中考英语基础-词类和句子成分结构.ppt

词类和句子结构,Welcome to my class!,文章,基础知识结构,段落,句子,词组,单词,树根?,单词,树枝?,句子,look! the tree,句子成分,树叶?,NIE JI QIAN,冠词,定冠词,不定冠词,介词,连系v.,地点,方式,方位,连词,并列,从属,感叹词,hello what how,名词,时间,专有,普通,可数,不可数,动词,代词,形容词,副词,数词,及物,不及物,实义v.,基数词,助v.,情态v.,人称,物主,指示,反身,不定,定语,表语,地点,频率,方式,时间,序数词,词,NIE JI QIAN,实词,虚词,practice,news fact usually nice your them theirs the everyone reach like but twenty-first one at with should have been to,词类辨析,用途,结构,句,陈述句,感叹句,疑问句,祈使句,特殊句,简单句,并列句,复合句,否定句,肯定句,否定型,肯定型,how,what,一般疑问句,反意疑问句,选择疑问句,特殊疑问句,宾语从句,定语从句,状语从句,NIE JI QIAN,1. 主语 + 系 (link-v.) + 表语 2. 主语 + 谓语 3. 主语 + 谓语 + 宾语 4. 主语 + 谓语 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语 5. 主语 + 谓语 + 宾语 + 宾语补足语,五种基本句型,1. 主语 + 系 (link-v.) + 表语,He is an English teacher. The weather gets cold. Kunming becomes beautiful.,2. 主语 + 谓语 (vi.),He arrived. He arrived yesterday. He came back.,3. 主语 + 谓语（vt./vi+介词) + 宾语,I like apples. She often listens to music . He arrived at Kunming yesterday,4. 主语 + 谓语(vt.) + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语,He gave me a book. The old man told us a story. Mother bought me a new watch.,5. 主语 + 谓语 + 宾语 + 宾语补足语,He encouraged me to work hard. She saw the boy singing in classroom Tom asked Lily to help him.,主语,谓语,宾语,状语,定语,补语,表语,句子的成分,主语 句子的主体，发出动作的人或物，表示所说的是谁或是什么。主语一般放在句首，特殊句型中，在句末。,He was born in a small village.,代词,Kunming becomes beautiful.,名词,The old man told us a story.,名词或短语,系动词,系动词 亦称连系动词（Link Verb）。作为系动词，它本身有词义，但不能单独用作谓语，后边必须跟表语（名词或形容词），构成系表结构说明主语的状况、性质、特征等情况。,He is an English teacher. The weather gets cold. Kunming becomes beautiful.,表语 用来说明主语的身份、特征、状态等，位于连系动词后。可作表语的有名词、代词、形容词、数词、副词、动词不定式、介词短语、分词短语及从句等,He is an English teacher. The weather gets cold.,名词或短语,形容词,谓语 说明主语的动作特征状态等，由动词或动词短语构成 .,He arrived. I like apples. it gets cold,不及物动词,及物动词,系表结构,宾语 是动作的承受者。及物动词及相当于及物动词的短语后都必须带宾语。,I like apples. He gave me a book. He likes to play basketball,名词,代词,名短,不定式,定语 修饰名词或代词的句子成分。可以做定语的有名词、代词、数词、形容词、副词、动词不定式、介词短语、动名词、分词短语及从句等。形容词作定语放在名词之前，副词或副词短语时常放在名词后,What a lovely day! I have a lot of work to do.,形容词,动词不定式,状语 用来修饰动词、形容词、副词的句子成分称为状语。状语用来说明时间、地点、条件、原因、方式、程度、目的、结果等。 可用作状语的有副词、不定式短语、分词短语、介词短语及从句等。如：,He arrived yesterday. I have a friend in America.,时间副词,地点介短,practice,It sounds good. She can speak English. Could you give me some advice? I will call you as soon as I get to New York. I dont like people who talk much but do little.,句子辨析（成分，用途，结构）,practice,1.But this week ,Jimmy is _(happily) again. 2.He called up all his friends and told