《开放3语法》PPT课件.ppt

开放3语法,时态 被动语态 短语动词 固定用法 定语从句（限定性和非限定性） 动名词与动词不定式,7. 真实条件句和虚拟语气 8. 祈使句 9. 连接词 10. 反意疑问句 11.间接引语和间接问句 12. 情态动词,2,13. 描述趋势 14. 描述习惯 once a month 15. 描述关系 fall in love with , get on well with 16. 表述看法 17. 谈论性格与职业 18. 描述方位、位置,19. 描述感觉 20. 描述外观 21 表示抱怨和道歉 22 书信的写作 23 表示数量 24 构词法（后缀） 25 表达因果关系,Tenses,work,一般现在时,在由after，until，before，once，when，even if，in case，as long as，as soon as，the moment 以及 if，unless 等引导的时间状语从句或条件状语从句中，通常用一般现在时代替将来时。 1. We wont have our sports meeting if it rains tomorrow. 2. He will wait until the rain stops . 3. As soon as Jane leaves here, Ill post the letter to Mike.,固定用法,need doing / need to do have / get sth. Done spend time / money doing sth. tell, ask trip, journey, voyage, travel rise, fall, go down / up here, one , there,连接词,and, but, because, however, although, however, if, when already, still, yet,动词短语,be angry at be appalled by,被动语态,被动语态由“助动词be及物动词的过去分词”构成。人称、数和时态的变化是通过be的变化表现出来的。现以teach为例说明被动语态在各种时态中的构成。 一般现在时：amisaretaught 一般过去时：wasweretaught 一般将来时：willshall betaught 现在进行时：amisare beingtaught 过去进行时：was / were beingtaught 现在完成时：havehas beentaught,被动语态歌诀,谁做的动作不知道，说出谁做的没有必要； 动作承受者需强调，被动语态运用到。,Exercises,All people laughed at him He was laughed at by all people. 2. They make the bikes in the factory. The bikes were made by them in the factory. 3. We can repair this watch in two days. This watch can be repaired in two days.,动名词,动名词由动词的原型加词尾的-ing构成。动名词是名词性的，也就是说，它同时具有动词特征和名词特征，在逻辑上表达的是一个动作，（或状态），在语法上体现的是名词特征。,例句,向别人学习是很重要的。 Learning from others is important. 2. 请停止在这里吸烟。 Please stop smoking here. 3. 我喜欢看书。 I like reading.,跟doing的动词,avoid避免, consider考虑, delay延迟, deny否认, dislike不喜欢, endure忍受, enjoy享受, escape逃脱, forgive原谅, finish完成, imagine想象, keep继续，保持, mind介意, miss错过, pardon原谅, prevent阻止, resist抵抗, suggest建议, understand明白, cant help忍受不了,跟不定式的动词,能跟不定式的动词有： decide决定, desire渴望, expect期待, hope希望, mean意味着, pretend假装, promise答应, refuse拒绝, undertake担任, want想, wish希望, agree同意, manage管理,两种情况都行的,能跟动名词和不定式的动词有： love爱, like喜欢, hate讨厌, prefer更喜欢, dislike不喜欢, begin开始, continue继续, intend打算, attempt尝试, propose建议, want想, need要, remember记得, forget忘记, regret后悔, try尝试, deserve应得, start开始,A story (tense),A boy told a lie to his mother: Mom, I have a stomachache. I cant go to school. The mother showed him a bar of chocolate and said to him: Oh, what a pity. You cant have this delicious chocolate. The boy said angrily: Yes, I can. Then the mother said: But youve had a stomachache! No, no. I said I had a stomachache. I had it this morning. But now Ive been better. So its alright for me to have that,Units 1-5,1. prefer A to B 喜欢A而不喜欢B (P7) Prefer n. to n. prefer doing to doing 2. used to do 过去常常做某事（而现在不做了），曾经做某事。(P13) diduse to do didnt use to do 3. would (描述过去习惯性或反复的动作，用法同used to do ) 过去常常做某事(P27),4. one，ones 代词，指代上文提及的可数名词。(P66) 5. 动词短语(P24) bring up 将某人抚养成人 put up with sb 容忍某人 settle up with sb 与某人结清帐目 give up sth/give up doing sth 放弃做某事,6. keep doing sth (P32) keep sb/ sth doing 7. always, forever (P32) 8. 连接词 and, but, because, although(P15) but, so (P44) 9. 时态 一般过去时,9. 时态：意义（用法）、结构、时间状语 一般过去时 结构：was, were -ed 助动词did 时间状语：yesterday, last week, in 1990, ten years ago, when 一般现在时 结构：am, is, are 动原或-s 助动词do, does 时间状语：always, usually, often, sometimes, once a week, twice a month, 一般将来时 结构：am,is, are going to do will do, wont do 时间状语：tomorrow, next year, in 2010, 现在进行时 结构： am, is, are doing 时间状语：now, at the moment,these days 过去进行时 结构：was, were doing 时间状语：at 8.00 last night, this time yesterday, from 8.00 to 9.00 last night, when, 现在完成时 结构：have/ has done 时间状语：already, just, yet,for, since 过去完成时 结构： had done 时间状语： by+过去时间, for, since 将来完成时 结构：will have done 时间状语： by+将来时间,9. 定语从句(P70) 10. 写作：自我介绍 求职信(P2) 自我介绍 (P312),Ex,1. The concert, _ was held in our school hall, was a great success. A. who B. which C. that D. whose 2. Im looking after the children _ parents went out to work. A. who B. which C. that D. whose 3. In 1990, he met his future wife _ was a sailor. A. who B. which C. whose D. as,4. His parents died when he was young. So he was _ by his uncle. A. grown up B. brought up C. brought out D. given up 5. The old man is strong enough. He prefers _ to _. A. walking, riding B. walk, ride C. to walk, ride D. walking, ride,6. Our plane _ from Paris at 8.00 last night. A. took off起飞、出发 B. put off C. flew off D. left off 7. She kept the light in her room _ all the night. A. to burn B. burnt C. burning D. burn,1. C must 必须（主观） have to 不得不（客观）（有时态变化） 2. B 用于否定和疑问句中 Ive just come back from London. He hasnt finished his project yet. Have you finished your project yet? Tom has already read the book.,情态动词 must, have to,课本P208 must 必须（主观要求） have to 不得不（客观要求） mustnt 不准，不许(强制执行） dont/ doesnt / didnt have to 不必 = neednt,情态动词 must, have to,在回答以must引起的问句时，否定回答要用neednt或dont/ doesnt / didnt have to （不必） Must I arrive at 7.00 tomorrow? Yes, you must. No, you neednt,情态动词 must, have to,1. It was too late. There was no bus, so we _ call a taxi. A. must B. have to C. can D. had to 2. A lot of car are coming and going. you _ go across the street. A. dont have to B. may not C. mustnt 3. - _ I smoke here? - No, you _. A.May, mustnt B. Can, neednt C. May, dont D. Can, dont,3. have been driving= have driven 主动语态，排除B。 过去完成时表示过去的过去，排除A。 4. A 5. B need doing sth 需要(被）做某事（被动） need to do需要做某事（主动） The clock needs repairing. We need to repair the clock.,6. C have sth done 叫别人去做某事 Ill have the clock repaired. She had her room painted. 7. C spend (in) doing sth 8. B 真实条件句，主将从现,When+时间状语从句, if+条件状语从句,When+时间状语从句, 意为“当的时候”。若表示肯定会发生的事情，则“主将从现”。 if+条件状语从句，若表示可能会发生的事情，则“主将从现”。 从句都是用一般现在时表将来。,When+时间状语从句, if+条件状语从句,1. I dont know whether she will come tomorrow. If she _, Ill call you. A. come B. comes C. came D. will come 2. If the rain _ tomorrow, we _ to the park. A. stops, go B. stops, will go C. will stop, will go D. will stop, go,9. B never从不，否定词。反意疑问句， 前否后肯。 10. C 被动语态，一般过去时 was/ were done 11. A 12. C 动名词做主语 13. B 尽管（让步状语从句） A然而 C因此 14. C 15. C,1. try to do sth 努力去做某事，尽力去做某事 2. remember to do 记得要去做某事（还没做） forget to do忘记去做某事（还没做） remember doing记得已经做了某事（已经做了） forget doing忘记已经做了某事（已经做了） 3. avoid doing,Ex,1. Remember _ the door before you leave. A. locking B. to lock C. lock D. locked 2. I remember _ your letter. Have you received it? A. posting B. to post C. post D. posted,Ex,3. You should avoid _ alcohol before you drive. A. drink B. drinking C. to drink 4. Try _ get up late tomorrow. A. to not B. dont C. not to D. not,试题汇编（一）,过去完成时 16.D 23. A 将来完成时 20. B,将来完成时,By the time you complete the course, you will have earned a certificate. 当你结束课程时，你将会获得证书。 By the end of next year, we will have set up a hospital. 到今年年底为止，我们将会建好一间医院。 You will have reached Shanghai by this time tomorrow. 到明天的这个时候你将会到了上海。,Exercises,By the end of November, the building committee _ the plans. A. have approved B. had approved C. will have approved 2. By the end of last year, we _ 1,000 trees in the hill. A. have planted B. had planted C. will have planted,Exercises,3. He _ already _ reading the book. A. has, finished B. had, finished C. will have finished 4. The center _ computers when I come back from Japan. A. have bought B. had bought C. will have bought,17. A 祈使句：动词独立成句。否定句加Dont Remember to go to bed early. Dont forget to bring your camera. 21. C 虚拟语气（假设条件句）,虚拟语气,与现在事实相反； If +从句(一般过去时did, were), 主句(would + 动原) If I were not busy today, I would go with you. If I knew the answer to the question, I would tell you.,虚拟语气,与过去事实相反： If +从句(过去完成时had done), 主句(would + have done) If you had got up earlier this morning, you would have caught the train. If it ha