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快速阅读与选词填空,2010-1-29,快速阅读 Passage One,文章大意 这篇文章讲了美国高等教育机构方面的知识:包括美国大学 的教学人员、教育机构类别、招生情况、学费以及教育机构 的经费来源等五个方面。 各小题答案解析 1.问题是“在大多数大学里,头两年要求学生学习哪些课程?”,第一段第 4、5行告诉我们: In most colleges the first two years are designed to provide a broad general education, and during this time, the college student is usually required to take courses in general areas of study 所以答案是B. 这一题不需要我们概括,可以直接在篇章中找到对应的地方。,2. 这一题属于选择填空的形式,第一段第1、2行有这样的叙述College students are called undergraduates, and their four years of study are divided into freshman, sophomore, junior and senior years 所以答案是C.这一题给第1题一样的,不需要我们概括,可以直接在篇 章中找到对应的地方。 3. 这一题属于选择填空的形式,这道题考查了该文第三段的知识点,该 段第3行告诉我们答案是A:Professional schools differ widely in their requirements for admission and the lengths of their programs 4. 这道题考查了文章第4段的信息点。The departments are staffed by faculty members ranging from full professors to instructors. A full professor has tenure, which is a permanent appointment with guaranteed employment at the institution until his retirement. Ranking below the full professors are the associate professors, who may or may not have tenure, depending on the policy of the particular college or university. Next are the assistant professors, who do not have tenure. At the bottom of this academic ladder are the instructors,与前面三小题不同,文章并没有很直接明了的告诉我们该题的答案,但 我们通读该段后可以得出明白美国大学教学员工可以分为四个级别:正 教授、副教授、助理教授和助教,答案为D。 5.该题类似判断题的性质,要求选出“有关私立大学和公立大学,哪些选 项是不真实的?”该题考查了第6段信息点。选出答案可以用排除法,也 可以直接选出。该段第4、5行是选出答案的关键句The academic programs of these private and public institutions are very similar 所以答案是C。该题A、B、D选项都可以在该段里面找到对应信息。 6.该题属于选择填空的形式,考查了第7段的信息,该段第6行A few nonresidents are admitted to state schools, but they must pay much higher tuition fees than residents of the state告诉我们答案是A。,7.该题考查了第8段的信息点,问题是“当一位学生向一所私立学校提出 申请的时候,哪个选项不在考虑该生的范围?”该段第4、5、6 行basing their judgment on these applications, the results of the examinations, high school records, and other factors such as personal interviews with the applicants and letters of recommendation from high school teachers告诉答案是B。 8-10. 这三道题属于填空题。分别可以在第9、10、11段中找到对应 的句子。Many students at private and public colleges work while they are attending school in order to pay their expenses(第8题) Because of steadily rising costs, many private institutions have had to raise tuition rates, reduce scholarship aid, and limit some academic programs (第9题) they have often been able to depend on state legislators for financial support (第10题),比较难的词汇 coeducational: adj. 男女同校的 seminar: n. 研讨会,研究 疑难句子翻译 Classes vary from seminars, or small discussion groups, of fewer than twenty to large lecture courses for hundreds of students(P5 L6-7) 上课形式多样化:从不到20人的小组讨论到数百人的课堂讲座。 文化要点 college 和 university的区别: college是学院 一般规模小,university是综合性大学,学科全,比较大。,快速阅读 Passage Two,文章大意 这篇文章讲述的是向美国申请绿卡(即永久居住权)的相关知识。哪些 人可以提出申请,申请者需具备哪些条件才可以向美国申请绿卡以及申 请者的优先顺序是什么样的等等。 各小题答案解析 11. 该题问的是“下面哪些人不能够获得绿卡?”,该题考查的是文章中 第一部分 Immediate Relatives of U.S. Citizens(美国公民的直系亲属)的 信息点。该部分里有这样的条款parents of U.S. citizens, if the U.S. citizen child is at least at the age of 21 根据该条款,选项A是不符合的, 所以答案是A。 该题的B、C、D选项都可以根据该部分的信息确定为是 符合条件的。,12. 这一题属于选择填空的形式,在“美国公民的直系亲属”那一部分里, 有这样的叙述An unlimited number of green cards are available for immediate relatives whose U.S. citizen relatives petition for themapplicants can get a green card as soon as they get through the paperwork and application process 所以答案是B。这一题不需要我们概括,可以直接在篇章中找到对应的 地方。 13. 这道题考查了该文第二部分“其它家庭成员” 里的信息点,问题是“下 面哪些人将会最先取得绿卡?” Family First Preference. Unmarried adults, aged 21 or older, who have at least one U.S. citizen parent告诉我们 选项C(父亲是美国人的30岁的单身男子)符合条件的,其它A、B、D 选项的优先顺序都排在后面,所以答案是C。,14. 这道题考查了文章第三部分“优先的雇员和工人”的信息点,问题是 “大多数情况下,雇员得到绿卡的前提条件是什么?”。第三部分里In most cases, a job offer is also required, and the employer must prove that it has recruited for the job and not found any willing, able, qualified U.S. citizens or residents to hire instead of the immigrant 告诉我们答案是A。 15.该题问的是“特殊的移民包括哪些?”,这道题考查了第5部分的信息 点,同时也考查了英语综合能力,该题需要我们在第5部分的信息基础 上加以概括,寻找这些特殊移民的共同点。答案是A。 16.该题属于选择填空的形式,答案可以直接在第6部分第二段里找 到,该题比较简单。答案是D。 17. 该题同样考查了第6部分(特赦和特殊的农业工人地位)第二段里 的信息“现在人们不能根据“特赦”申请绿卡了,原因是?”第6部分第二段 里The deadline for filing applications has passed(填写申请的截止日期 已经过去了)因此,答案是C。,18-20. 这三道题属于填空题。分别可以在第7、8部分中找到对应 的句子。 The law allows certain people who have lived illegally in the United States for more than ten years to request permanent residence (第18题) Youll need to show that you have good moral character and are not inadmissible (第19题) Individual members of the U.S. Congress have, on occasion, intervened for humanitarian reasons in extraordinary cases, helping someone get permanent residence even if the law would not allow it (第20题),比较难的词汇 preference: n. 优先权,优惠 miscellaneous: adj. 多才多艺的,独特的 deportation: n. 驱逐出境 consulate: n. 领事馆 疑难句子翻译 Individual members of the U.S. Congress have, on occasion, intervened for humanitarian reasons in extraordinary cases, helping someone get permanent residence even if the law would not allow it.(最后一段) 美国国会个别成员,在特殊情况下,有时会进行干预,出于人道主义原 因他们会帮助一些人获得永久居住权,即使法律不允许。,快速阅读 Passage Three,文章大意 这篇文章讲述的是我们比较熟悉的话题“博客”,作者通过举例,反 应生活当中人们对博客的使用情况以及对博客的看法。 各小题答案解析 (这篇文章的选择题都是选择填空形式的,相当比较简单) 21. 该题在第三段第2行里课可以找到Such bloggers often feel compelled to write several times daily and feel anxious if they dont keep up. 所以答案是B。,22.该题与第21题一样,在第4段第1行里课可以找 到The number of bloggers has grown quickly, thanks to sites like .所以答案是C。 23. 这题的相关信息是第8段的第一句话Mr. Wiggins, 48, a senior information technologist at Michigan State University in East Lansing 所以 答案是C。 24.该题的信息在第九段第3行Recent reflections on wigblog . have focused on Gmail, Googles new e-mail service.所以答案是B。 25. 这题的相关信息是第11段的第一句话said blogging began to feel like an addiction 所以答案是B。 26.该题的相关信息在第15段第2行Barbara Quint, the editor of the magazine, said she did all she could to 所以答案是B。 27. 这题的相关信息是第17段的第一句话Mr. Jarvis characterizes the blogging way of life as a routine rather than an obsession 所以答案是A。,28-30. 这三道题属于填空题。分别可以在第13、6、18段中找到对应 的句子。 Mr. Pierce described the rush he gets from what he called “the fix” provided by his blog. “The pleasure response is twofold,” he said. “You can have instant response (第28题) By Jupiter Researchs estimate, only 4 percent of online users read blogs (第29题) Suffering from a similar form of “blog fatigue,” Bill Barol(第20题),比较难的词汇 novelty: n. 新鲜感,新奇 periodical: n. 期刊,杂志 疑难句子翻译 A few blogs have thousands of readers, but never have so many people written so much to be read by so few.(P6 L1) 虽然个别的博客有成千上万名读者,但是从来不会有很多这样的人:自 己写这么多,结果只有很少人去阅读的人。(言外之意,有很多博客主 会因为没人阅读自己的博客而停止写作),快速阅读 Passage Four,文章大意 这篇文章是一篇科普文章,讲述了医学界的一个新发现,医生在治疗的 过程当中发现医生仅仅用药物去减轻病人的痛苦是不够的,还要团结病 人一起,调动病人精神层面的因素一起对抗疾病,这样的治疗方法比纯 粹药物治疗效果要好。 各小题答案解析 31. 该题问的是“该文章主要讨论的话题是什么?”,该题考查的是对全文 大意的理解。其实,文章的标题Using the Mind Against Diseases(用意 志对抗疾病)就告诉了我们答案。 所以答案是A。,32. 该题问的是“心理治疗方法是如何工作的?”,该题考查的是第一段里 的信息点,该段第6行告诉我们Because the patient is working with the medicine and the doctors against the disease, his or her attitude changes. The patient does not wait for the medicine and treatment to cure him or her, but instead the patient joins in the fight所以答案是B。 33. 这道题考查了该文第二段里的信息点,该段最后一句话:Simontons method emphasizes treatment of the whole patient by treating both the body and the mind.由此得出答案是B。 34. 这道题的问题是“心理治疗方法的使用对哪些病人是有帮助的?”,该 题考查了对第4段相关信息的理解,this use of psychology does help some patients because their attitudes about themselves change 因此答案是C。,35. 这道题考查了文章第5段的相关信息点,该段第6行In this way, the patient uses his mind to help his body respond to the treatment “in this way”,指的就是“suggestion therapy”,这属于等量信息的替换。因此答案 是D。 36.该题考查了文章第6段的相关信息,问的是“暗示疗法不能用于下面哪 一个方面治疗?”,答案是D。 37. 该题相对较难,考查了对整个文章信息点的理解,问的是“(根据这 篇文章)哪一个选项是不正确的?”。最后一段里Nobody knows how suggestion works(没有人指的暗示疗法是怎样起作用的?)因此,答 案是C。选项A、D可以在该段里找到对应信息,选项C刚好是文章第4 部分的大标题。,38-40. 这三道题属于填空题。分别可以在第2段第4行、第7段第2行、第 8段第1行中找到对应的句子。 The medical treatment might cure the patients physical problems but the patients mind must fight the emotional ones (第38题) Children respond quickly to the treatment because they are fascinated by it (第39题) Many professional medical groups have accepted the medical use of psychology because they recognize its value (第40题),比较难的词汇 chronic disease: 慢性疾病 asthma: n. 哮喘 疑难句子翻译 Doctors have also used suggestion to change habits like nail-biting, thumb- sucking, and sleep-related problems.(P7 L7-8) 医生还用这种暗示疗法来帮助改变人们一些不好的习惯,比如,咬指 甲、吸拇指以及跟睡眠相关的问题。,快速阅读 Passage Five,文章大意 这篇文章以美国为例讲述了“正在消失的代沟”这个话题,包括父母和子女 之间关系变化的原因、专家给出的警告、彼此增长的理解和家庭关系该 何去何从等几个方面。 各小题答案解析 (这篇文章的选择题都是选择填空形式的,相当比较简单) 41. 该题问的是“根据这篇文章的作者,代沟?”,该题属于选择填空, 考查的是文章第3段里的信息,该段第一句话Today, the generation gap has not disappeared, but it is shrinking in many families 其中“shrink”是做 这道题的关键,意思是“缩小”,所以答案是B。,42. 这一题属于选择填空的形式,考查点在第5段里Family researchers offer a variety of reasons for these evolving roles and attitudes. They see the 1960s as a benchmark(基准点) 所以答案是A。这一题不需要我们概括,可以直接在篇章中找到对应的 地方。 43. 这道题考查了该文第6段里的信息点,问题是“始于20世纪70年代的 父母效能训练运动,改变了什么?”。第6段第一句话 A popular movement with roots in the 1970s, Parent Effectiveness Training, has helped to reshape generational roles reshape意思是“改变,重塑”告诉我们答案选项D。 44. 该题问的是“其中父母鼓励孩子独立的原因是什么?”,该题考查的相 关信息在第7段第3-4行里Time-short parents also encourage childrens independence, making them more responsible for themselves “Time-short” 意思是缺乏时间的,言外之意,这些父母很忙,没有时间。 所以答案是A。,45. 这道题考查了文章第8段里的信息点The self-esteem movement of the past quarter-century has also affected family dynamics(动力). Some parents worry that if they tell their children no, or impose limits, it will hurt the childrens self-esteem 告诉我们答案是C。 46.该题问的是?”,这道题考查了第10段里的信息点,该段最后一句话he explains, adding that a lack of respect for parents could carry over into relationships with teachers, bosses, and others in positions of authority答案是B。 47. 该题考查了第12段里的信息,该段第一句话“Parents have to be careful not to totally be their kids buddy(朋友), because they still have to be the authoritarian and disciplinarian,“ Krattenmaker says因此,答案是C。,48-50. 这三道题属于填空题。分别可以在第9段第7行、第10段第6行、第12段第5行中找到信息相对应的句子。 He believes that parentsin their eagerness to keep the peace and avoid argumentsmiss an opportunity to teach children how to resolve conflicts, rather than simply avoiding them (第48题) Lowe says. Problems also arise when it promotes overindulgence(过分 溺爱), sometimes in an effort to avoid harming the relationship, rather than teaching children moderation and the limits of life (第49题) Children are being viewed as very loved and valued family members, but without the power or authority of the parents (第50题),比较难的词汇 egalitarian: adj. 主张人人平等的 疑难句子翻译 Conversations that would not have taken place a generation ago or that would have been awkward, on subjects such as sex and drugsnow are comfortable and common.(P4 L1-3) 父母和子女的谈话不会像上一代那样感到尴尬,比如涉及到性、吸 毒这样的话题,现在他们谈及这类的话题感到很舒适,很正常。,选词填空Passage One,文章大意 这篇文章讲述了关于价格的相关知识,什么是价格?它在我 们生活当中扮演什么样的角色等等。 词性分析 副词: fully ,partially 动词:exchanged, depend, determines, involved 名词: transaction, profession, professional 形容词: familiar, clear, similar,composed, complicated 动名词:including,各小题答案解析 1. D 根据所学语法知识,该空白处需要填的是一个动词,并且根据词 性、时态和单复数可以确定应该是D。 2. J 该处讲的是美国的价格系统是个复杂的网络,由很多部门组成, be composed of 是个固定用法,由组成,在这里充当后置定语。 3.L 根据上下文和词性加以筛选。 4.O 该空白处需填一个形容词,根据语境和词义,complicated最合 适。 5.B 固定搭配:depend upon. 6.F 该空白处缺乏一个名词,并且能跟前面market 搭配,可以确定为 transaction最恰当。 7.E 后置定语,修饰前面的the amount of money,“所涉及的金额” 。 8.G 固定搭配:be familiar with。 9.K 空白处缺一个形容词或动名词,根据上下文的意思,应该是被交 换的产品。所以应该是exchanged。 10.A 空白处缺一个副词,可供选择的单词里面只有两个副词,再根据 词义,可以确定为fully。,选词填空Passage Two,文章大意 这篇文章讲述了一个名为Roberto Feliz 的人的学习语言的经验,用双 语教育进行学习一门新的语言效果更加明显。 词性分析 wonder n.& v. native adj. decent adj. acquired v. acceptance n. countless adj. consistently adv. effective adj. recalled v. regained v. hid v. breakthrough n. nightmare n. prominent adj. automatically adv. 各小题答案解析 11. E 根据所学语法知识,该空白处需要填的是一个名词,并且根据上 下文意思可以确定应该是nightmare。 12. I 该处缺一个动词,根据上下文的意思,确定为hid。,13.F 根据上下文和词性加以筛选。 14.D 该空白处需填一个动词,根据时态、语境和词汇搭配,regained 最合适 “重新找回自信,恢复自信”。 15.J 此处缺少一个形容词,根据上下文可以确定答案。 16.B 该空白处缺乏一个动词,根据上下文,可以确定答案。 17.L 根据词性和词义可以确定答案。 18.H 此处缺少一个形容词,根据词汇搭配和上下文的意思,可以确 定effective最合适。 19.C 此处缺少一个副词,再根据上下文的意思,可以确定 consistently最合适,因为该句话讲的是双语学生在学习过程 中,经常比同龄人表现优越。 20.G 这个空白处要根据上下文的意思去选择。,选词填空Passage Three,文章大意 这篇文章属于科普文章,讲述的是阳光对人类健康的影响有了新的认识 和发现。人们传统的看法是晒太阳过多会提供人们得皮肤病的风险和几 率,但,新的发现是对大部分人来说,晒太阳比人们认为的更加有力健 康,其价值超过了患皮肤癌症的风险。 词性分析 chance n. widely adv. decreases v. terribly adv. increases v. strengthening gerund. sunlight n. from prep. evidence n. potential adj. dangerous adj. weakening gerund. suggested v. healthier adj. of prep.,各小题答案解析 21. J 该空白处后面有个than,很明显需要填一个形容词的比较级。 22. N 根据词义搭配,再根据上下文的意思确定答案。 23. O 固定搭配:warn somebody of something 24. G 该空白处缺少一个动词,再根据上下文的意思加以筛选。 25. D 该处缺少一个形容词,再根据上下文意思加以筛选。 26. F 该处缺少一个副词,根据上下文的意思可以确定答案。 27. C 该处缺少一个名词,根据上下文意思可以确定应该是对阳光作 出反应。 28. M 根据词性和上下文意思筛选。,29. E 该空白处相对较难,The researchers said it was premature to advise people to spend more time in the sun, but the basis of the current advice to cover up should be reviewed(研究人员说,虽然让 人们多晒太阳的建议有些过早,但是建议应该对目前的要少晒太阳的建 议给予重新评价。).句子很长,结构有些复杂。首先弄清楚but后面的 主语仍然是The researchers ,再加上后面有should be reviewed, should 一词很关键,强调说话人的口气,所以选suggested。 30. A 根据词义搭配和上下文的意思。,选词填空Passage Four,文章大意 这篇文章属于科普文章,美国一个杂志发表的一些研究结果:上夜班降 低人们患帕金森氏症的风险,还有一些相关的研究和推理信息。 词性分析 therefore adv. investigated v. little adj.& adv. previous adj. conversely adv. later adv. range v. accounting gerund. modest adj. linked adj. doubtful adj. protective adj. risk n. number n. evaluated v.,各小题答案解析 31. E 该处缺少一个名词,根据上下文可以确定为risk。 32. G 该处缺少一个副词,可供选择的有两个副词,再根据上下文的 意思可以确定。 33. C 根据词义搭配和上下文的意思。 34. B 根据词性和词义。 35. D 固定搭配:be linked to。 36. F 该处需要填一个动词的过去分词,在根据上下文的意思进行确 定答案。 37. O 根据词性和上下文的意思。 38. H 固定搭配:account for “说明,解释,对负责” 39. M 该空白处需要根据词性搭配,并且结合上下文加以筛选。 40. N 根据词性和语境确定答案。,选词填空Passage Five,文章大意 这篇文章讲述人们在生活当中观察别人很少能够做到冷静而客观的,以 及相关方面的信息。 词性分析 However adv.& conj. Furthermore adv. information n. terms n. responses n. idea n. bring v. enables v. variety n. changes n.& v. task n. methods n. often adv. always adv. accept v.,各小题答案解析 41. B 空白处缺少一个名词,根据词义和上下文可以确定答案。 42. E 固定搭配,more often than not,“往往,经常” 43. F 该空白处缺一个副词,在根据上下文的叙述关系,应该是递进 关系,所以答案是Furthermore。 44. N 根据词义和上下文确定答案。 45. M 固定搭配:a variety of “很多,各种各样的”。 46. G 固定用法,response to 对的反应 47. I 根据词性和上下文的意思确定答案。 48. K 根据词性和上下文的意思确定答案。 49. O 该处缺少一个动词,根据词义和句子的时态以及主语的单复数 可以确定为accept。 50. H 该处缺少一个动词,根据词义搭配和句子的时态以及主语的单 复数可以确定为enables。,仔细阅读专项练,Passage One to Passage Ten 魏艳,Passage One,文章大意:科学研究表明人们需要多用脑,保持思维活跃。多用脑能使人更具有适应能力,有利于健康。 各小题答案解析: 1. 此题为细节题, 答案是C, 定位在第二自然段的第一和第二句话。People will be alert and receptive if they are faced with(面临,面对) information that gets them to think about things they are interested in. And someone with a history of doing more rather than less will go into old age more cognitively sound(认知健全)than someone who has not had an active mind. 这两句话的意思是“如果人们面临能激发自己思考的信息时会变得敏锐,而且乐于接受并积极思考。而思维活跃善于思考的人的认知能力发展要更健全。”,所以能推断出答案是C。,2. 此题为细节题,答案是B,定位在第三自然段的最后一句话,Fozard and others say they challenge their brains with different mental skills, both because they enjoy them and because they are sure that their range of activities will help the way their brains work. 3. 此题为细节题,答案是D,定位在第三自然段的第一句话,Many experts are so convinced of the benefits of challenging the brain that they are putting the theory to work in their own lives. 4. 第四题为细节题,答案是A,定位在最后一自然段的第二句话,Cohen says that we are frequently advised to keep physically active as we age,解题的关键是frequently(频繁的),与题中的generally 对应。 5. 此题为主旨题,通读全文可知文章主要谈的是积极动脑进行思考对人的好处答案是B。,生词: Receptive adj. 善于接受的 E.g. He is receptive of new thoughts. Sound adj. 健全的,健康的;正确的,明智的 难句: And someone with a history of doing more rather than less will go into old age more cognitively sound than someone who has not had an active mind.(P2 L2) 比起不太动脑的人来说,思维活跃善于思考的人的认知能力发展要更健全。 专有名词: National Institute on Aging全国老年研究所,Passage Two,文章大意: 通过对运动场上队员和对手较量过程的描述,反映出“言语,话语”能会影响人们行为这一事实。 各小题答案解析: 6. 此题为主旨题,B,C,D,都是来细节来说明支撑主旨的,不是作者的主要观点,答案是A。 7. 此题为细节题,答案是B,定位在第三自然段的第二、三句话。Thus,when a player meets an opponent, he or she may tend to treat that opponent as an enemy. At such times, every action, no matter how gross, may be considered justifiable. 8.此题为细节题,答案是D,定位在第三自然段的最后一句话,The player proceeded to rub his glove across his wet T-shirt ,9.此题为细节题,答案是C, 答案定位在第四自然段的第二句话,I have witnessed a player reacting to his opponents intentional and illegal blocking by deliberately hitting him with the ball as hard as he could during the course of play . 10.此题为推理题,答案是D, 答案定位在第四自然段的最后一句话以及第五自然段,It certainly gives proof of a court attitude (球场态度)which departs from normal behavior. I believe it is time we elevated(提升) the game to the level where it belongs, thereby setting an example to the rest of the sporting world. 生词: referee n. 裁判 bloodshed n. 流血 connotation n. 隐含意义 adversary n. 敌人;对手(竞赛) gross adj. 粗俗的 proceed v. 开始,着手做 proceed to do associate n. 伙伴,同事,朋友 E.g. He is one of my associates at the store.,Passage Three 文章大意:婴儿学会做某一动作,并不仅仅因为有食品或其他物质的安慰,而是因为他们具有人类最基本的对成功的渴求和控制世界的意愿。 各小题题解: 11. 此题为细节题,答案是C,定位在第二自然段的最后一句话,Babies will learn to behave in ways that produce results in the world with no reward except the successful outcome. 12. 此题为细节题,答案是C,定位在第三自然段的第二句话,Then he noticed that a baby who had had enough to drink would refuse the milk but would go on making the learned response with clear signs of pleasure.,13.此题为推断题,答案是A,定位在第三自然段的最后一句话,He quickly found that children as young as four months would learn to turn their heads to right or left if the movement “switched on” a display of lights. 另外,此题可用排除法做。 14.此题为细节题,答案是D,定位在第四自然段的最后一句话的前半部分,Papousek concluded that it was not primarily the sight of the lights which pleased them, it was the success they were achieving in solving the problem. 15.此题为细节题,答案是A,定位在第四自然段的最后一句话的后半部分,that there exists a fundamental human urge to make

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