习语翻译辞格翻译.ppt

习语的翻译,So, first of all, a student should learn not to look down on such idioms just because theyre made up of such simple and easy words. He should look out for identical phrases with different meaning and look them up in a dictionary if he is not sure. Hed bound to run into a lot of trouble when he first uses them, but he shouldnt give in, much less give up. If he keeps trying and keeps at it long enough hell make out and things will turn out well in the end.,Look down on 看不起 made up of由组成 Look out (for)留心(找) look.up 查(词典) Run into遇见 give in 屈服;让步 Give up放弃 keep at坚持(做某事) Make out理解;了解 turn out (well)结果获得成功,So, first of all, a student should learn not to look down on such idioms just because theyre made up of such simple and easy words. He should look out for identical phrases with different meaning and look them up in a dictionary if he is not sure. Hed bound to run into a lot of trouble when he first uses them, but he shouldnt give in, much less give up. If he keeps trying and keeps at it long enough hell make out and things will turn out well in the end.,因此,学生首先不要因为这些成语是由简单,容易学的词组成的而轻视它们.学生应在文章里注意找出这些具有各种不同意义的短语,若无把握,就查字典.在头几次使用这些成语时,必然会碰到不少困难,但应该继续学习,不要退缩.坚持学习一段时间,就一定可以弄懂,可以准确地掌握它们.,Before he gets the hang of how to use them hell make a lot of mistakes. Some mistakes will cause people to hold their sides with laughter, but that shouldnt put him in a stew. He should learn to put up with such things. You might say thats part of the game.,Get the hang of 熟悉;得知 Hold ones sides with laughter捧腹大笑 Put someone in a stew 使某人烦恼(或为难,着急) Put up with something忍受(某事) Part of the game事情就是这样,Before he gets the hang of how to use them hell make a lot of mistakes. Some mistakes will cause people to hold their sides with laughter, but that shouldnt put him in a stew. He should learn to put up with such things. You might say thats part of the game.,学生在熟知这些成语的用法前,一定会犯不少错误.有些错误会使人发笑.但不必着急,对这种事要有耐性.可以说,学好外语,就得这样.,谚语,格言:反映一个民族的地理,历史,社会制度,社会观点和态度. EG. 沿海一带-谚语涉及还是海上航行,经受风雨,捕鱼捉蟹. 游牧民族-沙漠,草原,羊,马,骆驼和豺狼. 尊敬老人的社会-颂扬老人足智多谋. 妇女地位不高的社会-轻视,贬低妇女,汉语谚语的特征:1. 为数众多,各个方面. 2. 明显的中国特征. “小卒过河,意在吃帅.”,-象棋; “挂羊头,卖狗肉”-中国肉店的特点. 3. 反映社会中的不平等和被剥削,被压迫的感情. “卖花姑娘插竹叶,卖线姑娘裙脚裂”, “只准州官放火,不准百姓点灯” 4. 佛教对中国习俗,思想的影响 “远看菩萨,近看泥巴” “平时不烧香,临时抱佛脚” 5. 反映互助,友爱,与人为善的精神 “前人栽树,后人乘凉” “一个篱笆三个桩,一个好汉三个帮”,相似的谚语 Strike while the iron is hot. 趁热打铁. Many hands make light work.人多办好事. Haste makes waste. 欲速则不达. Out of sight, out of mind.眼不见,心不烦. Birds of a feather flock together. 物以类聚,人以群分 . Look before you leap.三思而后行. Where theres smoke theres fire. 无风不起浪. Where theres a will theres a way.有志者事竟成.,形同意合 Walls have ears。 Facts speak louder than words. A fall into the pit, a gain in your wit. 吃一堑，长一智。 Business is business. 公事公办。 Like father, like son.有其父，必有其子。,形不同意合 Love me, love my dog.爱屋及乌。 Teach fish to swim.班门弄斧。 There are plenty of fish in the sea.天涯何处无芳草。 A sparrow cannot understand the ambition of a swan.燕雀安知鸿鹄之志。,形相远而意相近 A horse stumbles that has four legs.人非圣贤，孰能无过。/金无足赤，人无完人。 All your swans are geese.事与愿违。 A watched pot never boils.心急吃不了热豆腐。 Everybodys business is nobodys business.三个和尚没水喝。,转形解意 One swallow does not make a summer. One flower does not make a spring.,习语，包括固定搭配使用的词组或短语、成语、典故、俚语、歇后语、谚语、格言等。,文化差异无处不在-习语 翻译的难点-不同文化特色进行比较研究,思维方式的比较,英语强调个体、逻辑，而不是整体，并习惯于抽象思维；汉语则强调整体、直觉和主语，并常运用具体形象思维。 -不同的语言形式和语言效果,思维方式的比较,1. Justice has long arms. 2. rob Peter to pay Paul 3. Once bitten, twice shy. 4. He waited for her arrival with a frenzied agitation.,1. 天网恢恢，疏而不漏。 2. 拆东墙补西墙。 3. 一朝被蛇咬，十年怕草绳 4. 他等着她来拿，急得像热锅上的蚂蚁。,2宗教信仰的比较(历史典故),Man proposes, God disposes. “God helps those who help themselves”， “Talk of the devil and the devil will appear” “An eye for an eye，a tooth for a tooth”， “the writinghandwriting on the wall” You are just a doubting Thomas. You wont believe what I tell you. Achilles heel a Pandoras box,“佛要金装，人要衣装”， “平时不烧香，临时抱佛脚” “泥菩萨过河，自身难保” “跑得了和尚跑不了庙” 三顾茅庐、卧薪尝胆,His retort was delivered with a strong note of vinegar. Mary and her mother are as like as two peas.,他怒气冲冲地进行了回击。 玛丽和她妈妈长相酷似。,3心理联想的比较,同一种形象在不同的文化国度中会有不同 vinegar在汉语中的比喻联想意义是“忌妒”“醋劲大发”、“醋坛子”、“醋罐子”等； 而在英语中它的联想意义是“bad temper”或“being unhappy”， Eg. His retort was delivered with a strong note of vinegar. Mary and her mother are as like as two peas.,风俗习惯的差异,小菜一碟-a piece of cake 动物词汇，如狗-dog,地域文化的差异,地理环境 自然环境 夏天-summer 赤日炎炎似火烧，骄阳似火 Shakespeare: Shall I compare thee to a summer day? Thou art more lovely and more temperate. 雪莱的“西风颂”-中国和英国的西风,习语文化翻译策略,习语文化特色的处理技巧归纳为四大类：直译法、意译法、使用对等或相应习语法以及三者结合法。,1直译法(包括直译加注或解释语),直译即在比喻意义不改变的情况下将原语 习语中的形象直接译成译语。 -能够几乎完整地保留原语习语的文化特色，也能够丰富译语的语言文化,金元外交 (from “dollar policy”) 大棒加胡萝卜政策 (from “a stick-and-carrot policy”) 时间就是金钱 (from“Time is money”) paper tigers (纸老虎) An inch of time is an inch of goId (一寸光 阴一寸金) A gentleman uses his tongue，not his fists.(君子动口不动手),Hide a dagger in a smile 笑里藏刀 (2)a long road tests a horses strength and a long task proves a mans heart路遥知马力，日久见人心 (3)all crows are equally black天下乌鸦一般黑,然而简单的直译有它的局限性，有时需加注或解释语来保留其文化特色。,Bull in a china shop 译文：公牛闯进瓷器店肆意捣乱 While it may seem to be painting the lily, I should like to add somewhat to Mr. Allistair Cooks excellent article.,While it may seem to be painting the lily, I should like to add somewhat to Mr. Allistair Cooks excellent article. 译文：我想给阿里斯太尔库克先生的杰作 稍加几笔，尽管这也许是为百合花上色，费力不讨好。,意译法,当直译、直译加注或解释语都不能准确传达习语的比喻意义时，意译法则可被使用。如：Christ is leading a dogs life.,Christ is leading a dogs life. 译文：1)克里斯过着狗一样的日子。 2)克里斯过着非人的生活。 原语习语“to lead a dogs life”意义为“过 着充满焦虑、麻烦和不幸的生活”,until all is over ambition never dies 不到黄河心不死 fail to recognize someones eminence 有眼不识泰山,3使用对等或相应习语法,当习语和译语习语在意思、风格、色彩等方面都真正对等的情况下 as light as a feather 轻如鸿毛 a drop in the ocean 沧海一粟 to have an old head on young shoulders 少年老成,结合法：直译、意译、使用对等或相应习语三者有机地结合,1)下海 译文：plunging into the Sea of Business 2) This is a rag to the bull. 译文：这话简直是朝着公牛摇晃红布，火上 加油。,Practice,to be armed to the teeth to shed crocodile tears as cold as ice People considered that what he had played on that occasion was no more than a Judas kiss. The favors of Government are like the box of Pandora, with this important difference; that they rarely leave hope at bottom. The best fish swim （are） near the bottom. If two ride on a horse, one must ride behind.,The apples on the other side of the wall are the sweetest. Better be the head of a dog than the tail of a lion. Some prefer turnips and others pears. as lean as a rail clean hand It was by no means a bed of rose. He cries wine and sells vinegar. as clear as daylight All shall be well, Jack shall have Jill. Diamonds cut Diamonds. Pay on the spot and borrow a lot; pay slow and youll get no dough.,start a hare to bring down the house plain sailing to show ones clean heels to go on a wild goose chase as greedy as a wolf Every bean has its black. laugh off ones head break the earth wash off ones hands There is no rose without a thorn. throw in the sponge pour oil on troubled waters open sesame Good wine needs no bush.,直译,to be armed to the teeth 武装到牙齿（该典故出自从前南美的北海岸的海盗，他们除了两手都持武器外，在牙齿间还要咬一把刀。） Time is money. 时间就是金钱（比“一寸光阴一寸金”流行） to shed crocodile tears 掉鳄鱼眼泪 as cold as ice 冰冷 to trim the sail to the wind看风使帆 Too many cooks spoil the broth. 厨子多了煮坏汤。 Blood is thicker than water. 血浓于水。,直译加注,a bull in a china shop公牛闯进瓷器店肆意捣乱 to shed crocodile tears流鳄鱼眼泪假慈悲 People considered that what he had played on that occasion was no more than a Judas kiss. 人们认为他在那种场合所表演的不过是犹大之吻居心险恶。 The favors of Government are like the box of Pandora, with this important difference; that they rarely leave hope at bottom. 政府的恩惠如同潘多拉的盒子，后患无穷，主要不同之处是：盒底很少留有希望。,直译加注,The best fish swim （are） near the bottom.好鱼居水底有价值的东西不能轻易得到。 Fish begins to stink at the end.鱼要腐烂头先烂上梁不正下梁歪。 If two ride on a horse, one must ride behind.两人骑一匹马，总有一人坐在后面两人参加的事只能一人为主。 The apples on the other side of the wall are the sweetest.隔墙的苹果最甜这山看着那山高。 Dont forget to cross your ts.写时不要忘记 t上面那一横一言一行都不要马虎草率。,套译,Better be the head of a dog than the tail of a lion. 宁为鸡首，不为牛后。 Some prefer turnips and others pears.萝卜白菜，各有所爱。（比译为“有人喜欢萝卜，有人喜欢梨”更能为中国读者所理解和接受。 ） as lean as a rail 骨瘦如柴 （如 直译为“瘦得像个横杆”，则不符合中国人习惯。） clean hand 两袖清风 It was by no means a bed of rose. 这决不是安乐窝。 He cries wine and sells vinegar. 挂羊头，卖狗肉。,套译,as pale （or white） as ashes（ or sheet or death） 面如土色 as red as rose 艳如桃李 as clear as daylight 洞若观火 All shall be well, Jack shall have Jill. 有情人终成眷属。 He robs Peter to pay Paul. 拆东墙补西墙。 Diamonds cut Diamonds. 棋逢对手，将遇良才。英雄惜英雄 Pay on the spot and borrow a lot; pay slow and youll get no dough.好借好还，再借不难。,直译加意译,laugh off ones head笑掉了牙 break the earth破土动工 wash off ones hands洗手不干 There is no rose without a thorn. 玫瑰皆有刺，乐中必有苦。（比意译的“世上没有十全十美的幸福。“简洁形象。） Every flow has its ebb. 潮有涨落日， 人有盛衰时。,意译加注,throw in the sponge 认输，投降 （注：若拳击运动员的副手把擦身用的海绵抛向空中，则表示这个运动员认输因而不进入下一轮比赛。） pour oil on troubled waters 平息风波，息事宁人（注：传说航海遇到风浪时，若把油倒进海里，可起到使海浪平息的作用。） open sesame 敲门砖， 过难关的秘诀（注：天方夜谈中的阿里巴巴与四十大盗故事说：一个山洞内藏有无数的金银财宝，但洞门紧闭，必须用咒语“开门芝麻”才能打开。） Good wine needs no bush. 酒好客自来。（注：英国从前流行一种风俗，人们常在商店的门口外挂某种东西作为该店经营某种商品的标志， 挂常春藤ivybush标志的常为酒店。） 来源:,辞格与翻译,The Leader by Anonymous Patient and steady with all he must bear, Ready to accept every challenge with care, Easy in manner, yet solid as steel, Strong in his faith, refreshingly real, Isnt afraid to propose what is bold, Doesnt conform to the usual mold, Eyes that have foresight, for hindsight wont do, Never back down when he sees what is true, Tells it all straight, and means it all too, Going forward and knowing hes right, Even when doubted for why he would fight, Over and over he makes his case clear, Reaching to touch the ones who wont hear, Growing in strength, he wont be unnerved, Ever assuring hell stand by his word, Wanting the world to join his firm stand, Bracing for war, but praying for peace, Using his power so evil will cease, So much a leader and worthy of trust, Here stands a man who will do what he must.,镶字格,夸张（HYPERBOLE）,(1)“隔壁千家嘴，开坛十里香。”这是一副酒家对联。 上联的隔壁能使千家人醉倒，即言酒味浓重；下联的“开坛”能使十里的人闻到香气，即言酒气香醇。 (2)The noise was loud enough to wake up the dead那声音足可以将死人吵醒。,“thank you”-“thanks a million” “She is very pretty”-“She is the prettiest girl in the world” 很多英语的夸张语句都可直译 (1)The woman shed a flood of tears那女人泪如泉涌。 (2)The waves rose mountain high巨浪如排山般高。,夸张也常与其他修辞格连起来增加语言的艺术感染力,(1)举着红灯的游行队伍河一样流到街上。天空的月亮失去了光辉，星星也都躲藏。(何其芳我们最伟大的节日)- 夸张，比喻，比拟-描绘和渲染了人民群众的欢乐的情绪和气氛。 (2)“Polly，I love youYou are the world tome and the moon and the stars and the constellation of outer space” -暗喻，夸张 -波利，我爱你，你是我的世界，我的月亮，我的星星以及天外的星座。,回文和palindrome,汉英表达中都存在的词序回环往复的修辞格，但表达各异 汉语中的回文有两种： (1)指顺读、倒读都通的诗文-一家名叫“天然居”的饭店门外对联为“客上天然居，居然天上客”。 (2)指汉字排列回环往复，首尾呼应。例如：“重重青山抱绿水，弯弯绿水绕青山”； “英雄面前无困难，困难面前出英雄”,英语中的回文一是指字母倒拼、顺拼词形不变的单词或句子。 例如：level，madam，peep，refer，radar等；MadamIm Adam Pull up if I pull up 另有一种回文是以单词为单位的，例如：You can cage a swallow，cant you? You cant swallow a cage，can you? Girl，bathing on bikini，eyeing boy，finds boy eyeing bikini on bathing girl. Ma is as selfish as I am. 但由于两种语言结构的差别，要想在互译时仍然保持这种修辞格几乎是不可能的。勉强互译，只会使回文意味荡然无存。,双关和Pun,汉语双关通常分为“谐音双关”和“谐意双关” - “我失骄杨君失柳”毛泽东的词蝶恋花 - “杨”和“柳”-谐音双关 在歇后语中的使用 -和尚打伞一无法(发)无天(谐音双关) 棺材上画老虎吓死人(谐意双关),英语的双关主要是通过谐音的异体字或一词多义来构成的。 -Seven days without water makes one weak (week) 一位阔太太拿胶卷去冲洗，她得意的问摄影师“I do look nice in the picture，dont I?”摄影师回答，“The answer lies in the negative，Madam” “negative”既是说“底片”也是表示“否定”。,1. “My Faith is gone!” cried he, after a stupefied moment. 2. King: my cousin Hamlet, and my son, how is it that the clouds hang on you? Hamlet: Not so, my lord, I am too much in the sun.,英语修辞格Repetition，又称为Reiteration,Repetition就是不止一次地使用同一个词语或句子，甚至段落。这种修辞用来突出重点，表达强烈的思想感情还可以形成优美的节奏，使句子、段落显得均衡和谐读起来朗朗上口。 Repetition主要可以分为Simple Repetition(简单反复)，Tautology(同义反复)，Anaphora(首语反复)，Epiphora(尾语反复)，Epidiplosis(首尾呼应反复)，Anadiplosis(首尾连接反复或顶真)和Antistrophe(交错反复或回环)。,Simple Repetition是简单地重复同一词语或句子。 如：O my luv is like a red，red rose(Robert Burns：A Red Red Bose)呵，我的爱人就像一朵红红的。红红的玫瑰。(罗伯特彭斯红红的玫瑰),Tautology(同义反复):是指意义相同或相近的不同词语或短语的反复。英语中有时用人称代词重复主语或宾语，也属于这一种修辞手法。 例：Keen，calculating, perspicacious，acute and astuteI was all of those(Max Shulman：Love Is Fallacy) 我这个人头脑冷静，逻辑思维能力强，敏锐，慎重，聪慧深刻,机智-这些就是我的特点(马克斯舒尔曼爱情就是谬误),Anaphora(首语反复):在一系列的句子或段落的开始，反复使用同一个词、短语或一句话，以加强语气. Out of sightOut of mind眼不见，心不想。 Epiphora(尾语反复):是指连续几个短语、句子或段落的结尾使用同一词、同一短语或同一句子。 If slavery is not wrong, nothing is wrong(Abraham Lincoln) 如果奴隶制不是错的，那就没有东西是错的。(林肯),Epidiplosis(首尾呼应反复):在一个句子或一个段落的结尾重复依次开头的词语或句子,首尾呼应,从而起到强调突出的作用 -Diamonds cut diamonds棋逢对手将遇良才： AnadipIosis(首尾连接反复),又称为Catchword Repetition或Chain Repetition: 将前一句的末尾作为后一句的开始。 -Its the profit now，not the productHalf the time，we cheat the foremen，the foremen cheat the management，the management cheats the customers(JBPriedstley：The Future of The English) 现在重要的是利润，而不是产品。经常是我们欺骗工头工头欺骗厂方，厂方欺骗顾客。(普里斯特利英国人的未来),Antistrophe(交错反复),又称为Regression或Chiasmus: 是按颠倒的次序重复使用同一个单词或短语,能使文字旋律优美、形意贯通。 -How much better is it to weep at joy than to joy at weeping! (W、Shakespeare：Much Ado About Nothing)因为满心欢喜而不禁流泪,比见人流泪而满心欢喜,不知要好多少倍。(莎士比亚无事生非：) 汉语修辞格回环是用变换首尾或前后两个词语的次序, 形成由甲到乙又由乙回到甲的紧紧相连的两个语句的修辞手法,与Antistrophe结构也基本相同作用也基本一致。-美言不信，信言不美。(老子) Honest words are not fine, fine words are not honest,飞白就是明知所写人物在发音、写字、用词、造句和逻 辑(事理)方面有错误，故意仿效其错误原原本本地记录、援用下来的修辞手法。 EG. 1、“哥儿，有画儿的三哼经，我给你买来了!” 鲁迅阿长和山海经) 2、队里订了一份本省的报纸，也只有许瞎子开会时用 得着。他总是把“孔子曰”读成“孔子日”。当然不会有人来 纠正这位全队唯一的知识分子。 张弦：被爱情遗忘的角落) 这个“飞白”真实地反映了那个被爱情遗忘的角落的 落后情况，有力的讽刺和鞭笞了这种落后现象。,英语辞格malapropism,A malapropism is the substitution of a word for a word with a similar sound, in which the resulting phrase makes no sense but often creates a comic effect. -利用近音异义，有意地利用白字别音的一种语言表达形式，与汉语飞白相似,可以生动真实地反映当时的情景，还能增添语言的幽默感。喻讽刺嘲笑于滑稽幽默之中。 “ as she grew up, I would have her instructed in geometry that she might know something of the contagious countries, ”-Richard Sheridan, The Rivals (马拉泼洛普夫人)geography (地理学)-geometry（几何学）;contiguous（邻近