded: Our experiment proves that the hormone oxytocin can raise peoples abilities to better distinguish different social interactionsAnd the behavior differences between men and women are caused by biological factors （因素） that are mainly hormonal12. What causes men and women to behave differently according to the text?A. Placebo B. OxytocinC. The gesture D. The social status13. What can we learn from Professor Ryans previous experiment?A. Oxytocin affects our behavior in a different wayB. Our body lets out oxytocin when we are deep in loveC. Our body produces oxytocin when we feel unhappy about others successD. Oxytocin improves our abilities to understand peoples behavior differences14. Why did Professor Ryan conduct the recent experiment?A. To test the effect of oxytocin on the ability to recognize social interactionsB. To know the differences between friendship and competitionC. To know peoples different abilities to answer questionsD. To test peoples understanding of body language15. The author develops the text by_A. explaining peoples behaviorsB. describing his own experiencesC. distinguishing sexual differencesD. discussing research experiments【答案】12. B 13. C 14. A 15. D【解析】试题分析：本文是一篇说明文，科学家通过实验证明，阐述了激素对于男性和女性在社交上的不同影响。【此处有视频，请去附件查看】【12题详解】B细节题。第一段第二句 Researchers have found its all down to the hormone oxytocin 研究者已经发现，这取决于荷尔蒙催生素。【13题详解】C细节题。文章第四段But in a previous experiment Professor Ryan found that the hormone is also let out in our body during negative social interactions such as envy但是在教授Ryan之前的试验中，在负面的社交活动，例如嫉妒的时候，荷尔蒙也会上升。故选C【14题详解】A分析推断题。根据倒数第二段The results indicated that, after treatment with oxytocin, mens ability to correctly recognize competitive relationships improved, but in women it was the ability to correctly recognize friendship that got better结果表明，在催生素治疗之后，男性正确认识竞争性关系的能力提高了，但是，对于女人来说，正确识别友谊的能力提高了。可以推断这个实验目的在于测试催生素对于人识别社交活动的能力的影响。【15题详解】D分析推断题。本文中举出了多个实验以及实验结构，表明作者是通过讨论研究实验结果来展开全文的，故选D考点：考察说明文阅读第二节 (共5小题;每小题2分, 满分10分)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。Ancient Rome was one of the worlds most powerful empires more than 2,000 years ago. The RomansIdeas about roads, laws, government and buildings still influence us today. Italy is shaped like a boot.The Colosseum (角斗场)in Rome was built during the time of the Roman Empire, in the first century A.D. _16_. It is a popular tourist attraction today.Italy is well-known for its designers, who create cars, handbags , clothes, shoes and other items that are in demand for their style and fine workmanship.Today, the economy of Italy is stronger than in the past. _17_. Today, manufacturing and tourism are the main sources of income. There are some big companies, but Italy has many smaller companies, too. _18_. The southern part does not offer as many manufacturing jobs, so it is not as prosperous.Italy is a member of the European Union, a group of countries that join together for better trade. The currency, or money, they use is called the “euro”.Food and eating good meals are important to Italians. _19_. Popular foods include pasta, risotto, minestrone and pizza. McDonalds is also popular there.Many families still eat their main meal in the middle of the day. _20_. Families spend a lot of time together.A. The family is very important to the Italian way of life.B. The country used to depend on agriculture.C. Mountains cover about three-fourths of the country.D. It could seat about 50,000 people, who went to see fights between animals and people.E. While there are some supermarkets, many people shop at small, neighborhood markets.F. Italy has several islands off the coast.G. The northern part of the country is the main manufacturing center.【答案】16. D 17. B 18. G 19. E 20. A【解析】试题分析：文章讲述了古罗马文明沿袭下的意大利在经济农业家庭生活的各个方面。【16题详解】D细节题。从这段前面的句子：The Colosseum in Rome was built during the time of the Roman Empire,可知答案是D。【17题详解】B推理题。从下面的句子：manufacturing and tourism are the main sources of income.可知这个国家以前是依靠农业。选B。【18题详解】G推理题。从下面的句子：The southern part does not offer as many manufacturing jobs,说明前面提到北方的情况。选G。【19题详解】E从前面的句子：Food and eating good meals are important to Italians.可知这句话是说购物的地点。选E。【20题详解】A从后面的句子：Families spend a lot of time together. 可知家庭生活对意大利人的生活很重要。选A。【名师点睛】下面总结一些七选五的解题技巧1、先看选项。跟完形填空不一样，七选五的答案选项较少，并且给出的都是句子，因此，我们可以通过句子的完整性或者句子后面的标点符号来判断该句在文章中的位置。另外，通过阅读选项，有可能找出跟其他选项表达完全不同意思的句子，这样的话我们就可以直接将该选项排除。2、再看空前空后。由于七选五空出的是整个句子，而这些句子与句子之间，必然有一种联系，因此我们可以通过选项中某个名词或动词跟空前或空后的一致性或者相关性来确定这两个句子之间有一种关联性，从而选择正确的答案。3、注意代词或定冠词。在做这类题目的时候，一定要注意句子中出现的人称代词或者指示代词，因为我们知道，代词是指代一个名词或者一个句子的，然后通过代词在句子中所做的成分我们可以推断出它指代的句子的类型，我们要做的就是从选项中找这类句型就可以了。4、注意一些特殊疑问词。如果选项中或空前出现特殊疑问词，一定要把这句话仔细读几遍，因为对于不同特殊疑问词的回答方式是不一样的，比如对why的回答，后面要有because等表原因的词，对when的回答，后面要有表时间的状语，对where的回答，后面要有表地点的名词，对how的回答，后面要有方式状语等。5、注意一些连词。如一些表示转折的连词，but，However，yet，though，nevertheless等，另外还有一些表示并列关系的连词如and，also，as well as，neither nor，either or，not onlybut also，on one hand.on the other hand等。因为这些连词可以表现句子与句子之间的关系，通过不同的连词我们可以推知句子与句子之间不同的关系。考点：考查信息匹配第二部分: 语言知识运用第一节 完形填空I（共20小题：每小题1.5分，满分30分）It was the last day of the final examination in a large eastern university. On the _21_ of one building, a group of engineering seniors gathered, discussing the exam due in a few minutes. On their faces was confidence. This was their last examthen on to graduation and _22_.Some talked of jobs they already had; others talked of jobs they _23_ get. With the certainty of four years of college, they felt ready and able to take _24_ of the world.The approaching exam, they knew, would be an easy task. The professor had said they could bring _25_books or notes they wanted, requesting only that they did not _26_ each other during the test._27_they entered the classroom. The professor passed out the papers. And smiles_28_on the students faces as they noticed there were only five essaytype questions.Three hours had passed_29_the professor b