2016写作万能模板.pptVIP

中国石油大学（华东）远程教育学院,主 讲：王 朋,山东省成人学士学位英语考试 写 作 Writing,Writing,要求考生在30分钟内写出长度为100个单词的短文，内容切题，语句连贯，条理清楚，语法正确，语言通顺恰当。,写作禁忌,写作禁忌,1. 不写 2. 拼音 3. 脏乱 4. 抄袭,写作要点,写作要点,1. 切题 2. 分段 3. 列举 4. 总分总,作文类型,一、应用文 二、命题作文,应用文,书信（一般书信、邀请信、致谢信、申请信、投诉信） E-mail,应用文书信,应用文书信,应用文书信基本格式,January 6，2009 Dear x x x, . Best Wishes! Sincerely yours, x x x,日 期,称 呼,结束语,签 名,注意的几个问题： （1）日期写在右上角，年份必须是放在最后； （2）称呼应与左边线对齐，后面的标点一定是用逗号； （3）结束语Yours Sincerely, Sincerely yours, Yours Faithfully, Faithfully yours, Yours Truly, Truly yours，第一个字母要大写，结束语后要用逗号 （4） 署名一般低于结束语一两行，从信纸中间偏右的地方开始,Yours,应用文书信基本格式,注意的几个问题： （5）关于地址 写信人地址：右上角 收信人地址：收信人称呼上方 顺序：由小到大,应用文书信基本格式,书信常用语,1、称呼： Dear Jack, Dear Sir or Madam, 2、问候： I havent seen you for such a long time. Hows everything with you and how are you getting along with your work?,书信常用语,3、结束语 期待你的来信！ Im looking forward to your reply. Looking forward to hearing from you. Best wishes. 4、 签名 Yours, Mary / Tom,书信常用语,书信开头语： 1. Hows everything with you？ 2. How are you getting along these days? I miss you very much. 3. I havent seen you for ages. How are you recently? 4. Thank you for writing to me.,书信常用语,书信结尾语： 1. Im looking forward to hearing from you soon. 2. Please write to me as soon as possible. 3. With best wishes. 4. Please remember me to your family.,常用书信的客套语 一. 问候 I havent heard from you for ages. How are you doing? I havent seen you for such a long time. How are you getting along with your work? 二. 祝贺 I want to congratulate you with all my heart. I warmly congratulate you on what youve achieved. 三. 致谢 I am most grateful to you for your help. I want to thank you heartily for what you have done. 四. 询问 I wonder if you could tell me what to do. Id be most grateful if I could have your full support. Please could you let me know something about it. 五. 邀请 Is there any chance of your coming to have dinner with us at our home? We are wondering if you could come to have dinner with us at our home.,六. 接受邀请 Im delighted to accept your invitation. Thanks for your invitation. Im certainly looking forward to joining you. 七. 拒绝邀请 Im sincerely sorry that we cant join your dinner party. I regret to say “no” to your invitation. Thank you for your invitation but unfortunately 八. 抱歉 I do apologize for having kept you waiting. Im awfully sorry for giving you so much trouble. 九. 同情 Im more than sorry to hear of your illness. I cant tell you how sad I felt when I heard of 十. 安慰 It was a great shock to hear I just cant tell you how saddened I am Im most grieved to learn of,命题作文,三要素： 内容：不跑题 语言：词、句、段、篇 结构：总分总,命题作文,观点类 办法类,命题作文观点类,正反两方面论述： On Private Cars（2008年） 1. The benefits the car has brought us 2. The problem it has brought us 3. Your comments,命题作文观点类,Nowadays more and more families own private cars. Private cars, as the product of modem civilization, have been playing a vital role in peoples daily activities. First, private cars are a convenient means of transportation. You can go wherever you like. Secondly, there is no doubt that private cars will have a great impact on the economic growth. The rapid car industry growth will contribute much to keeping the countrys economy growing at a higher rate in the near future.,命题作文观点类,But every coin has two sides. The development of the private cars will bring about a series of problems. For example, the polluted air given off by cars will do great harm to our health, and too many private cars will lead to traffic jams and a great deal of energy will be wasted and so on.,命题作文观点类,So I think we should take advantages of private cars and make them serve us better. Meantime we hope that satisfactory solutions to these negative problems will be found soon.,命题作文观点类,The Importance of Traveling on Peoples Life（2006）【正反论述】 1. 旅行对人们生活的积极影响。 2. 旅行对人民生活的消极影响。 3. 我的观点。,命题作文观点类,Computers and Students（2005） 【一边倒】 1. 电脑得到越来越广泛的应用。 2. 大学生能从应用电脑中受益。 3. 大学生们应该学好电脑操作。,命题作文办法类,以“How to”开头 三类： 第一类是社会生活中的重大问题； 第二类是令人担忧的社会问题； 第三类是与大学生活紧密相连的问题。 “提出问题列举具体的解决办法总结”,万能开头句型,数字统计【推荐】 According to a recent survey, about 78.9% of the college students wanted to further their study after their graduation. Honesty：根据最近的一项统计调查显示，大学生向老师请假的理由当中78%都是假的。 According to a recent survey, about 78% excuses given by college students were false when they asked for leave.,万能开头句型,Travel by Bike：根据最近的一项统计调查显示，85%的人在近距离旅行的时候首选的交通工具是自行车。 According to a recent survey, 85% people who traveled in short distance chose bike as their preferred traffic tools.,万能开头句型,Five-day Work Week Better than Six-day Work? 根据最近的一项统计调查显示，98%的人同意每周五天工作日。 According to a recent survey, 98% of people support five-day work week. 更多句型：A recent statistics shows that ,万能结尾句型,1结尾万能公式一：结论 Obviously, we can draw the conclusion that good manners arise from politeness and respect for others. 更多过渡短语： to sum up, in conclusion, in brief, thus 更多句型： Thus, it can be concluded that Therefore, we can find that,万能结尾句型,2结尾万能公式二：建议 Obviously, it is high time that we took some measures to solve the problem. 更多句型： Accordingly, I recommend that some measures be taken. Consequently, to solve the problem, some measures should be taken.,主体部分,原则： 1. 主题句原则 2. 一二三原则 3. 短语优先原则 4. 正说反说原则,一 二 三原则,1）first, second, third, last 2）firstly, secondly, thirdly, finally 3）the first, the second, the third, the last 4）in the first place, in the second place, in the third place, lastly 5）to begin with, then, furthermore, finally 6）to start with, next, in addition, finally 7）first and foremost, besides, last but not least 8）most important of all, moreover, finally 9）on the one hand, on the other hand【用于两点】 10）for one thing, for another thing【用于两点】,表示因果关系的过渡词,therefore consequently thus hence so in this way as a result,in a word in brief in conclusion to conclude in short,表示总结的过渡词,短语优先原则,I love painting. 可以用短语表达： I am very fond of painting. That is, I am crazy about painting.,正说反说原则,一个问题从正反两个角度来写： 优势 / 好处(advantages) 劣势 / 坏处(disadvantages),作文模板 Computers and Students（2005） 1. 电脑得到越来越广泛的应用。 2. 大学生能从应用电脑中受益。 3. 大学生们应该学好电脑操作。 The Importance of Traveling on Peoples Life（2006） 1. 旅行对人们生活的积极影响。 2. 旅行对人民生活的消极影响。 3. 我的观点。,Writing,作文模板 On Private Cars(2008) 1. The benefits the car has brought us 2. The problem it has brought us 3. Your comments Food safety(2009) 1. 食品安全的现状 2. 危害人们身体的食品安全问题实例 3. 解决食品安全问题的措施 4. 你的见解,Writing,Advertising(2010) 1有人说广告使消费者更好地了解商品性能和优越性，买到更满意的产品。 2有人说广告片面夸大商品性能和优越性，误导消费者。 3你的观点，如何解决广告的误导效应。 Ban or Lift the Ban of Firecrackers(2011) 1. 有人认为燃放鞭炮贻害无穷，非禁不可。 2. 有人认为不可因噎废食，应该开禁，允许燃放。 3. 你的观点，如何解决这一争论。,Writing,Skipping Classes on College Campus (2012) 1. 大学里逃课现象时有发生。 2. 分析学生逃课的原因。 3. 如何减少逃课现象。 Living in big cities (2013) 1、成千上万的人涌入城市，特别是大城市。 2、我喜欢居住在生活方便的大城市。 3、然而，大城市正面临许多问题，其中最大的是,Writing,一、谈论某种社会现象 二、谈论某种事物,Writing,一、审题 二、列提纲 三、内容围绕what/why/how展开 四、使用列举、举例、对比方法拓展思路 五、保证10-12句话,写作思路,作文模板现象看法,现象正面论述反面论述 近来在社会上引起广泛关注，人们对此各持己见。一些人认为它有很多优势/好处。第一， ;第二， ；第三， 。因此，在我们的生活中扮演着重要的角色。 然而，另外一些人认为 有很多劣势/坏处。第一， ;第二， 。 在我看来，的好处远远大于它的坏处。我们应该采取有效措施避免带来的不良影响。, has recently aroused wide concern in the society and people hold different opinions on this matter. Some believe it has many advantages. Firstly,; secondly, ; thirdly, . Therefore, plays a significant role in our life. However, others maintain has many disadvantages. Firstly, ; Secondly, . In my opinion, its advantages far outweighs its disadvantages. And effective measures should be taken to avoid the harmful effects brought by .,作文模板现象看法,不良现象原因措施 近来在社会上引起广泛关注，人们对此各持己见。 究其原因，有如下三点：第一，；第二，；第三，。 我们应该采取有效措施避免带来的负面影响。一方面， ；另一方面， 。只有这样才能消除尽快控制住带给人们的不良影响。,作文模板现象原因, has recently aroused wide concern in the society and people hold different opinions on this matter. There are three main reasons for . Firstly, ; secondly, .; thirdly, In my opinion, effective measures should be taken to avoid the negative influences brought by . For one thing, ; for another thing, . Only in this way can we control the harmful effects made by .,作文模板现象原因,作文模板事物, 是人们生活中很重要的东西之一。它有很多优势/好处。第一， ;第二， ；第三， 。因此，在我们的生活中扮演着重要的角色。 然而，正如每个硬币都有两面一样， 也有很多劣势/坏处。第一， ;第二， 。 在我看来，的好处远远大于它的坏处。我们应该采取有效措施避免带来的不良影响。,作文模板事物, is one of the most important things in peoples life. It has many advantages. Firstly,; secondly, ; thirdly, . Therefore, plays a significant role in our life. However, just as every coin has two sides, also has some disadvantages. Firstly, ; Secondly, . In my opinion, its advantages far outweighs its disadvantages. And effective measures should be taken to avoid the harmful effects brought by .,advantages 优势/ 好处 / 长处/ 优点 benefits / positive effects / good points disadvantages 劣势 / 坏处 / 短处 / 缺点 problems/negative effects/ bad points 重要的： important / significant / crucial / vital 必须的： necessary / indispensable,作文模板观点,作文模板观点,Time: A waste of time Time-consuming Time-saving Save time,Money: A waste of money Save money Expensive/costly Cheap,作文模板观点,Convenient Efficient Relaxing,作文模板观点,Measures: The government should take actions; A law / some rules / regulations should be made ; People should work together,例题,Advertising（2010） 1有人说广告使消费者更好地了解商品性能和优越性，买到更满意的产品。 2有人说广告片面夸大商品性能和优越性，误导消费者。 3你的观点，如何解决广告的误导效应。,正反论述,Advertising has become one of the most important things in peoples life and brought us many advantages. Firstly, it is so convenient for us to learn different functions of various products from advertising on TV and newspaper. Secondly, we can compare the prices so as to buy the most satisfying product. Lastly, we can enjoy the beautiful advertising images on TV. Therefore, advertising plays a significant role in our life.,例 题,However, just as a coin has two sides, advertising has some disadvantages. For one thing, advertising can be misleading and it sometimes exaggerates functions of the products. For another thing, it is always interrupting us when we are watching a good show.,例 题,In my opinion, the advantages of advertising far outweigh the disadvantages. And effective measures must be taken to avoid its disadvantages. On one hand, government should strengthen the control of advertising. On the other hand, laws should be made to monitor advertising.,例 题,范文欣赏,Should the University Campus Be Open to Tourist