2020版高考英语复习Unit5NelsonMandela—amodernhero课后达标检测新人教版.docx

Unit 5 Nelson Mandelaa modern hero(建议用时：30分钟)阅读提速练 阅读理解A(2019广东七校联合体高三联考)Its almost the camp season!Summer is wonderful. Summer at one of the following awesome camps? Even more wonderful.Tahosa High Adventure BaseLocation: Ward, ColoradoPeoples puzzle: Tahosas ropes courses are some of the nations best. Use your hands, feet and brains to take up highflying challenges and overcome your fears. Fly fishing at 9，000 feet? Yes. Fishing licenses or experience needed? No, sir!Choose your adventure: Go allinclusive, where the staff prepare meals and run the program, or take control and plan your perfect week. The choice is yours.Camp RaymondLocation: Parks, ArizonaDont look down: When you are looking up at the stars, light pollution is your enemy. But Camp Raymonds location and elevation(海拔) of 6，700 feet offer perfect conditions for seeing otherwise invisible stars.Thats cool: Dont forget your camera and a jacket. During the day, you could spot bears and deer. At night, temperatures can fall sharply. Hot cocoa at summer camp? Cool.Pamlico Sea BaseLocation: Blounts Creek, North CarolinaGo coastal: Explore the Carolina coast by boat. You choose the route, and Pamlico provides the equipment. Keep an eye out for wild horses, lighthouses and boatloads of fish.Set sail: Even if you dont know the starboard, Pamlicos sailing journey will make you a firstrate sailor in no time. Youll even practice finding your way using the stars.Base CampLocation: St. Paul, MinnesotaBig upgrade: What happens when you change a 1907 cavalry drill hall(骑兵训练场) into an adventure destination in the heart of the city? You get Base Camp for overnight lockins, weekend retreats(隐居处) and summer camp.Inside out: Most of Base Camp is indoors, meaning the activities like climbing walls can be undertaken on winters coldest days.【解题导语】本文是一篇应用文，主要介绍了四个不同类型的夏令营，包括活动地点、活动项目、注意事项等。1What do we know about Tahosa High Adventure Base?AIt requires fishing licenses.BIt offers lessons on flying a plane.CIts the camp that is intended for brave kids.DIt is a camp where you can set your own pace.D解析：细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的“Summer at one of the following awesome camps？”可知，“Tahosa High Adventure Base”是夏令营；根据该部分最后两句“Go allinclusive, where the staff prepare meals and run the program, or take control and plan your perfect week. The choice is yours”可知，你可以选择全包的方式，那里的工作人员会准备饭并组织项目，或者你自己控制并计划你完美的一周；这是你的选择。据此可知，参加Tahosa High冒险基地夏令营可以设定自己的节奏，故D项正确。2What can be learned in Pamlico Sea Base?AHow to use the starboard.BHow to choose camping equipment.CHow to use the stars for directions.DHow to make a boat on your own.C解析：细节理解题。根据Pamlico Sea Base部分的尾句“Youll even practice finding your way using the stars”可知，在Pamlico海洋基地夏令营，你可以学会用星星辨别方向，故C项正确。3In which camp can kids climb walls inside on winter days?ABase Camp.BCamp Raymond.CPamlico Sea Base.DTahosa High Adventure Base.A解析：细节理解题。根据Base Camp部分中的“Most of Base Camp is indoors, meaning the activities like climbing walls can be undertaken on winters coldest days”可知，基地夏令营的大部分活动都在室内，这意味着像攀登墙这样的活动可以在冬天最冷的时候进行。故A项正确。B(2019济南高考模拟)At 1，345 meters above sea level, Ben Nevis is definitely not the worlds most difficult mountain to climb. But things get considerably tricky if instead of hiking shoes you put on a pair of 5inch high heels, especially if youre a guy. One English teenager recently proved that it was not impossible.Ben Conway, a 19yearold art student from London, recently took up the challenge as a way to stand out in an application for a scholarship for the School of Communication Arts in Brixton. He started his unusual highheel climb at 8 am, on June 27, and was joined by Callum MacKenzie Allen, a friend from his art foundation year, who videotaped the whole thing for a twominute video that served as his application project. The whole climb took five hours and wasnt the smoothest experience.Halfway up Ben Nevis, one of his shoes broke, so he had to tape the shoes to his feet to make sure they stayed on. The weather didnt make it easy for him either, as he claimed that it rained pretty much the whole time, and he had to go against 40 to 50 miles an hour winds. Due to these difficult conditions, Ben and his friend had to turn back after reaching 900 meters up the mountain.Apart from providing a unique art school application project, the highheel climb also allowed the 19yearold to raise some money for worthy causes, like Sals Shoes, which provides footwear for barefoot children around the world.“Raising money for charity brings happiness to peoples lives and if I can do something ridiculous and bring someone happiness, then thats what its all about，” Ben said.【解题导语】本文主要介绍了19岁的英国学生Ben Conway穿5英寸(约13厘米)的高跟鞋爬海拔1 345米的本尼维斯山的故事。4What can replace the underlined word “tricky” in Paragraph 1?APleasantBBoring.CTough.DSmooth.C解析：词义猜测题。根据第一段中的第一句可知，海拔1 345米的本尼维斯山绝对不是世界上最难攀爬的山峰。根据画线词所在句中的“But”可知，前后句为转折关系，且根据前一句中的“difficult”及后一句中的“impossible”可知，画线词所在句表示，但是如果不是穿登山鞋而是穿一双5英寸的高跟鞋的话，特别是对一个男人来说，事情就相当难办了。因此画线词tricky的意思为“难办的，棘手的”，故选C项。5Why did Allen videotape the highheel climb for Ben?ATo prove nothing is impossible.BTo record a special experience.CTo promote their friendship.DTo assist in Bens application.D解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“He started.was joined by Callum MacKenzie Allen, a friend from his art foundation year, who videotaped the whole thing for a twominute video that served as his application project”可知，Allen录下Ben穿高跟鞋爬山的过程是为了协助Ben进行奖学金的申请，故选D项。6What does Paragraph 3 focus on?AThe difficulties in the climb.BThe climbing route.CThe terrible weather.DThe unexpected incident.A解析：段落大意题。根据第三段内容可知，Ben在穿高跟鞋爬山过程中高跟鞋坏了一只、天几乎一直在下雨、顶着每小时40至50英里的风，因此第三段主要写的是Ben在爬山过程中遇到的困难，故选A项。7What can best describe Bens story?APuzzling.BInspiring.CExciting.DFrightening.B解析：推理判断题。通读全文并根据第一段中的“One English teenager recently proved that it was not impossible”可知，Ben的故事向我们证明困难的事情是可以做到的，他的故事是鼓舞人心的，故选B项。C(2019郑州一中高三摸底)The World Health Organization warns that millions of people are dying every year from indoor air pollution. The WHO finds that poor cooking, heating and lighting technologies are killing millions of people each year. Indoor air pollution results from the use of dangerous fuels and cookstoves in the home. To help fight the problem, the WHO announced new guidelines aimed at reducing household pollutants.WHO officials say nearly three billion people are unable to use clean fuels and technologies for cooking, heating and lighting. And they say more than seven million people die from exposure to indoor or outdoor air pollution each year. Of that number, the WHO says about 43 million people die from household air pollution given off by simple coal cookstoves. WHO officials say indoor pollution leads to early deaths from stroke, heart and lung disease. The main victims are women and girls in developing countries, where they usually stay at home and do the household work.Carlos Dora is coordinator in the WHOs Department of Public Health, Environmental and Social Determinants of Health. He says people should not use unprocessed coal and kerosene(煤油) fuel indoors. He says opening a window or door to let out the harmful air will not improve the situation. It will only pollute the outdoors.Nigel Bruce is a professor of Public Health at the University of Liverpool. He says researchers are developing good cookstoves and other equipment to burn fuels in a more efficient way.WHO experts note some new, safe and lowcost technologies that could help are already available. In India, you can buy an induction(电磁感应) stove for about $ 8. And in Africa you can buy a solar lamp for less than $ 1. But, this, the agency says, is just a start. It is urging developing countries to use cleaner fuels and increase access to cleaner and more modern cooking and heating appliances.【解题导语】本文主要介绍了室内空气污染的原因、影响及相应的应对措施。8What does the underlined phrase“the problem” in Paragraph 1 refer to?AIndoor air pollution.BCooking habits.CPoor cookstoves.DUse of natural gas.A解析：推理判断题。根据第一段第三句可推知，此处提到要应对的问题是“室内空气污染”，故选A。9Why are women and girls the main victims of the indoor air pollution?AThey are very weak in the developing countries.BThey are more sensitive to the indoor air pollution.CThey are exposed to the indoor air pollution more.DThey are lack of doing more exercise outdoors.C解析：细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句可知，发展中国家的女性是室内空气污染的主要受害者，这是因为她们经常待在家里做家务，故选C。10Which of the following is a good way to avoid indoor air pollution?ATo open a window while cooking.BTo use unprocessed coal indoors.CTo promote the cleaner and more modern cooking appliancesDTo popularize the traditional cookstoves in the home.C解析：推理判断题。根据最后三段的内容尤其是最后一段最后一句可推知，避免室内空气污染的有效办法就是推广更清洁、更现代化的烹饪器具的使用，故选C。11What is the best title of the text?AHow to Prevent PollutionBHow to Protect Women and GirlsCIndoor Air Pollution Kills Millions of People Each YearDThe Importance of Health in Developing CountriesC解析：标题归纳题。根据文章第一段第一句，并结合全文的内容可推知，本文是一篇新闻报道，主要介绍了室内空气污染的问题，故选C。D(2019山西八校第一次联考)New research from Princeton University in New Jersey found something else special about how adultsin this case mothersspeak to their very young children.“We found for the first time that mothers shift their timbre，” said Elise Piazza, a postdoctoral researcher at Princeton University. Piazza added, “Timbre is best explained as the unique quality of a sound. Barry Whites silky voice sounds different from Tom Waits poor oneeven if theyre singing the same note”Using special equipment, Piazza and other Princeton researchers found that mothers shared similar changes in timbre when speaking to babies. The researchers tried to record the sounds mothers used with their babies at home. “We chose to record mothers playing with and reading to their own babies just like they would at home，” Piazza said. She wanted the discussions to be as natural as possible.The research offers new ways to show differences between how adults speak to babies, compared to fellow adults. The research was not limited just to English speakers. Researchers listened to discussions in seven other languages: Mandarin, Polish, Russian, Spanish, Cantonese, German, and French.Piazza said the research provides more information besides what is mentioned above. For example, she said, it could include how people change their timbre when speaking to friends or managers at work; how candidates speak to voters; and how people speak to their boyfriends, girlfriends or spouses(配偶).The Princeton research follows earlier research on baby talk. In 2014, researchers from the University of Washington and University of Connecticut looked at thousands of verbal discussions between parents and babies. They compared regular speaking voices and baby talk. Patricia K. Kuhl, a codirector of the University of Washington, said researchers found that use of baby talk led to better early language development.【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项关于成年人如何与非常年幼的孩子说话的研究。12What can we infer from the underlined sentence in Paragraph 2?APeople cant change their sound quality.BBarry White has a better voice than Tom Waits.CPeoples sound quality varies from person to person.DTheir sounds appear differently with the same loudness.C解析：句意理解题。根据第二段中的“Timbre is best explained as the unique quality of a sound”可知，音色就是指一个声音与众不同的特性，而画线部分是作为一个例子来对其解释的。故选C。13What does the research show according to Paragraph 5?AHow people communicate effectively with others.BHow people speak in different situations.CHow timbre improves in different cases.DHow people express ideas to others.B解析：细节理解题。根据第五段内容可知，除了上面提到的(即研究发现成人与婴儿说话的方式不同于他们跟成人说话的方式)，这项研究还提供了关于人们如何与朋友或工作场所的管理者说话，候选人如何与投票人说话，人们如何与男朋友、女朋友或配偶说话的信息，即该研究还表明了人们在不同的场合下怎样说话。故选B。14If one more paragraph is added, it should focus on _.Ababy talks developmentBexamples of baby talks helpCparents comment on the researchDbaby talks advantages and disadvantagesB解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句中的“researchers found that use of baby talk led to better early language development”可知，接下来应该介绍一些baby talk对婴儿早期语言发展有利的例子。故选B。15What is the general tone of the author in the passage?AObjective.BSubjective.CDoubtful.DCritical.A解析：观点态度题。通篇文章作者都是以客观的口吻向读者介绍一项新的研究发现，故作者的表述是客观的，故选A。 七选五(2019南昌高三质量检测)Everyone has someone whos wronged them in one way or another. Yet forgiveness is something you can achieve as long as you take the following steps.Decide you want to choose forgiveness.The first step toward achieving forgiveness is to decide its something you actually want to do, not something someone has pressured you into trying. 1_ Also forgiveness doesnt mean excusing or forgetting an injustice, or returning to a relationship thats harmful.2_Its kind of a checklist: How are you doing in terms of your anger? How have you been denying it? Are you angrier than you thought you would be? 3_ Tiredness is the most common physical complaint, as is a pessimistic worldviewbelieving no one can be trusted or that everyone is only out for themselves. Once you look at those effects, the question becomes: Do you want to heal?Commit to forgiveness.Once you have completed stage two and seen how the effects of your anger have made you unhappy, theres a tendency to give this a try. In this stage, its important to commit yourself to doing no harm toward the person youre trying to forgive. That doesnt mean being good to them. 4_Consider the other persons wounds.The goal is to finally feel sympathy for the other person, but dont start there. 5_ How was that person hurt in life? How were they treated unjustly? Were they so wounded that they wounded you? You dont do this to excuse their actions, but to see a scared person, maybe a confused person, someone who is not always right and allpowerful.AMake a list.BUncover your anger.CInstead, think about them in a new way.DIt just means you dont do anything negative.EPeople should not be forced into forgiving.FWhat are the physical consequences of your anger?GOn the contrary, be committed to your own happiness.【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了达到谅解的四个步骤。1E解析：根据空前的“not something someone has pressured you into trying” 及选项E “People should not be forced into forgiving”可知答案。pressure sb. into doing与be forced into doing是近义短语。2B解析：本空是段落小标题，其他小标题都是祈使句，故可推知本空也应填一个祈使句，所以只有A、B、C和G项满足这个条件。该段通过几个连续的问题对“your anger”进行了剖析，即要“找出你的愤怒”，故选B项。3F解析：根据下文中的“Tiredness is the most common physical complaint”及选项F“What are the physical consequences of your anger？”可知，physical是重复出现的词，F项放在本空中，前后语义也是连贯的，所以选F。4D解析：空前的“That doesnt mean being good to them”和选项D“It just means you dont do anything negative”语意连贯，故选D项。5C解析：上文提到“The goal is.dont start there”，可知本空应该是正确的开始，即用一种新的方式来思考这些人(Instead, think about them in a new way)，空后进一步提示如何去思考。语言知识与写作规范练 完形填空(2019石家庄重点中学高三摸底)On my way back home I was stopped at traffic lights by some people who asked for help. A womanin her attempt to give 1 to an ambulancehad driven her car over stony obstacles that separated the bike line from the street, and, as a result, had gotten her car 2 . She couldnt move the car in any 3 without damaging it. A couple of people tried to 4 the car back but the obstacles were too high. Seeing that they couldnt do much about it, they left. The woman in the car tried to 5 some service, and was told that it would take about 45 minutes for someone to get there.While watching the other people 6 ， I realized the woman would be on her own and I imagined how 7 that would be if I were in her shoes. After some talking, she 8 me to sit inside her car.I wasnt in a hurry, so I 9 my family that I would be later and then tried to 10 the woman who seemed to feel stressed about causing others 11 . But actually it wasnt too much trouble 12 they could still pass, and also there wasnt anything she could do about it 13 . We laughed and 14 that all we needed was some tea for our picnic.Finally 15 came and helped her back on the street. She 16 me and asked for my phone number so she could return the 17 ， but I told her it was okay. She seemed to feel much 18 when we said our goodbyes. I believe that not having to face a difficult situation 19 can make a lot of 20 .【解题导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了作者安慰并帮助一位在马路上因为给救护车让行而陷入困境的女士的故事。1AsignalBwayCtimeDhelpB解析：一位女士试图给一辆救护车让行。give way to.“给让行”，为固定搭配。故选B。2AstuckBbrokenCdirtyDabandonedA解析：根据下文“She couldnt move the car”可推知，因为给救护车让行，这位女士的车卡(stuck)在那里不能动弹。3AsenseBminuteCdirectionDlineC解析：在不损坏车的情况下，无论往哪个方向(direction)都无法移动。4AliftBholdCpullDdriveA解析：根据上文“She couldnt move the car”以及下文“but the obstacles were too high”可推知，车子卡在那里，障碍物太高，不能被抬(lift)回来。5AofferBseekCrefuseDtakeB解析：那位女士在车里试图寻求(seek)一些服务。6AshoutBdiscussCstandDleaveD解析：根据上文中的“Seeing that they couldnt do much about it, they left”可知，当时其他人因为帮不了什么忙，都走开(leave)了。7AamazingBpleasantCuneasyDincredibleC解析：根据上文可知，那位女士的车被卡在障碍物上，其他人又帮不上忙，作者将心比心，觉得此情此景，那位女士一定不舒服(uneasy)，与下文“the woman who seemed to feel stressed about causing others _”呼应。8AforcedBinvitedCorderedDallowedB解析：根据语境可推知，那位女士邀请(invited)作者坐进她的车里。9AconsultedBwarnedCadvisedDinformedD解析：根据语境及下文“I would be later”可推知，作者是知会(informed)家人一些情况。10ApersuadeBcomfortCfrightenDsatisfyB解析：根据空后的“the woman who seemed to feel stressed about causing others _”可推知，那位女士似乎感到焦虑不安，作者试图宽慰(comfort)她，这与下文“We laughed and _ that all we needed was some tea for our picnic”呼应。11AtroubleBdisbeliefCanxietyDembarrassment