英语词性详细讲解.pptVIP

英语词性,名词的概念,名词可以分为专有名词和普通名词 . 如Beijing，China, the United States, Lu Xun等。 普通名词(普通名词包括可数名词和不可数名词) 名词,专有名词（首字母要大写the Great Wall；the West Lake 虚词（介词、连词、冠词）不用大写,普通名词,可数名词,不可数名词,名词复数的规则变化,以f或fe 结尾的名词变复数时： 去f, fe 加-ves，如：half-halves knife-knives leaf-leaves wolf-wolves wife-wives life-lives thief-thieves； 加s，如： belief-beliefs roof-roofs,名词复数的不规则变化,1）child-children foot-feet tooth-teeth goose-geese mouse-mice man-men woman-women German-Germans 2）单复同形如： deer，sheep，fish，Chinese，Japanese 3）集体名词，以单数形式出现，但实为复数。 如： people police 等本身就是复数，不能说 a people，a police，但可以说a person，a policeman，,要点考点聚焦,flower,flowers,找规律,watch,es,factory-factories,leaf - leaves,box,es,NOUN.,要点考点聚焦,找规律,tomatoes,potatoes,heroes,NOUN.,不规则变化,child-children,woman-women,deer,sheep,man-men,goose-geese,NOUN.,LOREM IPSUM DOLOR,拓展：1、不可数名词及其量的表达方式（不可数名词无法用数目来计算，也没有复数形式） 怎么样来表达数量？“计量词+of+不可数名词”来表达 a cup of coffee-two cups of coffee a piece of news-three pieces of news a piece of advice- four pieces of advice,LOREM IPSUM DOLOR,拓展：2、名词所有格 麦克的弟弟 Mikes brother 母亲节 Mothers Day 北京的公园 Beijings park 汤姆的书 Toms book 中国的地图Chinas map= the map of China 8分钟的脚程 我的桌子,LOREM IPSUM DOLOR,拓展：3、名词连用 one banana tree-two banana trees one man doctor-two men doctors 拓展: 4、常以复数形式出现的词 pants ； glasses ； clothes ； shoes jeans ； shorts ； chopsticks,LOREM IPSUM DOLOR,class- teacher- child- boy- city- box- tomato- chair- bus- dish- zoo- bank- leaf-,sheep- photo- wife- foot- man- mouse- friend-,根据所给单词的正确形式填空： 1. Different people may have different _. (idea) 2. I often go to work on . (foot) 3. I know one of the . (boy) 4. Mr. Brown is wearing a pair of . (glass) 5. Please give them their . (photo) 6. Are there any in the box? (watch) 7. There are twelve in a year. (month) 8. Would you like some ? (tomato) 9. Look at those in the boats! (people) 10. Look! The are singing. (woman) 11. September 10th is Day. (teacher) 12. Jim has some . (knife) 13. How much are these ? (vegetable) 14. My school is twenty _ walk from here. (minute) 15.All the_(woman)teachers and _(girl)students are having,ideas,foot,boys,glasses,photos,watches,months,tomatoes,people,women,Teachers,knives,vegetables,women,NOUN.,minutes,girl,1.Several _ are talking under the treeAnd they are_. Awoman;children Bwoman;child Cwomen;children 2.How far is your school from here？ Not very farIts about twenty walk.（2000杭州） Aminutes Bminutes Cminutes 3. There are three in my family. (2004长春） A.people B. person C. child 4. Most students can go to college for further in our city. A. education B. information C.science 5. This is bedroom. The twin sister like it very much. A. Ann and Jane B. Ann and Janes C.Anns and Janes,典型例题解析,C,C,A,A,B,NOUN.,冠 词,一. 冠词概述,冠词的概念：冠词是经常加在名词前面的一个辅助词，帮助说明名词的含义。 冠词在句子中不能单独作一个成分，是虚词。 冠词可分为不定冠词（a/an），定冠词（the）和零冠词（/）三类,不定冠词（a/an）,1、a用于辅音发音开头的词前，而不是辅音字母前面 如：a useful book；a university 2.an用于元音发音开头的词前，而不是元音字母前，如：an apple；an hour； an honest man,三. 不定冠词的用法,（一）不定冠词的用法： 1. 在叙述时用于第一次提到某人或某物 This is a book 2. 表示泛指的某人、某物 An English-English dictionary is very necessary for me. 3. 表示类别 An elephant is bigger than a horse. 4. 表示数量中的“一 ”。但数的概念没有one 强烈 用在数词中，表示“一”。 A book；a man； a dog； an hour 5. 用于某些物质名词和抽象名词前，表示“一阵，一份，一类，一场” There will be a strong wind here 6. 用于某些固定词组中 have a cold； have a good time； have a look ； have a rest,三. 定冠词的用法(the) the表示特指。同类中特定的一个，区别于其他人或事,1 表示特定的人或物 Do you know the girl in red skirt？ 2 表示上文提到过的人或事。 Tom has an apple. The apple is big and red. 3.表示双方都知道的人或物 Open the door 4 表示地球、宇宙中的独一无二的事物 世界上独一无二的东西很多，这里所指的独一无二主要是指各种天体及世界上比较有影响力的物体。 The sun ； the universe ； the earth 5.在世纪，年代名词前用冠词 in the 1980s 20世纪 80年代 in the nineteenth century 二十世纪,6 用于形容词最高级和序数词前，常用the the tallest boy He is always the first to come and the last to leave. 7 用于“越.越”结构中，the必不可少 The more ，the better 8 用于形容词前，表示一类人或事物 The rich 富人 the young 年轻人 The old the poor 9 用于乐器前，在演奏的乐器前加the play the guitar 10 用于姓氏复数前，表示一家人或夫妻两人 The Greens are watching TV now 11.用于普通名词构成的专有名词前 the Great Wall长城 the Summer Palace the United States,12 用于表示方位的名词前 in the east； in the west； in the north ； in the south 13.在江河、山脉、湖泊、海洋、群岛、海峡、海湾运河前用the the West Lake 西湖 the Pacific Ocean太平洋 14. 用于某些固定词组中 in the end最后 at the age of在几岁时 all the time 一直 in the morning 对比：有the 和没the 意义不同的词组 at table在吃饭 at the table在桌子旁 in hospital住院 in the hospital在医院 in future今后 in the future将来 take place发生 take the place取代 go to college上大学 go to the college到大学去 in class在 课堂上 in the class在班里 on earth 和 on the earth in front of 和 in the front of 前面,指内部,零冠词的用法,1 专有名词前一般不加冠词：China, American, Grade Two, Bill Smith 2 一些抽象的不可数名词前不加冠词： Life is short; art is long. Time waits for no man. 3 名词前已有this, that, my, whose, some, any, no, each, every等物主代词、指示代词、不定代词、名词所有格等修饰限定时，不加冠词。 this morning；my pen； your watch；whose bike 4 复数名词表示某一类人或事物时，不加冠词 They are workers. Computers are very popular to all kinds of people. 5 季节、月份、星期、日期和节日的名词前不加冠词 It is Sunday today. June 1st is Childrens Day in China. Spring is a lovely season. 6 在语言、学科、三餐、球类等名词前不加冠词 have breakfast；play football.,不用冠词的场合,7 在人名、称呼语、头衔、职务等名词前，一般不加冠词 What color are Mr. Greens shoes? This is Professor Li 8 在与by连用的交通工具名称前不加冠词 by car, by bus, by train (但take a bus, in a boat, on the bike前要加冠词) 9 表示语言的名词前不加冠词，但后加language时，必须加the Chinese French English the Chinese language the French language 12 固定短语里不用冠词 at first； take care of； in trouble；in time；in danger； on foot；on time；watch TV；,1. Mr Wang has worked as _English teacher for more than 10 years. A. / B. a C. an D. the 2 How long does it take us to go to your hometown from here? It takes us _ hour or more to go to my hometown by_ train. A. an; a B. a ; an C. an; / D. a; / 3 What _ useful book it is! Yeah, it tells you how to play guitar. A. an； the B. a； a C. a； the D. an； a 4、.Susan joined an art club at age of six and paints well. A. the B. an C.a 5、My uncle is _ engineer. He works very hard. A. the B. a C. an,练习,6.A horse is _ useful animal. A. a B. an C. the D. / 7.We usually go to _ school on weekdays, and sometimes go to_ cinema at weekends. A. 不填；the B. the; the C. the; 不填 D. 不填；不填 8_ are planning to go on vacation. A. Blacks B. A Blacks C. The Blacks D. The Blacks 9.Mrs Smith has _ son and a daughter. A. a B. an C. the D. / 11. She learned to play _ piano all by herself. A. a B. an C. the D.不填,12. What do you want to be in the future, Nick? I want to be _ pilot. It is_ exciting job. A、 a; a B. a; an C. the; an D, a; the 13.There is _big supermarket in _center of our city. A、a; the B. the; a C. the; the 14. Beijing, _ capital of China, has _ long history. A. a; a B. the; 不填 C. the; a D. 不填；the 15. Lets have _ break; I want to make_ telephone call. A. a; a B. a; the C. the; a D. the; the 16. “Cindy, do you have _ e-mail address? I want to send you some photos. “ “Yes, I do. Its cindy26 sohu. com. “ A. a B. an C. the 17. It is _ popular way among the young people to chat on the Internet now. A. a B. an C. the,18.Do you know _ girl who is standing under _ tree? Of course! She is Lucy, my classmates. A. the, the B. a, a C. a, / D. /, the 19.There is _ pencil on the desk. A、 an B. a C. the D. / 20. I often go to school _. A. by bus B. by a bus C. by the bus D.by buses,代词,代词是代替名词的一种词类。大多数代词具有名词和形容词的功能。英语中的代词，按其意义、特征及在句中的作用分为：人称代词、物主代词、指示代词、反身代词、相互代词、疑问代词、关系代词和不定代词八种。,代词的分类： 1.人称代词 2.物主代词 3. 反身代词: myself, ourselves, yourself, himself, herself 4.指示代词: this, that, these, those 5. 疑问代词: what, who, whose, which, 6. 不定代词: some, any, either,neither, another,others, (a) few, (a) little, a lot, many, much 7.相互代词 8. 关系代词,主格：I, we, you, they, he, she, it 宾格：me, us, you, them, him, her, it,形容词性my, our, your, his, her, their, its 名词性mine, ours, yours, his, hers, theirs, its,I. 人称代词 ：表示谁的词。 1). 主格代词作主语(注意: 主谓一致) 2). 宾格代词作宾语(动词宾语和介词宾语) He gives me an apple I like go shopping with him,me you him her it,us you them,考场练兵,She didnt tell _ (I )when to leave. Why dont you give _(we) some examples? Miss Li teaches_(they) maths. We will look after _(he) when you are away. Did you borrow the radio from _(she)? _are all very busy recently. A. I, you and he B. you, I and he C. He , you and I D. You, he and I 7. He told _ to hand in _homework. A. we, we B. I, me C. us, our D. my, I,me,us,them,him,her,8.I think _is going to rain. it B. its C. its D. that 9.Listen! There is a knock at the door. Do you know who_ can be? he B. him C. it D. she 10.Kate has lost _key. _asks _for help. Her, He, I B. His , He , me C. his , She , I D. her , She , me 11.I saw_playing in the street at that time. them B. they C. their D. theirs 12. There are many people over there. They are waiting for_. A. we B. us C. our D. ours,II.物主代词:表示所属关系的代词,也叫代词所有格ones(whose),mine yours his hers its ours yours theirs,两种物主代词的区别： 名词性物主代词 =,形容词性物主代词 + n. my bags=mine,1). 形容词性物主代词后面一定要接名词( 作定语) my books；our classroom； your pencil ) 2). 名词性物主代词后面不能接名词, (作主语,宾语等) Your English is bad，mine is good. Is this your book? Yes, it is mine.,考场练兵,I gave her _address and she gave me _. my , her B. my , hers C. mine , her D. mine, hers 2.This is _seat. _is over there. your, my B. mine, your C. your , mine D. my , your 3.Jim did _best in the Chinese exam. his B. him C. himself D. he 4.He touched _on _shoulder. my, my B. me , my C. her, her D. me, the,5.Her homework is more careful than_. me B. my C. mine D. I 6.Everyone should do _best. Its B. ones C. their D. his 7. A friend of _will go with me. My B. me C. mine D. I 8._school is much bigger than_. Their , our B. Your , their C. Their , ours D. ours, yours,III.反身代词(自己) oneself 注: 第一,二人称的反身代词由形容词性物主代词+self/selves 构成第三人称的反身代词由宾格代词+ self/selves构成 作用: 1). 作动词或介词的宾语。常搭配的动词enjoy，help， look after， take care of等 2). 作同位语（加强被修饰词的语气，紧放在被修饰名词后, 或句末） He himself told me the news. You said it yourself.,人称,反身代词构成的短语 enjoy oneself 玩得开心 = have a good time dress oneself 自己穿衣服 look after oneself =take care of oneself help oneself (to） 请自便吃点 5. by oneself 独自地 = on ones own for oneself 替自己 smile to oneself 偷笑,窃笑 say to oneself 自言自语,They enjoy_(they) You should take care of _(he) _(she)is a teacher He tells_(I)that he will go there He likes playing with_(we) This is _(you) book We love _(we)school I do not like _(I) book,can I use_(you) Your bag is better than _(my) We have to take care of_(we),I often talk with_(they) You should take care of _(you) _(he)is a teacher He likes_(I)very much He likes playing with_(she) I like _(you) bag I love _(I) family _(you)school is better than_(we) Your bag is bigger than _(my) I love_(you).Do you love_(I),三、 指示代词表示“那个“、“这个“、“这些“、“那些“等指示概念的代词。,Eg. That is a good idea. I love those book in blue. These people are my friends. Eg The weather in Changshan is warmer than that in Jiangshan. The apples on this tree are bigger than those on that tree.,七、 疑问代词有who，whom，whose，what和which,when等。在句子中用来构成特殊疑问句。疑问代词都可用作连接代词，引导名词性从句（主语从句、宾语从句和表语从句）,Who are you? Where is his coat? Whose bag is this? Which season do you like best? What does he often do on Sundays? Could you tell me what his name is ? What he said moved me a lot.,IV.不定代词：不指明代替任何特定名词（或形容词）的代词(both,all,many,much,each,another,either,a few,little) 复合不定代词：不定代词some,any,every,no与one,body,thing的组合 someone(某人） anyone everyone no one(none) somebody anybody everybody nobody something anything everything nothing,There is someone in his office. Everyone knows that. Im sure somebody important has arrived. There is something wrong with him. Is there anything interesting in todays newspaper? 注1）复合不定代词均为单数，其谓语动词用单数 2）形容词修饰复合不定代词放后面,some与any都可以修饰可数名词和不可数名词 1、一般来讲，some用于肯定句，any用于否定 句、疑问句 2、在表建议、请求或希望对方做出肯定回答的 疑问句中，用some Would you like some coffee？ Do you have some coins？ 3、any可以用于肯定句中，表示“任何一个”。后跟 单数可数名词或不可数名词Any day is ok,3.(the) other, (the) others, another 1 ).other a. 别的，其它的 other+复数名词=others 2).the other+单数名词表示两者中的另一个， 常与one连用。I have two apples, one is for you, the other is for me. another+单数名词表示三者或三者以上的任何一个 I dont like this, show me another. the other+复数名词特指其余所有的人或物 =the others,none和all的区别（适用范围都是三者或三者以上） it，one，that 的区别 them ，ones ，those,考场练兵,4.either（两者中的任何一个）, neither （两者都不），both（两者都） 1）either 表示两者之间的任何一个。动词用单数 Either of them is right. 2）对both的全部否定，作主语时，动词用单数。 Neither of the two sisters has come.,1.I dont like this coat.Can you show me that _? one B. some C. it D. any 2.Are there _boys in the classroom? No, there are only_girls. some, some B. any, some C. some, any D. any, any 3. Hurry up! There is _time left. A. A few B. a little C. few D. little,4.Is there _in todays newspaper? anything important B. something important C. important something D. important anything 5.She has two books on the desk. _ of them is written in English. Both B. Either C. All D. Every 6.I will come some _day. ones B. one C. other D. another 7.Some are reading, _are writing. another B. other C. others D. ones,11.There are trees on _ side of the street. either B. every C. both D. all 12.Are the two boys here? No, _here. No one is B. all are not C. neither 13. I have little money, so I cant lend you _. A.some B.any C.much D.many 14. There is _milk left. We have to go and buy some at once. A.a little B.a few Cfew D.little 15. The old man has _ friends. So he often feels lonely. A.few B.a few C.little D.a little,16.There are twenty teachers in this grade. Eight of them are women teachers and _ are men teachers. A.the other B.the others C.others D.other 17. He was too happy to say _. A.something B.anything C.nothing D.everything 18. Please be quiet! I have _ to tell you. A.important something B.nothing important C.important anything D.something important 19.We have three small rooms . _room can seat about 20people. A. All B. One C.Both D. Each,五、 表示相互关系的代词叫相互代词，有each other 和one another两组，但在运用中，这两组词没什么区别。,We should love each other. Tom and Betty are friends, so they always help each other. Our students learn one another.,八、 关系代词有who，whom，whose，that，which，as等，可用作引导定语从句的关联词。它们在定语从句中可作主语、表语、宾语、定语等；另一方面它们又代表主句中为定语从句所修饰的那个名词或代词（通称为先行词）。,He is the man whom you have been looking for. I hope I can find a job that I can devote myself to. This is the book whose covering is old. That is the same food as you want.,1._(我) am a worker. _(你) are a doctor. _(她) is a teacher. 2.This is_ (他的 )shirt. 3. This is _(我的)pen. 4._(他们的) trousers are there. 5. I like this picture. Please give _(它) to_(我). 6. People get _(他们的) money from_(我). 7._(他们) are new students. _(他们的) names are Lucy and Lily. 8. These are _(我们的) shoes. Can _(我们) wear _(它们). 9Thank _ for _(你的) help. 10. _(他) loves _（她）, and _(她) loves _（他）,too. 11. _(我) love _（你）, and _(你) love _（我），too.,I,You,my,his,She,Their,their,me,it,They,Their,me,our,me,them,we,He,your,you,you,you,her,I,him,she,学习目标 一 基数词的构成。 二 序数词的构成。 三 数词的基本用法。 四 数词的特殊用法。,数词概述,数词分为基数词和序数词。 基数词表示数目或数量多少。 序数词表示顺序和等级。 。,一 基数词的构成 1 one 11 eleven 20 twenty 2 two 12 twelve 21 twenty-one 3 three 13 thirteen 30 thirty 4 four 14 fourteen 40 forty 5 five 15 fifteen 50 fifty 6 six 16 sixteen 60 sixty 7 seven 17 seventeen 70 seventy 8 eight 18 eighteen 80 eighty 9 nine 19 nineteen 90 ninety 10 ten 100 one/a hundred,基数词的构成 （1-12单独记，13-19后teen，20-90整 十位ty是后缀，几十几连字符-别忘记，几百几and连 205 two hundred and five 235 two hundred and thirty-five 20，000 twenty thousand 2,000,000 two million 1，235，864,327,二 序数词的构成,一 基数词的构成 二 序数词的构成 1 one 1st 2 two 2nd 3 three 3rd 4 four fourth 4th 5 five 5th 6 six sixth 6th 7 seven seventh 7th 8 eight 8th 9 nine 9th,first,second,third,fifth,eighth,ninth,八加h九去e,一二三，特殊记,一、二、三单独记 th从四起 八去t九去e ve要用f替： ty变成tie,一 基数词的构成 二 序数词的构成 10 ten tenth 10th eleven eleventh 11th 12 twelve 12th 13 thirteen thirteenth 13th fourteen fourteenth 14th 15 fifteen fifteenth 15th sixteen sixteenth 16th 17 seventeen seventeenth 17th,twelfth,e , ve要用f替,一 基数词的构成 二 序数词的构成 18 eighteen eighteenth 18th 19 nineteen nineteenth 19th 20 twenty 20th 21 twenty-one twenty - 21th 22 twenty-two twenty- 22th 23 twenty-three twenty- 23th 24 twenty-four twenty-fourth 24th,twentieth,first,scond,third,以y结尾变ie, 后跟th莫忘记,若想表示几十几 只变个位就可以,练一练 一 读出下列数字 79 103 999 1,302 6,896,203 123,234,438,209 二 写出下列数字. 1.two thousand six hundred and fifty-nine _ 2.eighteen million two hundred and thirt