2019_2020学年高中英语Unit3UnderstandingeachotherPeriodFiveGrammar—Unrealconditionals教案.docx

Period FiveGrammarUnreal conditionals感知以下句子，完成方框下的小题1If I were you，I should try my best to go to college.2Were I you，I should try my best to go to college.3If he had gone to the party last night，everything would have changed.4Had he gone to the party last night，everything would have changed.5If it were to be sunny tomorrow，we would go out for a picnic.6Were it to be sunny tomorrow，we would go out for a picnic.1句1,2表示与现在事实相反的假设。2句3,4表示与过去事实相反的假设。3句5,6表示与将来事实相反的假设。4句1,2；句3,4；句5,6的句意分别相同吗？相同。5句2,4,6共同的特点是：省略if后的倒装句。一、虚拟语气简介虚拟语气用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想，所说的是一个条件，不一定是事实，或与事实相反。在条件句中，只有是非真实条件句时，才用虚拟语气。重要的是通过句子意思，看假设的条件是否能够实现。能够实现的是真实条件句，就不能使用虚拟语气；反之，则是非真实条件句，要使用虚拟语气。二、虚拟语气中if条件句型(1)与现在事实相反的虚拟语气条件句用动词的过去式(be动词一般用were)；主句用“would/could/might/should动词原形”。IfIknewArabic，theArabwouldnotmistakeme.如果我懂阿拉伯语，那个阿拉伯人就不会误会我了。Ifhewerehere，wewouldcongratulatehimonhispromotion.如果他在这里，我们就祝贺他晋升了。(2)与过去事实相反的虚拟语气条件句用“had过去分词”；主句用“would/could/might/should have过去分词”。IfIhadbeeninvitedtotheweddingreception，Icouldhavetakenafewphotoswiththebride.如果被邀请参加那次婚宴，我可能就会和新娘一起拍几张照片了。Shewould/mighthavecomeforthecelebrationifshehadntbeensobusy.要是不那么忙，她就来参加庆典了。IfIhadnttakenyouradvice，Iwouldhavemadeabigmistake.如果没有接受你的建议，我就会犯一个大错误。(3)与将来事实相反的虚拟语气条件句用动词的过去式、“should动词原形”或“wereto动词原形”；主句用“would/could/might/should动词原形”。Ifitshouldrain，wewouldntgoout.如果天下雨，我们就不出去。Ifheshouldstudy/were to study/studiedhard，hewouldliveuptohisparentsexpectations.如果他努力学习，就不会辜负父母的期望。三、if条件句转换成倒装句if虚拟条件句中含有should，were，had时，可把这些词移至主语前构成倒装句并省略if。例如：IfIwereinschoolagain，Iwouldworkharder.可转换为：WereIinschoolagain，Iwouldworkharder.如果我重返校园的话，我会更努力地学习。IfmylawyerhadbeenherelastSaturday，hewouldhavepreventedmefromgoing.可转换为：HadmylawyerbeenherelastSaturday，hewouldhavepreventedmefromgoing.如果我的律师上星期六在这里的话，他就会阻止我去。Ifthereshouldbeameetingtomorrow，Iwouldcome.可转换为：Shouldtherebeameetingtomorrow，Iwouldcome.如果明天有会议的话，我会来的。1Theymighthavefoundabetterhoteliftheyafewmorekilometers.(2018北京，13)AdroveBwoulddriveCweretodriveDhaddriven答案D解析根据主句的谓语形式以及语境可知，if条件句应该用过去完成时，表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气。与过去事实相反的虚拟语气的结构：主句谓语用“should/would/could/mighthavedone”，从句谓语用“had过去分词”。2Ifwetheflightyesterday，wewouldbeenjoyingourholidayonthebeachnow.(2018天津，15)AhadcaughtBcaughtChavecaughtDwouldcatch答案A解析句意为：如果我们昨天赶上了航班的话，我们现在就在海滩上享受假期了。根据前半句中的时间状语yesterday以及后半部分中的wouldbeenjoying及时间状语now可知，这是一个错综时间条件句。从句表示与过去的事实相反的假设，故用“had动词的过去分词”。3notforthesupportoftheteachers，thestudentcouldnotovercomeherdifficulty.(2017江苏，22)AItwereBWereitCItwasDWasit答案B解析句意为：如果没有老师们的支持，这名学生不可能战胜困难。此处表示与现在事实相反的假设，从句谓语用were；在非真实条件句中，如果有should，had或were时，可以省略if，而把should，had或were提至主语前，形成部分倒装，故选B项。4Ifitforhisinvitationtheotherday，Ishouldnotbeherenow.(2016江苏，27)AhadnotbeenBshouldnotbeCwerenottobeDshouldnothavebeen答案A解析句意为：如果不是他前几天邀请我，我现在就不会在这里了。根据句子结构和句意可知，此处为虚拟语气，再结合时间状语theotherday可知，这是对过去行为的虚拟，故if从句要用过去完成时。5Hadthegovernmentsandscientistsnotworkedtogether，AIDSrelateddeathssincetheirhighestin2005.(2016浙江，15)AhadnotfallenBwouldnotfallCdidnotfallDwouldnothavefallen答案D解析句意为：如果政府和科学家们不共同努力的话，与艾滋病相关的死亡就不会从2005年的最高点降下来。根据“Hadthegovernmentsandscientistsnotworkedtogether”可知事情发生在过去，因此主句用wouldhavedone表示对过去情况的虚拟。故选D。6Iwaswearingaseatbelt.IfIhadntbeenwearingone，I.(2016天津，15)AwereinjuredBwouldbeinjuredChadbeeninjuredDwouldhavebeeninjured答案D解析句意为：我当时系着安全带。如果我没有系安全带，我就会受伤了。使用虚拟语气，根据if条件句用的haddone可知，主句用wouldhavedone表示对过去情况的虚拟，而且I和injure是被动关系。故选D。7Whydidntyoutellmeaboutyourtroublelastweek？Ifyoume，Icouldhavehelped.(2016北京，34)AtoldBhadtoldCweretotellDwouldtell答案B解析句意为：你上周为什么没有告诉我你遇到的麻烦？如果你告诉我的话，我就可以帮助你了。根据第一句可知，此处是对过去发生的事情的虚拟，故if条件句用过去完成时。8IfIitwithmyowneyes，Iwouldnthavebelievedit.(2015北京，34)AdidntseeBwerentseeingCwouldntseeDhadntseen答案D解析句意为：如果不是亲眼看到，我就不会相信这件事。由主句中的谓语动词“wouldnthavebelieved”可知是对过去情况的虚拟，虚拟条件句的谓语动词应用过去完成时。9nomoderntelecommunications，wewouldhavetowaitforweekstogetnewsfromaroundtheworld.(2014福建，32)AWerethereBHadtherebeenCIfthereareDIftherehavebeen答案A解析根据主句中的“wouldhaveto”以及句意可知，本句是一个与现在事实相反的虚拟语气，从句应用一般过去时。当虚拟条件句中有had，should，were时，可以将if省略，然后把had，should，were提到主语前面。故选A项。10Webackinthehotelnowifyoudidntlosethemap.(2014北京，34)AareBwereCwillbeDwouldbe答案D解析句意为：如果你不丢失地图的话，我们现在已经回到旅馆了。由now知此处为与现在事实相反的虚拟语气，主句用“would/could/should/might动词原形”，故选D项。.用所给词的正确形式填空1Ifshehadbeenatschool，Iwouldhaveseen(see) her.2Iwouldlet(let) yougotoworknowifitwerentrainingsohard.3Had(have) itnotbeenforthefreeticket，Iwouldnothavegonetoseethefilm.4IfIhadhadheraddress，Iwouldnthavelost(not，lose) touchwithher.5Were(be) Iyou，Iwouldbuyanewcar.6IfIshouldsee/weretosee/saw(see) himtomorrow，Iwouldinvitehimhome.7WereItodoit，Iwoulddo(do) itinsomeotherways.8Ifyouhadbeen(be) morecareful，thericewouldnothavebeenburnt.用虚拟语气完成句子9Shouldhenotcome，youwouldtakehisplace.万一他不来，你将代替他。(倒装结构)10Hadheseenyouyesterday，hewouldhaveaskedyouaboutit.他昨天要是看到了你，他就会问你这事了。(倒装结构)11WereIyou，Iwoulddoitatonce.假若我是你，我就会马上做这件事。(倒装结构).句型转换12Ifyoushouldbeinterestedinouroffer，pleasecontactus.Shouldyoubeinterestedinouroffer，pleasecontactus.13Ifyouhadcomeearlier，youwouldcatchthebus.Hadyoucomeearlier，youwouldcatchthebus.14Ifshewerehere，shewouldhelpyou.Wereshehere，shewouldhelpyou.15IfIhadnotbeenillthatday，Iwouldhavetakenpartintheparade.HadInotbeenillthatday，Iwouldhavetakenpartintheparade.基础巩固.单句语法填空1Wereitnotforthesnowyweather，wewouldbe(be) allright.2Hadthecaptainbeenmorecareful，hisshipwouldnthavesunk(not，sink)3Ifyouaskedyourfather，youmightget(get) permission.4Were(be) hetoleavetoday，hewouldgettherebyFriday.5Ifthereshouldbe/were(be) anychangeaboutthedate，Iwouldinformyouintime.句型转换6Ifyouhadcomeearlieryesterday，youwouldhaveseenthefamousastronaut.Hadyoucomeearlieryesterday，youwouldhaveseenthefamousastronaut.7Ifourcarhadntbrokendownontheway，wewouldnthavebeencaughtbytherain.Hadourcarnotbrokendownontheway，wewouldnthavebeencaughtbytherain.8IfsheweretobeherenextSunday，Iwouldtellheraboutthematter.WereshetobeherenextSunday，Iwouldtellheraboutthematter.9Ifithadnotbeenforthetimelyrain，wewouldhavelosteverything.Haditnotbeenforthetimelyrain，wewouldhavelosteverything.10Iftheyshouldrefuseourrequest，wecouldshowthemthispicture.Shouldtheyrefuseourrequest，wecouldshowthemthispicture.单项填空11Wereyoureallygreatandpowerful，youyourpromises.AwillkeepBshallkeepCmustkeepDwouldkeep答案D解析句意为：如果你真的伟大而又强大，你会遵守诺言的。分析句子可知本句是省略if的虚拟语气，从句用了一般过去时，故可知主句要用would/could/might/should动词原形。故选D项。12housepropertytaxcomeintoeffect，Chinamightwitnessafallinhouseprices.(2018镇江高二期末)AWouldBShouldCCouldDMight答案B解析句意为：如果房产税生效，中国可能会出现房价下跌。根据语境可知，这里表示与将来事实相反的假设，与将来事实相反的虚拟条件句中常常用“shoulddo”，并且可以将if省略，should提前到句首；本题从句完整的表达是“Ifhousepropertytaxshouldcomeintoeffect”，故答案是B。13Withthefailureoftheexperiment，wehavereachedadeadend.Cheerup！Manygoodthingswouldneverhavehappenedifthebadeventsfirst.(2018连云港高二检测)AdonthappenBdidnthappenChadnthappenedDhaventhappened答案C解析句意为：由于实验失败，我们已到了穷途末路。振作起来！如果坏事没有先发生的话，很多好事就不会发生。此处是if引导的虚拟语气，表示与过去的事实相反，从句用过去完成时态。故选C。14IfIwerentsotired，Iwithyoutothemovietonight.(2018北京师大附中期末)AwillgoBwouldhavegoneCwouldgoDwent答案C解析句意为：如果我不那么累，今晚就和你一起去看电影。此处是if引导的虚拟语气，与现在的事实相反，条件句用一般过去时态，主句用“would/could/might/should动词原形”，故答案为C。15Ifweatableinadvance，wewouldntbestandinghereinthelongqueue.(2018扬州高二检测)AreserveBreservedChavereservedDhadreserved答案D解析句意为：如果我们事先预定了一张桌子，我们就不会排长队了。从句表示与过去事实相反的假设，故从句中应使用过去完成时，选D。16IfheaDoctorsdegree，hewouldnothavebeenacceptedbythiswellknowncompanylastyear.AcouldntgetBwouldntgetCdidntgetDhadntgot答案D解析句意为：如果他没有得到博士学位，去年他就不会被这家著名的公司接受。表示对过去的虚拟，从句用过去完成时。故选D。17Youhowangrythebosswashadyoubeenherewithus.(2018常州田家炳高级中学高二期末)AwouldseeBhadseenCwouldhaveseenDsaw答案C解析句意为：如果你和我们一起在这里，你就会明白老板是多么生气。本句表示过去事实相反的虚拟语气，主句使用“情态动词havedone”，条件状语从句中使用过去完成时；如果省略if，要把had提前构成部分倒装。故C项正确。18Ihaveoftenthoughtitwouldbeablessingifeachhumanbeingblindanddeafforafewdaysatsometimeinhislife.(2018兴化一中四模)AhasbeenstrickenBwerestrickenChadbeenDwouldbe答案B解析句意为：我经常想，如果每个人在他生命中的某个时候都患失明和失聪几天，那将是一件幸事。分析句子可知，此处是if引导的虚拟语气，与现在事实相反，句子用一般过去时态；再根据eachhumanbeing和strike之间是被动关系，所以if从句中用一般过去时态的被动语态，故选B。19Pelehadbagsofnaturaltalent，buthewithoutthedeterminationtodealwithalltheproblemslifethrewinhispath.(2019南京、盐城一模)AwouldneversucceedBneversucceededCwouldneverhavesucceededDhaveneversucceeded答案C解析句意为：贝利很有天赋，但是如果没有处理生活中遇到的所有问题的决心，他是永远不会成功的。从句中的had看，此句讲的是过去的情况。本句是由without引导的含蓄虚拟语气，且空格所在的地方是主句，用would/could/should/mighthavedone，故选C。20IfIformyEnglishtest，Iwouldnthavegotsuchalowgrade.(2018北京平谷区第五中学高二期中)AhadpreparedBpreparedCweretoprepareDhaveprepared答案A解析句意为：如果我为英语测试做了准备，那么我就不会得这么低的分数了。根据“Iwouldnthavegotsuchalowgrade”可知，这是对过去的虚拟，故if条件句的谓语动词应用过去完成时态。故选A。能力提升.完形填空(2018清江中学高二检测)Myfirstfulltimejobafterhighschoolwassellingvacationpackagesviatelephoneforawellknowncompany.Oneday，thedialer21metoamanwhoansweredthephoneand22abitoutofbreath.Istartedwithmynormalpitch(推销)，and23tohearthenormal，“Idontwantany，”andbehungupon.Insteadhespokeinalow，weakvoiceandtoldmehowhewishedhecouldtakea24liketheoneIwasoffering，butcouldnt25hewasdyingofemphysema(肺气肿)He26howhewasonoxygen，andittookalmostallhis27justtogettothephonetoanswerthecall.I28，andmyheartfellintomystomach.HeaskedmeifIsmoked，whichIdid，andthenbeggedmetostop.Hetoldmesmokingwas29waskillinghim，andhowhorribleitwas.Hetoldmeto30everydaywithmylovedones，andtellthemallthetimehowmuchIlovethem.Atthis31，Iwasintears，andcouldntcontrolmyself.Afterafewmoments，Idecidedtowritedownhisnameand32，andjustsendhimacardtellinghimthatI33hisadviceandthatIwouldprayforhimandhisfamily.Shortlyafter，IreceivedaniceletterbackfromFrank，alongwithapictureofhimandhiswife.Wecontinuedtowritebackandforthoverthenextfewmonthsorso，andbecamevery34ofeachother.Hewasoldenoughtobemygrandfather，andinmanyways，Ifelt35hewere.ItwasaboutayearlaterIreceivedaletterfromhiswife，andwhenIstartedtoreadit，myeyeswerefilledwithtears.ShetoldmehowFranks36withthediseasehadfinallycometoanend，andhe37shortlybeforeChristmas.ShewantedtothankmeforthelettersIhadwrittentoFrank，andthenexplainedhowFranktouchedmanylivesovertheyears.Athis38，toshowjustthat，theyreadthe1stletterIhadwrittentoFranktoshowhowhe39a19yearoldpersonhehad40evenmet.Iwillneverforgethowmuchthatmeanttome.语篇解读本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了作者在电话推销时认识了患病的弗兰克，并和他成为好友，虽然弗兰克最终离世，但他却对作者的人生产生了极大的影响。21A.tookBconnectedCaccompaniedDled答案B解析一天，拨号器把我和一个接我电话的男人连在一起，听起来他有点上气不接下气。connect.to.把和连接。故选B。22A.feltBlookedCsoundedDproved答案C解析参考上题解析。故选C。23A.expectingBwonderingCconsideringDworrying答案A解析我开始我的正常推销，预料到会听见和平常一样的声音“我不想要”，然后电话被挂。expect认为，预料。故选A。24A.breakBrestCchangeDvacation答案D解析他用低而微弱的声音告诉我，他多么希望有一个像我所提供给他的那样的假期，但是不能，因为他得肺气肿快要死了。根据上文作者推销“vacationpackages”旅游套餐，可知选D。25A.becauseBthoughCwhileDbefore答案A解析参考上题解析。故选A。26A.describedBexposedCexplainedDexpressed答案C解析他解释道他是如何输氧的。故选C。27A.powerBenergyCstrengthDforce答案C解析power能力；energy精力；strength力气；force武力。接打电话几乎花费了他所有的力气。故选C。28A.apologizedBexcusedCpardonedDforgave答案A解析根据上文可知，弗兰克花了很大力气才接到电话，作者听了以后应该是感到内疚。故此处意为：我道了歉，并且我的心(终于)放下来了。故选A。29A.thatBwhatCwhichDhow答案B解析句意为：他告诉我是吸烟害了他。what引导表语从句并在从句中作主语。故选B。30A.takeBcostCpayDspend答案D解析take花费；cost使付出；pay支付；spend度过，消磨。他告诉我要每天和我爱的人在一起度过。故选D。31A.pointBcaseCwayDsituation答案A解析此时，我流泪了，我无法控制我自己。atthispoint这时候，此时此刻。故选A。32A.numberBhobbyCaddressDwish答案C解析过了片刻，我决定记下他的名字和地址，给他邮递一张卡片，告诉他我感激他的建议，我会为他和他的家人祈祷。故选C。33A.agreedBappreciatedCfollowedDapproved答案B解析参考上题解析。appreciate鉴赏，感激。故选B。34A.interestedBcontentCfondDcurious答案C解析接下来的几个月，我们互相写信，变得互相喜欢对方。befondof喜爱。故选C。35A.ifonlyBevenifConlyifDasif答案D解析ifonly要是就好了；evenif即使；onlyif只要；asif好像。他的年龄足以当我的爷爷，在很多方面，我感觉好像他就是。故选D。36A.battleBstrikeCdefenseDworking答案A解析battle斗争；strike罢工；defense防卫；working工作。她告诉我，弗兰克与疾病的斗争终于结束了。故选A。37A.gaveawayBturnedawayCtookawayDpassedaway答案D解析giveaway放弃，泄露；turnaway避开；takeaway带走；passaway去世。他在圣诞节前不久去世了。故选D。38A.birthdayBfuneralCceremonyDperformance答案B解析在葬礼上，他们读了我写给弗兰克的第一封信，以此展示他是怎样影响了一个他甚至从未见过面的19岁的人。故选B。39A.changedBimprovedCaffectedDpromoted答案C解析参考上题解析。故选C。40A.alwaysBseldomCeverDnever答案D解析通读全文可知，作者和弗兰克一直以书信交流，但未曾见面。故选D。.阅读理解OneinfourchildrenyoungerthanagefivewhowereinfectedwithSalmonella(沙门氏菌) gotthediseasefromareptile(爬行类动物) petinarecentUKstudy.ThechildrenwithreptileassociatedinfectionswereobviouslyyoungerthanotherkidswithSalmonellainfections，morelikelytobehospitalizedandmorelikelytohaveinvasive(扩散性的) infectionsthataffectedthebloodorbrain.“Inahouseholdwithbothyoungbabiesandreptilesaspets，thereisgoodreasontoexercisereasonablecaution，”DrDanielMurphyofRoyalCornwallHospitalinEnglandtoldReutersHealthbyemail.Salmonellaisatypeofbacteriummostoftenlinkedwithfoodpoisoning，andgenerallycausessymptomssuchasnausea(反胃，恶心) andvomiting.However，notedMurphy，wholedthenewstudy，moreseriouscasescancausebloodpoisoning，meningitis(脑膜炎) andboneinfection.AccordingtotheCentersforDiseaseControlandPrevention,1.2millionAmericansareinfectedwithSalmonellaeveryyear.Peoplewithcompromised(缺乏抵抗力的) immunesystems，aswellasyoungchildrenandbabiesarethemostsusceptibletoinfection，accordingtoDrChristophBergeroftheUniversityChildrensHospitalZurichinSwitzerland，whowasnotinvolvedinthestudy.MurphyandanotherresearcheruseddataonSalmonellainfectionsinchildrenunderfiveyearsoldintheSouthWestareaoftheUKfrom2010to2013.Theyexaminedtherecordstodeterminewhethertheinfectedchildhadbeenexposedtoreptileslikelizardsorsnakesandwhetherheorshehadbeenhospitalizedfortheinfection.Ofthe175cases