江苏2018版高考英语大二轮复习与增分策略专题一语法知识第十二讲介词与介词短语课件.pptx

,第十二讲 介词与介词短语,专题一 语法知识,栏目索引,考点 语境词义辨析,解题方法,强化练(十二),方法1 汉语对照法 方法2 固定短语法 方法3 利用置入法解决介词短语的相关题目,1.Determining where we are _ our surroundings remains an essential skill for our survival.(2017江苏，32) A.in contrast to B.in defense of C.in face of D.in relation to,考点 语境词义辨析,解析 句意为：通过对比我们周围的环境来确定我们的位置是我们生存的一项重要技能。结合句意可知，这里用in relation to“相对某事物而言”。in contrast to与相比；in defense of保卫，为辩护；in face of面对。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,2.We offer an excellent education to our students._，we expect students to work hard.(2017天津，13) A.On average B.At best C.In return D.After all,解析 句意为：我们向学生提供优质的教育，同时也希望学生努力学习。in return作为报酬，作为回报，符合语境。on average平均来看；at best充其量，至多；after all毕竟，终究。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,3.The dictionary is _：many words have been added to the language since it was published.(2016天津，2) A.out of control B.out of date C.out of sight D.out of reach,解析 考查“out of名词”型介词短语辨析。句意为：这部词典过时了：自从它出版以来，这门语言已增添了许多单词。out of date过时，符合语境。out of control失控；out of sight看不见；out of reach够不着。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,4.Have you ever heard of the trees that are homes _ animals both on land and sea？(2015浙江，3) A.about B.to C.with D.over,解析 考查固定搭配。句意为：你听说过是海陆两栖动物栖息地的树吗？be home to为固定搭配，意为“是的栖息地，是的家园”。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,解析 句意为：大多数人工作因为这是无法避免的，相比之下，也有一些人确实喜欢工作。根据语境可知，此处表示前后对比。by contrast相比之下，符合语境。as a result结果；in addition另外，此外；in conclusion总之。,5.Most people work because its unavoidable._，there are some people who actually enjoy work.(2015浙江，10) A.As a result B.In addition C.By contrast D.In conclusion,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,解析 句意为：如果没有托马斯爱迪生的话，我们现在所受益的许多东西是不会出现的。thanks to幸亏，由于；regardless of不管，不顾；aside from除了，除以外；but for要不是，如果没有的话。由句意知选D项。,6.Many of the things we now benefit from would not be around _ Thomas Edison.(2015江苏，34) A.thanks to B.regardless of C.aside from D.but for,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,解析 考查“in名词”型短语意义辨析。句意为：这个会议室是“无烟区”。我想提前提醒你，如果你在这里吸烟，你将会被罚款。根据题干中that引导的宾语从句可知，说话者是在“提前”告诉对方这一事实，所以选择in advance。in detail详细地；in total总共；in general一般来说。,7.This meeting room is a non-smoking area.I would like to warn you _ that if you smoked here you would be fined.(2015湖北，30) A.in advance B.in detail C.in total D.in general,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,考点归纳,1.几组常见的介词短语 (1)out of名词 out of question毫无疑问；out of the question不可能；out of order次序颠倒；out of sight看不见；out of place不合适；out of pity出于同情；out of curiosity出于好奇,(2)in名词 in power掌权；in good condition状态良好；in despair绝望地；in public/secret公开地/秘密地；in tears哭泣；in good/bad repair保养得好/不好；in charge负责，掌管；in a hurry 匆忙 in anger生气；in trouble有困难 (3)in名词介词 in case of以防万一；in honor of为了纪念；in favor of支持；in memory of为了纪念；in charge of负责；in terms of从角度；in need of需要；in praise of表扬；in view of鉴于；in return for作为对的回报；in response to对的答复或反应,(4)under名词 under control受控；under attack遭到攻击；under way在进行中；under discussion在讨论；under consideration在讨论/考虑中 (5)at名词 at work在工作；at play在玩耍；at dinner在吃饭；at ease轻松，自由自在；at war 在打仗,(6)on名词 on fire着火；on purpose故意地；on duty值日；on the phone在打电话；on leave在休假； on holiday在度假；on a walk在散步；on the rise/fall上升/下降；on sale出售；on show/exhibition展出；on business 出差；on ones way to在去的路上；on a visit/trip/tour出行 (7)to ones情感名词 to ones surprise令某人惊讶的是；to ones joy使某人高兴的是；to ones disappointment令某人失望的是；to ones delight使某人高兴的是,2.注意下列短语中介词的用法 for nothing不花钱，免费 come across the room穿过房间 feel like doing sth.想要做某事 get paid by the week按周获得报酬 be particular about.对苛求、挑剔 with satisfaction满意地 be second to none不输于任何人；不比任何东西差,on ones own独自地 in great quantity大量地，大批量 in great demand需求量很大 take a turn for the better正朝更好的方向发展 keep an eye on照看，照料 with the help of在的帮助下 under the leadership of在的领导下 the article in the newspaper报纸上的文章,a bird in the tree树上的鸟 apples on the tree树上的苹果 tickets for the concert音乐会的票 in the direction of朝着的方向 from the direction of从的方向 set an example to sb.给某人树立榜样,3.下列短语中to 为介词 belong to属于 date back to追溯到 look forward to盼望；期望 be addicted to沉溺于 be accustomed to习惯于 be/get used to doing.习惯于做 be devoted to.致力于 stick to坚持,方法1 汉语对照法 在高考试题中，考查的介词有一大部分是表示方位、范围的，这就涉及到一些表示方位的介词，这时可以根据其汉语意思来解答此类试题。,解题方法,典例1 When you drive through the Redwood Forests in California，you will be _ trees that are over 1,000 years old.(2017天津，12) A.among B.against C.behind D.below,解析 句意为：当你驾车穿过加利福尼亚的红杉林时，你会置身在那些树龄超过1 000年的树木之间。among在当中，为所围绕，符合语境。against以为背景，衬托；behind在后面；below在下面。,答案,解析,典例2 Dont you think this shirt is too tight _ the shoulders? A.across B.over C.above D.through,解析 句意为：难道你不觉得这件衬衣肩部太紧了？across the shoulder从肩的一边到另一边。over，above指在上方；through指从事物的内部穿过。,答案,解析,典例3 Sean has formed the habit of jogging _ the tree-lined avenue for two hours every day. A.between B.along C.below D.with,解析 句意为：Sean已经养成了每天沿林荫大道慢跑两个小时的习惯。between在两者之间；along沿着；below在下方；with与在一起，用，随着。,答案,解析,方法2 固定短语法 关于介词的固定搭配，在解答试题时，要注意从句子中找出中心词汇，也就是这个词和选项中的词能够构成一个固定搭配，符合句子意思，这样问题就会很快被解决。,典例1 Many people who live along the coast make a living _ fishing industry.(2017北京，35) A.at B.in C.on D.by,解析 句意为：很多住在海边的人们靠渔业为生。“在行业”用介词in。此题容易忽视fishing后的名词industry，以为是靠捕鱼这种方式而错选D项。,答案,解析,典例2 The study suggests that the cultures we grow up _ influence the basic processes by which we see the world around us. (2016浙江，7) A.on B.in C.at D.about,解析 句意为：该项研究表明，我们成长的文化环境会影响我们看我们周围的世界的基本过程。in the cultures在的文化中，为固定搭配，故选B。,答案,解析,典例3 My father warned me _ going to the West Coast because it was crowded with tourists. A.by B.on C.for D.against,解析 句意为：爸爸警告我不要去西海岸，因为那里挤满了游客。warn sb.against doing sth.warn sb.not to do sth.警告某人不要做某事。,答案,解析,方法3 利用置入法解决介词短语的相关题目 关于介词短语的相关题目，一般采用将介词短语置入句子，并进行逐一翻译的方法。解决此类题目的关键就是平时多积累相关知识，然后读懂题干的含义。,典例1 That young man is honest，cooperative，always there when you need his help._，hes reliable.(2016浙江，6) A.Or else B.In short C.By the way D.For one thing,解析 句意为：那个年轻人诚实而且善于合作，总是在你需要帮助的时候出现。总之，他是可靠的。or else否则，要不然；in short总之，简言之；by the way顺便说一下；for one thing一方面。 根据句意可知答案为B。,答案,解析,典例2 I guess weve already talked about this before but Ill ask you again just_. A.by nature B.in return C.in case D.by chance,解析 句意为：我估计我们以前讨论过此事，不过我再问你一次只是以防(免)我记错了。by nature生来，本来；in return作为报答；in case以防万一，以免；by chance偶然地，意外地。由句意可以看出，in case为最佳答案。,答案,解析,典例3 _ his being late again，he lost his job and had to stay at home. A.Owe to B.As result of C.In case of D.Because of,解析 根据句意可知，逗号前应为原因状语，故C项不对； A项应为owing to； B项应为as a result of。 故只有D项正确。,答案,解析,强化练(十二),1.A good suitcase is essential for someone who is _ as much as Jackie is.(2017南通、扬州、泰州、淮安三模，33) A.on the rise B.on the line C.on the spot D.on the run,答案,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,解析 句意为：一个好的旅行箱对于一个像成龙那样奔波的人来说是很有必要的。on the run忙碌，奔波，符合语境。故选D项。on the rise上升中；on the line处于危险中；on the spot当场，在现场。,解析,2.The life you live will expand or shrink _ the measure of courage you display.(2017镇江一模，31) A.in proportion to B.in place of C.in competition with D.in return for,解析 句意为：你的生活会扩展还是收缩与你展示的勇气的程度成比例。in proportion to与成比例；in place of代替；in competition with与竞争；in return for作为的回报。根据句意选A项。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,3._ the severe traffic pressure，many city authorities have started to restrict the use of private vehicles.(2017泰州中学摸底考试，32) A.By means of B.In terms of C.With regard to D.In response to,解析 句意为：作为对严重交通压力的回应，许多城市当局已经开始限制私家车的使用。by means of借助于，通过方式；in terms of就而言，在方面；with regard to关于，至于。in response to作为对的回应，符合句意。故选D。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,4.Many of us see reading as an investment in ourselves，so its only natural that we want to learn something useful _ our efforts. (2017南京三模，21) A.in view of B.in response to C.in parallel with D.in return for,解析 句意为：我们很多人把阅读看作对我们自己的投资，因此我们想要学习有用的东西作为我们努力的回报就显得再自然不过了。in view of由于，鉴于；in response to作为对的回应；in parallel with与同时。in return for作为的回报，符合语境。故选D项。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,5._ speed and flexibility，Chinas anti-ship missile CM-302 also has a greater destructive power than others in the market. (2017苏州调研，33) A.On the contrary to B.Apart from C.On behalf of D.Little more than,答案,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,解析 句意为：除了速度和灵活性，中国的反舰导弹CM-302还比市场上的其他导弹拥有更大的杀伤力。apart from除之外，符合句意。on the contrary恰恰相反；on behalf of代表；little more than仅仅是。,解析,解析 句意为：一些传统的锻炼如慢跑、游泳和登山有助于人们保持健康。in place在适当的位置；in order井然有序；in fashion流行；in shape身体健康的。根据句意选D项。,6.Some traditional exercises like jogging，swimming and climbing may help people stay _.(2017苏锡常镇四市一模，26) A.in place B.in order C.in fashion D.in shape,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,解析 句意为：这个新的方法有望很有效地帮助学生们的职业规划走上正轨。at hand在手边，即将来临的；at will任意，随意；on trial在审判中，在实验中；on track步入正轨。根据句意选D项。,7.Hopefully，the new method will be effective，helping students to get their career plans _.(2017南京、盐城二模，28) A.at hand B.at will C.on trial D.on track,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,8.Though lacking the necessary working experience，my cousin got the job _ her confidence and flexibility.(2017苏北六市联考，34) A.in terms of B.in response to C.by virtue of D.with respect to,解析 句意为：尽管缺乏必要的工作经验，我表妹凭自己的自信和灵活性得到了这份工作。in terms of就而言；in response to作为对的回应；by virtue of凭借，由于；with respect to关于，就而言。根据语境选C项。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,9.Invest in yourself and hold on to your dreams._，stay with those who will encourage you to go on forward all the way.(2017苏州调研，21) A.In fact B.In contrast C.In brief D.In addition,解析 句意为：投资你自己，坚持自己的梦想。此外，与那些一直鼓励你前进的人待在一起。in addition而且，此外，符合句意。in fact实际上，事实上；in contrast相比之下；in brief简而言之，总之。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,解析 句意为：就单个的球员来说，我们有个庞大的球队，但问题是他们在一起根本踢不好球。on top of在的顶部；by means of通过方式；in case of如果，假使。in terms of就而言，符合题意。故选C项。,10._ individual players，we have a great team but the problem is that they dont play football together well at all. (2017苏锡常镇四市二模，34) A.On top of B.By means of C.In terms of D.In case of,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,11.Gardens provide a place for people to relax and play sports，_ a shelter from the noisy environment of a city.(2017盐城三模，28) A.instead of B.rather than C.as well as D.in spite of,解析 句意为：花园为人们提供了放松和运动的场所，同时也提供了一个远离城市噪音的庇护所。as well as也，又。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,12.Considering the location _ the price，many parents buy houses for their childrens education. (2017徐州、宿迁、连云港、淮安四市模拟，32) A.in preference to B.in response to C.in addition to D.in regard to,解析 句意为：为了孩子上学，许多父母买房都会考虑房子所处的位置，而不是价格。in preference to而不是，优先于，符合语境。in response to作为对的回应；in addition to除之外(还有)；in regard to关于。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,13.Purchases online are to be believed provided that you and the seller have communicated and reached a compromise _ the wishes of both parties.(2017如东、前黄等高级中学四校联考，22) A.in defense of B.in view of C.in line with D.in company with,解析 句意为：只要你和卖家已沟通并就双方的意愿达成一致，网上购物是可以信赖的。in defense of防护，为辩护；in view of鉴于；in line with一致；in company with一起，故C项正确。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,解析 句意为：由于有多年积累的经验的支撑，歌手张磊于2015年10月7日在北京鸟巢获得了“中国好声音”2015赛季冠军。此处指他有多年积累的经验的支撑，这儿的“behind”相当于“supporting”。,14.Singer Zhang Lei won “The Voice of China” 2015 season at the Birds Nest in Beijing on Oct 7,2015，with years of experience _ him.(2016盐城期中，26) A.against B.for C.of D.behind,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,15.Different cultural features of ethnic groups are _ one another and work out a melody.(2016南京、盐城二模，21) A.in tune with B.in parallel with C.in contrast to D.in response to,答案,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,解析 句意为：族群之间的文化差异协调在一起共同缔造出一首旋律。in tune with(与)协调； (与)一致； in parallel with与平行，与并联；in contrast to与对比；in response to作为对的回应。根据句意，知选A。,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,16.Dad，I am not playing the piano as well as before. Take it easy.You are just _.(2016南通、扬州、泰州调研，34) A.out of sight B.out of control C.out of practice D.out of place,答案,解析 句意为：爸爸，我弹钢琴没有从前那样好了。别紧张，你只是疏于练习了。out of sight看不见；out of control失去控制；out of practice没有练习；out of place不适合，不相称，故C正确。,解析,17.He was born in a C