《中考考点分析》PPT课件.ppt

,潍坊市20082010年中考英语 试题考点分布及简析 (单项选择&完形填空） 牛金平 2011.2,（一）单项选择题测试要点,一、单项选择题测试要点,真题再现：,一、冠词 17. Its _ nice day, isnt it?Yes. What _ fine weather! (2008) 16._ amusement park you visited yesterday is kind of small, but its interesting one. (2009) 16Auatar（阿凡达）is such _ wonderful science fiction movie that I want to see it _ second time（2010）,考点简析： 不定冠词（a/an)表示数量“一”即用于可数名词单数之前或表示 “泛指”。定冠词(the)用于表示特指、说话双方都知道的某一事物、序数词、世界独一无二的事物之前等。 特别注意不定冠词的位置，如：such a beautiful flowerso beautiful a flower, quite a beautiful picture, a very beautiful picture等用法。,真题再现：,二、名词、语境 16.Luckily,the boy didnt hurt his _in the accident,so he can walk as usual (legs) (2008) 25.These story books for children are awfully written. They are _ interesting _ exciting .(neithernor) (2008) 29.-Our family are traveling to Germany for the Beer Festival. -_(Have fun.） (2008) 31.How fantastic your paintings are! -_.（2009） A. Thank you! B. Of course! C. Just so so. D. Really? 22Sorry, sir. I made a mistake again _ Practice more and you will do better （2010） ANever mind BIm not sure CYoure welcome DDont mention it,考点简析： 对于语言环境题，要根据上下文意思或英语表达习惯进行选择。同时也会出现短语辨析等。 如：neithernor（两个都不），eitheror(或者、或者）等。对于英语中的习惯表达要熟记。如： -Could you please take care of my pet dog?,我们可以用：With pleasure,No problem等来回答；当对方对你赞美、表扬时，用Thank you.或Its kind/nice of you等来作答。,三、代词（物主代词、不定代词） 18.Mrs. Bond is a friend of_(2008) A. Jack mother B. Jack mothers C. Jacks mother D. Jacks mothers 19.THe machines made in China are cheaper than _ made in Japan.(2008) A. ones B. that C. those D. it 18Im expecting a pet dog for long，but mom has no time to buy _ for me(2010) Ait Bone Cthis Dthat 27Would you like tea or coffee? (2010) _ is OKI really dont mind ANone BEither CNeither DBoth,代词考点简析： 人称代词： (1)“宾格”与句子成分。如：1.Tom sits between you and _. A. I B me C. my D.myself (2)反身代词与短语搭配：enjoy oneself, help oneself to sth.等。特别注意反身代词的单复数。 (3)名词性物主代词：1.a friend of mine (短语）即：n +of +名词性物主代词 2.用于比较级。如：His bike is more expensive than yours. 2. one( ones), it, that(those): 指代前面提到的一类时用one. (2010.18)特指前面提到的那一个时用it.比较级中的代词用that (2008.19) 3.不定代词： (1.)重点注意形容词修饰不定代词时后置！如;somethinginteresting,someone else. (2)neither（两者）, none（三者以上），either（两者之一）表达的数量。,四、形容词、副词 19.“Have try, you are so close to the answer,” the teacher encourages the kids. A. the other B. one another C. other D. another （2009） 28.Liu Qian, as a little boy, was so his own magic world that he seldom went out to play with other children.（2009） good at B. mad about C. popular with D. afraid of 25China is developing _of all the countries in the world（2010） Afast Bfaster Cfastest Dthe most fast,考点简析： 1.考查比较级、最高级的用法。2.考查短语搭配及意义。 3.词性判断 4.句型转换,1.比较级中的比较对象一致性：The population of China is much larger than that of any country in Africa. 2.比较级中any， any other+单数名词(any of the other+复数名词）)的用法。因比较主体不能与自身比较，所以要用到any other(any of the other） 3. “越来越”的表达：better and better, more and more interesting 4.“越、就越、”即the more, the more的用法。 The more careful you are/The more carefully you do in the exam, the fewer mistakes you will make. 5.asas. ,not as(so)as-与比较级的转化（阅读表达中出现） 6.初中阶段出现的形容词短语：如be good at, be surprised at,be angry with,be interested in等与介词搭配或be+adj.+to do的用法。 7.preferto与比较级的转化。,五、动词 22Im sure I make it better, if our teacher _ me a second chance. A. give B. gave C. gives D. will give （2008） 31.-Boys and girls,!Please _ your compositions after class. -Oh, my God. I _ it at home. （2008） A.Hand in, forgot B. hand in, left C. hand out, forgot D. hand out. left 18.The sports meet has to be because of the heavy rain.(2009) put up B. put down C. put off D. put on 23.The school in the earthquake is being built by workers from Weifang.(2009) destroyed B. destroying C. to destroy D. destroys 25.Would you like to go fishing with me? (2009) I dont feel like it. I would rather at home and have a sleep. stay B. to stay C. staying D. stayed 26.To tell the truth, not only you but also she given away all the pocket money to Project Hope.(2009) have B. has C. are D. is 19At least 300 million people are using QQ _ by Ma Huateng to chat on line Acreate Bcreates Ccreating Dcreated (2010) 20The cookies _ goodCould I have some more? (2010) Ataste Bsmell Cfeel DSound,动词考点简析： 时态、语态、单复数（主谓一致） （1）主谓一致中的就近原则：There be, neithernor ,either or, not only but also连接主语时 （2）主语+(together )with+n时，动词 单复数以主语为准。如：Look, the teacher with his students is planting trees over there. （3）在定语从句中单复数的应用。即当引导词作主语时单复数的判断。 如：Do you know the boy who is playing football in the playground? Do you know the boys who are playing football in the playground? 2. 在时间、条件状语从句中时态、语态的应用。 You cant leve unless your homework is finished. 3.非谓语动词： V +to do : hope to do, want to do ,help (to )do, stop to do V+doing: finish doing, stop doing, feel like doing 4. V+sb. to do: ask ,tell, want,would like V +sb. do: make, let, have及其被动 5. 感官动词用法：see/hear/watchsb. do/doing sth. 及其被动用法,6. taste,smell, sound, look, feel +adj. 用法。(2010.20) 7. 分词作定语的用法：2009.（23）.2010.（19） 现在分词作定语 There are about 1000 pandas living in the nature reserves. 过去分词作定语 19.At least 300 million people are using QQ _ by Ma Huateng to chat on line Acreate Bcreates Ccreating Dcreated 8. 动词、动词短语辨析：leave, foget 表示“忘记”的用法。stop to do,stop doing,六、情态动词 20.Listen,is Professor Bloom giving a speech in class? -No. It _ be him. He has bone to France. (2008） A.may not B. mustnt C. neednt D. cant 17.You write letters to your cousin. You can chat with her online. (2009) A. cant B. neednt C. shouldnt D. mustnt 23Is Jessica giving us a speech this evening? (2010) No, it _ be herShe _ to Japan Amustnt；has gone Bmustnt; has been Ccant; has gone Dcant; has been,情态动词考点简析： 1.考查“推测”：对现在情况的肯定推测must+V 否定推测-cant +V 对may, might表示推测时可与must作对比。可以利用题目比对。如： -Will Tom be here today?He may come here. But Im not sure.让学生理解其程度上的不同。 2. 考查情态动词的意思和用法，如：have to的疑问、否定变化借助助动词，need 用于否定句、疑问句中。肯定句中的need 则是实意动词，根据主语为sb.或sth.后接不定式或动名词表示被动。mustnt则表示“禁止”。通常用来解 释”No smoking.” “No photos.”等表示 “禁止做某事”的 句子;对must 构成的一般疑问句要用neednt 来作答。,七、介词 27.We looked at each other _ surprise when we heard a bird singong “Happy Birthday to you”. A. in B. to C. by D. at (2008) 27.Last week when she walked the lake, she saw someone _ in it.(2009) A. passed, swim B. passed, swimming C. past, swim D. past, swimming 28The little elephant is afraid to go aloneHe always walks _his mother(2010) Abesides Bbeside Cbelow Dunder,介词考点简析： 1.考查短语搭配，如： in surprise, with interest, be angry with, be surprised at, be mad at,要求学生对这些固定搭配熟记在心。 2. 考查介词意思或辨析， 如表示目的或原因的for; 表示、原因的beacause ofthanks to; 表示位置的in front of in the front of ；以及“形”象易混的：beside-besides, pastpassed, instead of -instead等。 初中阶段的介词相对比较好记。让学生在练习中逐渐加深印象。,八、连词 21.Milk quikly turns sour _ its in a fridge. (2008) A. until B. since C. as D. unless 20. China is growing stronger and stronger, Chinese is taught in more and more countries. (2009) A. If B. Unless C. As D. Although,连词考点简析： 考查句子前后联系、词汇、句义理解。此种题型主要放在从句当中考查。诸如时间、条件状语从句。同时要注意此类句型的时态要求。在阅读表达中也可能出现句型转换。如unless与ifnot的转换。 此类题型的考查与后面的从句结合在一起分析。,九、数词 22.Nowadays of business letters are written in English. （2009） A. two third B. two thirds C. two three D. second three,数词考点简析： 1. 考查分数的表达形式：分子基数词，分母序数词。分子大于一，分母加s.还可以考查分数+of+n.作主语时的 “主谓一致”.即由n.的单复数决定动词的单复数如上题中的letters而决定are written. 又如：One fifth of the paper is produced by our factory. 2. 考查百分数的表达及主谓一致。百分数作主语用法与分数相同。 3.考查数字的读法。 4.考查hundred hundred, thousand. Million.billion，hundreds of. Thousands of的用法。,十、倒装（半倒装） 21Tom, Im watching a football matchWhat about you? （2010） _ ASo do I BSo am I CSo I do. DSo I am.,倒装考点简析： 1. 考查半倒装的构成、时态、主谓一致。否定倒装结构（neither/nor) 如： -Will you go to his birhday party? -If you dont go, _. A. so do I B. neither do I C. so wont I D. neither will I 2. 考查倒装与so +主语+助动词/系动词(表示对对方的观点表示赞同）、主语+助动词+so 的区别（表示按照对方的要求去做）。,十一、短语辨析 24. will your headmaster come back from Australia? In a few days. （2009） A. How often B. How soon C. How fast D. How much 29. I know, many thousands of tourists from the Mainland have been to Taiwan. As soon as B. As well as C. As much as D. As far as （2009） 30_ do you have PE lessons? （2010） There times a week AHow long BHow soon CHow many DHow often,短语考点简析： 主要考查对上下文意 的理解以及短语意思。包括特殊疑问词、动词短语之间的区别。特别注意语言环境下的短语意思。我们常见到的由特殊疑问词how构成的短语：how often, how soon,how much, how many, how many times, how long.对于这些疑问词的回答以及体现的时态要让学生牢记！,十二、从句 24.Yesterday evening I ws playing the piano _ the door bell rang.? A. When B. before C. after D. while （2008） 28.The shop assistant said _ (2008) Where does the manager live B. where the managerlives C. Where did the manager live D. where the manager lived 30The young soldier really doesnt know _ to stop the baby from crying hard. A. what to do B. how to do C. when to do D. where to do (2008) 30.The passenger told the police he couldnt believe at first. (2009) A. what does the captain say B. what the captain says C. what did the captain say D. what the captain said 24A moment, pleaseIm checking if Mr. Smith _ free tomorrow(2010) Ais Bbeing Cto be Dwill be 26Alice in Wonderland is a fantastic movie. Its about _(2010) Ahow did Alice cad the Red Queens reign of terror（恐怖统治） Bwhat did Alice end the Red Queens reign of terror Chow Alice ended the Red Queens reign of terror Dwhat Alice ended the Red Queens reign of terror 29You have to leave now _ you can catch the early bus(2010) Aso that Bas soon as Cbecause Dif,从句考点简析 3.结果状语从句和目的状语从句 主要是由so/suchthat, so that引导的状语从句。只要审清题意，注意从句中多有can, could 这样的情态动词即可。 4.定语从句 （1）注意引导词的选择。初中阶段我们只要求对“that/which, who, whose”作好判断。对于that ,which 的区别不作重点。 （2）注意正确判断当引导词作主语时从句中谓语动词的单复数。即由先行词的单复数 来决定。,“单项选择”替解题技巧, 瞻前顾后，首尾呼应。仔细看题干，不要只读带空格的那一句。含两个空的题，先确定有把握的那一个，不好判断的题可采用排除法。 联系上下文，正确理解句意。审题注意分析，不可死抠语法。单选的重点在动词，应特别注意时态、情态动词、非谓语动词的使用及短语动词的辨析；题目是疑问句，可先变为陈述句，被动的先变为主动，省略的先还原成完整结构，均有利于判断。,二、完形填空 近3年完形填空考点分布情况：,“完形填空”的命题形式与教学启示,1. 命题特点： “完形填空”题，设空以考查文意为主，实词比重很大，其中动词、名词为主，形容词、副词、连词等为辅，充分体现语言知识运用的特征。 考查学生综合运用语言的能力，包括词语辨析、阅读理解和逻辑推理判断。 “完形填空”，充分体现“突出语篇”的命题原则。即“意义填空将逐步取代语法填空”。试题设置将以情景意义选择为主，充分突出“词汇语境化”的特点。 在命题时很少设置不通过上下文、仅阅读本句就能判断正确答案的选项。,2. 考查形式： （1）对于文章上下文的理解和把握能力; （2）对词汇意义及其用法的理解和运用能力; （3）根据生活常识进行推理和判断的能力; （4）对惯用法和常用搭配的掌握程度;,3.完形填空解题步骤: 通览-试填-复核 1.通览-速度全文，把握大意: 快速阅读一下全文，通过通览全文、领会大意，概略地了解文章的体裁、背景、内容、结构层次、情节、写作风格等等。 2.试填-紧扣文意，瞻前顾后: 先易后难，逐层深入。紧扣全文内容，联系上下文和语境，展开逻辑推理，注意从上下文中寻找线索，注意词汇的意义、搭配，惯用法，语法，常识等多个角度进行综合考虑。 3.复核-全面检查，确保语意连贯，用词准确:,我们以2010年中考题作示例： 2010年中考完形填空讲述了美国个克萨斯州（Texas)达拉斯（Dalas)的14岁男孩Dean Bluey利用email 拯救了一位远在千里之外、被困图书馆的芬兰女大学生Tarja的故事。,2010年中考完形填空： A 14-year-old boy from the USA was described as a hero yesterday after he saved the life of a woman in another country Dean Bluey from Dallas，Texas，was a school boy who has much 31 in computerOne day，he 32 an email to a friend on the InternetSuddenly he received a message saying “Help! Pain! Help!”“The message was from Finland， 33 kilometers away from America