初中英语短文填空答题指导.ppt

短文填空答题指导&训练,By Ms Wu Yingfen,一、短文填空题型说明 短文填空也叫综合填空，其特点是将一篇短文中的若干个词抽出后，要求考生根据短文的意思，在每个空格中填上一个词，使短文意思完整正确。它是测试学生的理解能力及对词汇、语法和习惯用法等掌握情况的一种形式。 短文填空是中考试题里一个比较难的项目，究其原因有以下： 1、考点不明确：凡涉及到英文的理解、词汇、语法和习惯用法的都可以考。 2、内容包罗万象：天文地理、历史人文、科技发展、旅游广告等有可能考到。,短文填空要求学生在读通、读懂的基础上，填出符合短文内容和语法规则的词或词组。凡是课文中学到的词汇和语法都是考试的范围，各种介词、副词和习惯用法也会经常考到。尤其对于长句子，特别要注意其结构，要精确地分析句子成分。在做短文填空时，要养成快速阅读全文的习惯。句子读得越快越长，理解的精度就越高。,二、短文填空解题思路 1、 跳过空格，通读短文，了解大意。解题时先跳过空格，通读完形填空的短文，了解全篇的内容和要旨。要重视首句，善于以首句的时态、语气为立足点，理清文脉，推测全文时态、主题及大意。 2、复读短文，确定语义，判断词形。把握短文大意后再认真复读短文，利用上下文的语境，结合所学过的知识，先确定空格处所需词语的意义，再根据空格在句子中的位置，判断其在句中充当的成分，从而确定所填词的词性，再依据词语搭配和语法规则，判断所填的词的正确形式。,3、三读短文，上下参照，验证答案。 在短文的空白处分别填上一个词后，将完成的短文再细读一遍，上下参照，连贯思考。可从上、下文内容是否协调一致、顺理成章，语法结构是否正确无误等进行综合验证，凡有疑问必须重新推敲考虑。,三、做短文填空题的注意之处 1、语义完整、适用是做好填词的前提，要从全文的内容出发，前后上下联系起来考虑，避免“只见树木，不见森林”的错误。 2、要善于从文中同样结构或类似结构中寻找线索，从中得到提示和启发，帮助确定应填词的词性和词形，这样可避免想当然地随意乱填。,3、填词时应注意词形，不可简单地都填原形词。若空格内填的是名词，要考虑其单复数形式；若填的是形容词或副词，则要考虑其是否属于比较等级；如若填的是动词，则要特别注意考虑其时态和语态。如在句首，还要考虑其首字母的大写。 4、有些空格需要填入介词、连词等，除考虑上下文的内容外，还要考虑和其他词的固定搭配及其习惯用法。,Exercise One,A barber (理发师) was working when a man came in with a boy after him. The barber was asked to give him a shave (刮脸) and the 1_ a haircut (理发). 2_ the man had his shave, he 3_ the barber that he would like to go down the street for a drink when the barber cut the boys 4_. The man also promised that he would be back 5_. It 6_ the barber long to give the boy a haircut. Another half an hour 7_ and the boy was still waiting. In the end, the barber asked the boy 8_ his father was away so long. The boy told the barber that the man was not his 9_ at all. He said he met him in the street and was asked if he would like to have a haircut. He 10_ and followed the man here for a haircut.,hair,soon,passed,why,father,agreed,After,told,boy,took,Exercise Two,Every day some people are killed while they are crossing the road. Most of them are old people and 1_. Old people are often killed 2_ they cant see or hear very well. Children are often killed because they are not 3_ enough. They forget to look and listen before they 4_ the road. A car or a bus cant stop quickly. If it is going very 5_, it will travel many metres 6_ it stops. Some people dont always understand this. They 7_ a car can stop in a few metres. It is difficult to 8_ how fast a car is moving. The only way to cross the roads safely is to look 9_ ways, right and left. Then if the roads are empty, you 10_ cross.,because,children,fast,think,careful,cross,before,know,both,can,Exercise Three,Many years ago, an English family lived in China. One evening, an important Chinese officer came to 1_ them. It got later and later, and he 2_ didnt go, the hostess had to invite him to have 3_ with them. But she had very little 4_ in the house, so she went to the kitchen and spoke to her Chinese cook. The cook said, “It is all right. You will have a very good dinner.” After they all sat down to eat, the lady was very 5_ because there was lots of good food on the 6_. After the officer 7_, the hostess ran to the kitchen and asked the cook, “8_ did you make such a good meal in half an hour?” “I 9_ make it, madam,” he said, “I asked one of the servants ( 仆人) to go to the Chinese officers house, and he 10_ back the Chinese officers dinner.”,visit,left,How,didnt,brought,still,dinner,food,surprised,table,Exercise Four,Light travels at a speed (速度) of 300,000 kilometers in a second. Its about a million times 1_ than that of sound, for sound travels only 340 2_ in a second. You can understand this big difference 3_ watching the start of a running match. If you stand far away 4_ the starter (发令员), you can 5_ the smoke coming from his gun before the sound reaches your 6_. The fast speed of light produces some strange facts. The nearest star is so far away from the earth that the light from it 7_ four years to reach us. The light from some other stars began to travel to the earth even before you were born. So, if you want to be honest (诚实), you 8_ say , “The stars are shining brightly tonight.” You have to say, “The stars look nice. They were shining many years 9_, but their light has just 10_ our planet.,faster,meters,by,ears,from,see,reached,cant,ago,takes,Exercise Five,Mr Brown had an umbrella shop in a small town. People usually 1_ new umbrellas here, and sometimes they brought him 2_ broken umbrellas. Then Mr Brown took them to mend in a big shop in London. One day, Mr Brown went to London by train. He 3_ to take an umbrella with him that day. An old man was sitting next to him with an umbrella standing by the seat. When the train arrived in London, Mr. Brown 4_ up the umbrella as he often did during his journey by train. Just as he was getting 5_, the old man 6_ him and said angrily, “Thats my umbrella, not yours!” Mr. Browns face 7_ red and he gave the umbrella back to the man at once. When Mr Brown got to the big shop, the shopkeeper had got his six umbrellas ready. After a good look at each of them, he said to the shopkeeper, “Youve 8_ them very well.” In the afternoon, Mr Brown took the train home 9_ the umbrellas. To his 10_, the old man was sitting next to him again. He looked at Mr Brown and the six umbrellas, “Youve had a lucky day,” he said.,bought,their,picked,off,stopped,forgot,turned,mended,surprise,with,Exercise Six,Here are some old ways to send messages in the past. An Egyptian (埃及人) put his ear to the ground. He 1_ the horses coming this way. Then he ran to 2_ his people . He was a guard. That was one way 3_ Egyptians to send messages. People in other countries sent messages, too. 4_ enemies came, one man 5_ his drum. In the next village, people heard the drum and beat their drums, too. The messages went 6_ village to village by drum. Much more, some armies (军队) kept many pigeons (鸽子). These pigeons always 7_ back. When a soldier was sent far away from his own army he might take a pigeon along. He could tie a message to the birds 8_. It would fly back 9_ the soldiers message. These are the old ways to send messages. Can you think of 10_ ways?,When,from,leg,for,beat,heard,told,flew,with,other / more,Exercise Seven,Thomas Edison was a great American inventors. When he was a child, he was always 1_ questions and trying out new ideas. No matter (无论) how hard it was, he 2_ gave up. Young Tom was in school 3_ only three months. His teacher didnt unde