英语语法基本时态.ppt

英语语法基本时态,英教21班 丁红岩,（一）、一般现在时 （二）、一般将来时 （三）、一般过去时,(一). 一般现在时,1. 基本意义： 1) 表示现阶段经常性、习惯性的动作或状态。如： I go to school on foot. The trees are green. 2) 表示个人爱好、习惯。如： I like red and pink. They hate to do lots of housework. 3) 表示客观真理或自然现象。如： Leaves turn yellow in autumn. Our teacher told us that water freezes below zero.,2.基本构成,1) 当表示习惯性的动作时，它的构成是：主语+实义动词+其它。 当主语是we, you, they或复数名词时，句子的谓语动词用原形。当主语是he, she, it,等时，动词要用第三人称单数。变换句型时，要用助动词do/ does。如： She goes to bed late every day. We dont clean our bedroom on Sundays. Do you clean your bedroom on Sunday? 2) 当表示存在的状态时，它的构成是：主语+am / is / are+其它。变换句型时，要借助be动词。如： Are Jim and Danny in China now? Yes, they are. / No, they arent.,3.常用时间状语,every day / month / year, on Sundays, in the morning / afternoon / evening, always, usually, often, sometimes, never, three times a week, every four days等。,4.注意问题,一般现在时主要由动词原形表示，但第三人称单数后的动词词尾有所变化。第三人称单数动词词尾的变化有几种形式： (1). 一般情况加-s (reads, says, takes) (2). 以ch, sh, s, x, 或o结尾的词 加-es teaches, washes, goes, misses, (3).以辅音字母加y结尾的词 变y为i再加-es studies, cries, carries,同步练习,1. Mike sometimes _(go) to the park with his sister. 2. At eight at night, she _(watch) TV with his parents. 3. _ Mike_(read) French every day? 4. How many lessons_your classmate_(have) on Monday? 5. What time_his mother_(do) the housework?,goes,watches,Does,read,does,have,does,do,二.一般将来时,1.一般将来时的基本概念：一般将来时表示将来某一时刻的动作或状态，或将来某一段时间内经常的动作或状态。一般将来时由助动词shall（第一人称），will（第二、三人称）+动词原形构成。,2时间状语连用， 如： tomorrow（明天）， next week（下周）， from now on（从现在开始）；in the future（将来）等。,3.一般将来时的其他用法,1）“to be going to+动词原形”表示即将发生的或最近打算进行的事。例如： It is going to rain. We are going to have a meeting today. 2）go， come，start，move，sail，leave，arrive，stay等可用进行时态表示按计划即将发生的动作，例如： Im leaving for Beijing.,同步习题,1. The old man _ _ ( get up) at six oclock in the morning every day. 2. We _ _ _ (do) some sightseeing tomorrow because we like Chinese culture. 3. Tony_ _ _ (take) a test next week. 4. They _ _ (have) a party with their friends the day after tomorrow. 5. They _ (stay) in a hotel in San Francisco at the moment, but they _ (move) to another hotel very soon.,gets up,are going to do/will do,will take/ is going to take,will have/ are going to have,stay,are moving,三.一般过去式,表示过去某一时间所发生的动作或存在的状态。谓语动词要用一般过去式。经常与yesterday, last week, last month, last year, two months ago, the day before yesterday，in 1990, in those days等表示过去的时间状语连用。 如： I was born in 1990. When did you go to the park? I went to the park last week.,1. 一般过去时态句子结构,(1). Be 动词的一般过去时态 构成：肯定句：主语+was (were) +表语 如：I was late yesterday. 否定句：主语+was (were) +not+表语 如：We werent late yesterday. She wasnt a teacher three years ago. 疑问句：一般疑问句：Was (Were) +主语+表语 如： Were you ill yesterday? Were they once your classmates？ 肯定回答： Yes, I was. 否定句： No, I wasnt. 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+ Was (Were) +主语+表语 Who were your best friends in your primary school?,(2). 实义动词的一般过去时态,肯定句要使用动词的过去式，否定句和疑问句要使用助动词do和 does 的过去式 did. 肯定句为：主语+动词过去式+宾语 如： I went home at nine oclock yesterday. 否定句：主语+didnt +动词原形+宾语 如：I didnt go home yesterday. He didnt tell me about you. 疑问句：一般疑问句：Did +主语+动词原形+宾语 如： Did you go home yesterday? Did you study in the school? 肯定回答： Yes, I did. 否定回答：No, I didnt. 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+did +主语+动词原型+宾语 When did you finish your homework last night? What did you do the day before yesterday?,(3). 助动词和情态动词过去式如下,shallshould（将要）用于第一人称单数 willwould（将要）用于所有人称 can could（能，会） maymight（可以） mustmust （必须） have tohad to（不得不） 助动词和情态动词的过去时态要使用他们的过去式，后面的动词还使用原形。 如： I had to do my homework yesterday. (昨天我不得不做作业。),2. 一般过去时态动词变化形式,一般过去时态由动词的过去式表示。大多数动词的过去式是在动词原形后加上ed构成。这类动词称为规则动词。 1） 一般情况下在词尾直接加ed。 如：playplayed workworked 2） 以e结尾的动词只加d. 如：like- liked loveloved 3） 以辅音字母+Y结尾的动词，变Y为I，再加ed. 如：studystudied carrycarried 4） 以重读闭音节结尾的动词，如果末尾只有一个辅音字母，要双写最后这个辅音字母，再加ed. 如：stopstopped,句型转换,1.Did she study English well?(改为肯定句) She_English well. 2.I went to Los Angeles two years ago.(对划线部分提问) _did you_to Los Angeles? 3.It took us about nine hours to get there.(对划线部分提问) _ _ _it _you to get there? 4.We saw the homes of the movie stars there.(同上) _ did you_there? 5.We got here by bike.(同上) _ _you_here?,studied,When,go,How,long,did,take,What,see,How,did,get,不规则动词过去式,am (是) -was is（是）-was are（是）-were begin（开始）-began bring（拿来）-brought can（能）-could catch（捉住）-caught come（来）-came cut（砍，割）-cut dig（挖，掘）-dug do（做，干）-did draw（画画,拉）-drew drink（喝）-drank drive（驾驶）-drove eat（吃）-ate,fall（跌倒，落下）-fell feel（感觉）-felt fly（飞）-flew get（获得）-got give（给）-gave go（去）-went grow（生长）-grew have (has)（有）-had hurt（伤害）-hurt keep（保持）-kept know（知道，认识）-knew, learn（学习）-learnt/learned leave （离开）-left let（让）-let lie（躺，平放）-lay make（使得，做）-made,may（可以）-might must（必须）-must read（读）-read ride （骑）-rode ring （鸣铃）-rang run （跑）-ran say （说）-said see （看见）-saw sell （卖）-sold send（送）-sent set （放）-set sing（唱歌）-sang sit （坐）-sat sleep （睡觉）-slept smell（闻）-smelt speak（说话）-spoke, spend （花