《主体段写作讲义》PPT课件.ppt

主体段写作,分析原因（现象解释类；对立观点类） 阐述方法或者提出建议（问题解决类） 分析影响（利弊；危害性）（现象解释类；问题解决类）,结构和内容要素,表列举、递进、转折或对比 首先：Firstly; To start/begin with; For a start; Above all, First of all, In the first place, first and foremost,衔接词,Besides; Also; In addition; Additionally; Moreover; furthermore; Secondly; thirdly; Last but not least,其次/而且/另外(表递进和列举),然而：However; Nevertheless; while +句子； despite that+句子/despite+名词短语 相反： on the contrary; Conversely; in contrast in comparison with,表转折、对比：,成对出现的衔接词： On the one hand, on the other hand For one thing, for another,引出原因句型 A类句型(许多/以下)原因可以解释现象： A number of factors are accountable for this situation. First of all, Moreover, Besides, A number of factors might contribute to/lead to/account for the phenomenon/ problem. 3. The following reasons can account for/explain the phenomenon.,分析原因句型,B类句型：There be句型 3. There are many factors responsible for/behind this phenomenon. 4. There are a large number of reasons for this social phenomenon, but in general, they come down to three major ones.,C类句型：提问引出原因 5. Why ? 6. But what lead to? 练习： 1. 为什么“博客”在短时间类就变得如此流行呢？ Why does “blog” become so popular in such a short time? 2. 是什么导致父母的期望和孩子的理想之间的冲突呢？ What lead to the conflict between parents hopes and childrens ideals?,列举原因,衔接词 句型： 1. One of the main reasons foris that 练：产生这一变化的一个主要原因是中国人民的生活水平得到了很大的改善。 One of the main reasons for this change is that the living standard of Chinese people has been improved greatly. 2. Among all the reasons, plays a vital role in 练：在所有原因中，大学扩招（the enrollment expansion of universities）起着关键作用。,3. is also a noticeable reason. 练： 公路上越来越多的汽车也是一个值得关注的原因。 The increasing number of vehicles on road is also a noticeable reason. 4have much to do with 练：这些灾难的发生和我们人类对地球的所作所为有很大的关系。 The disasters have much to do with what we have done to the earth.,5. Due to/Because of/Thanks to+名词性短语， 练：由于网络管理（network administration）的欠缺和网络安全(network security)的薄弱，我们的信息可能被公开、偷窃或出售。 Due to/Because of/Thanks to the poor internet administration and weak network security, our information might be open, stolen or sold.,说明方法或提出建议句式,引出方法句式(适用于主体段提建议)： 1. The following measures can be taken/adopted to solve the problem. 2. In order to settle the problem/conflict, certain measures should be taken in time. 3. Obviously, it is necessary to take some effective measures to 3. However, how should this problem be solved?,练： 1. 如何才能建立一个理想的师生关系（teacher-student relationship）呢？ How can we build an ideal teacher-student relationship? 2. 下列措施可以减少校园浪费。/显然，有必要采取有效措施来减少校园浪费。 The following measures can be taken to reduce campus waste. 3. 为了解决这一冲突，父母和孩子双方都要付出努力。 In order to solve the conflict, both parents and children should pay their efforts.,列举方法句式（适用于主体段）,Firstly, should（主动语态） 练：首先，老师和学生应该互相尊重。这是良好关系的前提(precondition)。 First of all, the teacher and the student should respect each other, which is the precondition of a good relationship.,In addition, is an effective way to. 练： 其次，听音乐是缓解压力的一个有效地办法。 In addition, listening to music is an effective way to relieve pressure. Besides, should (被动语态) 练：应该制定法律惩罚醉驾的人 Besides, strict laws should be made to punish those drunken driving people.,引出方法句式(适用于结尾段提建议)： Considering the seriousness of the problem, effective measures should be taken. Considering the bad effects of, it must be taken more seriously. Considering the above-mentioned factors, effective measures should be taken to ,练习： 1. 考虑到问题的严重性，应该采取有效措施来保护我们免受噪音的干扰。 Considering the seriousness of the problem, effective measures should be taken to protect us against noise. 2. 考虑到抑郁症的负面影响，我们必须更加重视它。Considering the bad effects of depression, it must be taken more seriously. 3. 考虑到以上因素/综上所述，我们应该谨慎地选用参考书(reference books)。 Considering the above factors, we should be careful in selecting and using reference books.,总结方法句式（适用于结尾段）,Only through these measures/methods can we 练习： 只用通过这些方法或措施，我们才能充分利用参考书。Only in this way can we make full use of reference books. Only in this way can we Only when In a word, it takes our common/joint efforts to ,说明原因演练,The Popularity of Green Food 1) 近年来，绿色食品变得越来越流行 2)分析这种现象产生的原因 3)谈谈你对该现象的看法,The following reasons can account for the popularity of green food. Above all, compared with ordinary food, green food is healthier, safer and more nutritious. Moreover, nowadays, many vegetables are polluted because of the use of agricultural chemicals, while green food is free of pollution. Besides, with the improvement of living standards, more people can afford a healthier but more expensive lifestyle. So green food, despite its higher price, still becomes peoples favorite food.,说明方法演练,The Damage of Public Facilities 公共设施破坏严重的问题亟待解决 解决办法有哪些 你的看法,The following ways can be adopted to lessen the damage to public facilities. Firstly, it is essential that we citizens should be civilized to behave morally. Secondly, st