级阅读精读技巧.ppt

CET阅读之精读,文章体裁,1、以说明和议论为主 2、关注重点 说明文：定义、概念、重要数据、细节 议论文：作者观点，支持什么，反对什么,文章类型,A、现象解释型 B、问题解决方案型 C、结论解释型,句子结构,1）多重复合句 （it） 2）多重并列句 （and、not only.but also） 3）经典被动句 (it is believed that) 4）倒装句 (hardly, rarely, seldom, never ) 5）双重否定=肯定 6）比较结构 morethan,题目类型,细节题 推理题 词汇题 态度题 主旨题,题型比例分布,细节题,特点： 题干、选项信息较多较具体 题目中有明显关键词 大写字母 数字 时间,细节题常考点,1、列举、举例和比喻处 （as ，for example，for instance，first，second，third） 2、引用人物论断处 3、特殊标点符号处 （破折号，括号，冒号，引号）,做题步骤,1、定位。 专有名词，包括人名和带“”的词 数字、时间 形容词和副词 比较或因果语言现象 2、查找线索 仔细阅读包含关键词的句子，在本句、上下句寻找线索。 3、比较 将包含线索的句子与选项进行比较，对线索句进行同义替换的为正确答案。 关键词替换 正话反说 语言简化,细节题原则,1、按照顺序寻找答案 由于细节题的排列顺序，一般对应原文的叙述顺序，所以一般按顺序寻找答案。 2、细节题常规现象 原文连续提3-4项叫列举，常与except题型相对应 问某一段没有提到什么，其他段落的内容通常成为正确答案。,It was to Maury of the US Navy that the Atlantic Telegraph Company turned, in 1853, for information on this matter. In the 1840s, Maury had been responsible for encouraging voyages during which soundings (测深) were taken to investigate the depths of the North Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. Later, some of his findings aroused much popular interest in his book The Physical Geography of the Sea. 23. The aim of voyages Maury encouraged in the 1840s was _. A) to make some sound experiments in the oceans B) to collect samples of sea plants and animals C) to estimate the length of cable that was to be made D) to measure the depths of two oceans,Al Gore calls global warming an “inconvenient truth,“ as if merely recognizing it could put us on a path to a solution. But the real truth is that we dont know enough to relieve global warming, and - without major technological breakthroughs - we cant do much about it. 58.According to the authors understanding, what is AL Gores view on global warming? A) It is a reality both people and politicians are unaware of. B) It is a phenomenon that causes us many inconveniences. C) It is a problem that can be solved once it is recognized. D) It is area we actually have little knowledge about.,推理题,特点： 1、题目中“ imply” “ include” “ infer”，信息少 需要以关键词定位，从上下句找答案 2、题目与自然段相对应,答案就在当段。 3、题目中出现“conclude” 为第一题时，通常对应文章主题； 为2、3、4题时，基本上针对文章中间段落； 为最后一道题时，优先对应文章最后部分，有时也针对文章主题。,推理题常考点,1、篇首、篇尾、段首、段尾处 2、因果关系处 3、语义转折处,For most people the sea was remote, and with the exception of early intercontinental travelers or others who earned a living from the sea, there was little reason to ask many questions about it, let alone to ask what lay beneath the surface. The first time that the question What is at the bottom of the oceans? had to be answered with any commercial consequence was when the laying of a telegraph cable from Europe to America was proposed. The engineers had to know the depth profile (起伏形状) of the route to estimate the length of cable that had to be manufactured. 21. The passage implies that the telegraph cable was built mainly _. A) for oceanographic studies B) for military purposes C) for business considerations D) for investigating the depths of the oceans,“As our tests became more complex.“ Sums up Spilich, “non-smokers performed better than smokers by wider and wider margins,“ He predicts, “smokers might perform adequately at many jobs - until they got complicated. A smoking airline pilot could fly adequately if no problems arose, but if something went wrong, smoking might damage his mental capacity.“ 25. We can infer from the last paragraph that _. A) smokers should not expect to become airline pilots B) smoking in emergency cases causes mental illness C) no airline pilots smoke during flights D) smokers may prove unequal to handling emergency cases,词汇题,一、一个简单单词或词组 二、一个教难单词或词组 三、一个句子,简单单词、词组的考法,多义词的特殊意义 一词偏意 文中的特殊意思,If spelling becomes the only focal point of his teachers interest, clearly a bright child will be likely to “play safe“. He will tend to write only words within his spelling range, choosing to avoid adventurous language. Thats why teachers often encourage the early use of dictionaries and pay attention to content rather than technical ability. 注：1.focal 关注的，名词为 focus 焦点 2.adventurous 冒险的 3.content 内容，contend 包含 4.technical ability 指的是 spelling 22. The expression “play safe“ probably means _ A) to write carefully B) to do as teachers say C) to use dictionaries frequently D) to avoid using words one is not sure of,较难单词、词组的考法,方法一： 逻辑分析法 1、转折逻辑（on the contrary，but） 2、并列逻辑 (and),转折逻辑,We find that bright children are rarely held back by mixed-ability teaching. On the contrary, both their knowledge and experience are enriched. We feel that there are many disadvantages in streaming (把按能力分班) pupils. It does not take into account the fact that children develop at different rates. It can have a bad effect on both the bright and the not-so-bright child. After all, it can be quite discouraging to be at the bottom of the top grade! 37. By held back (Line 1) the author means _ A) made to remain in the same classes B) forced to study in the lower classes C) drawn to their studies D) prevented from advancing.,并列逻辑,After a year or so, however, I still hadnt gotten a break and began to doubt myself. It was so hard to sell a story that barely made enough to eat. But I knew I wanted to write. I had dreamed about it for years. I wasnt going to be one of those people who die wondering; what if? I would keep putting my dream to the test - even though it meant living with uncertainty and fear of failure. This is the Shadow land of hope, and anyone with a dream must learn to live there. 60. “Shadow land“ in the last sentence refers to _ A) the wonderland one often dreams about B) the bright future that one is looking forward to C) the state of uncertainty before ones final goal is reached D) a world that exists only in ones imagination,方法二：代入法 The fourth test required people to read a passage, then answer questions about it. Nonsmokers remembered 19 percent more of the most important information than active smokers, and deprived smokers bested those who had smoked a cigarette just before testing. Active smokers tended not only to have poorer memories but also had trouble separating important information from insignificant details. 23. The word “bested“ (Line 3, Para. 5) most probably means _. A) beat B) envied C) caught up with D) made the best of,句子意思的考法,简单句 上下文找答案 难句 本句找答案,When comparing men and women in the matter of fashion, the conclusions to be drawn are obvious. Do the constantly changing fashions of women s clothes, one wonders, reflect basic qualities of inconstancy and instability? Men are too clever to let themselves be cheated by fashion designers. Do their unchanging styles of dress reflect basic qualities of stability and reliability? That is for you to decide. 40. By saying “the conclusions to be drawn are obvious“ (Para. 4, Line 1-2), the writer means that _. A) womens inconstancy in their choice of clothing is often laughed at B) women are better able to put up with discomfort C) men are also exploited greatly by fashion designers D) men are more reasonable in the matter of fashion,态度题（attitude）,做题方法： 1.找作者直接评价语句 2.找表达感情色彩的形容词、动词、副词,attitude,convincing 有说服力的 instructive 有启发性的 positive 肯定的 neutral 中立的 negative 否定的 objective 客观的 subjective 主观的 approving 同意的 critical 批评的 authoritative 权威的 questioning 质疑的 influential 有影响的,Besides, it is rather unreal to grade people just according to their intellectual (智力)ability. This is only one aspect of their total personality. We are concerned to develop the abilities of all our pupils to the full, not just their academic ability. We also value personal qualities and social skills, and we find that mixed-ability teaching contributes to all these aspects of learning. 注：value v. 重视 contribute to 有贡献，有助于 36. In the passage the authors attitude towards mixed-ability teaching is _ A) critical B) questioning C) approving D) objective,主旨题,题目特征： “main idea” “title” “purpose” “what is the passage about” 关注点： 1、全文首段、末段 2、第一段转折（but however） 主旨题小原则： 有细节的肯定是错的 （人名、地、名大写字母等表示细节的词）,The practical conclusion is that if global warming is a potential disaster, the only solution is new technology. Only an aggressive research and development program m