《冠词代词数词等》PPT课件.ppt

Welcome to English Grammar Class,The Article 冠词 重点掌握： 冠词的种类及用法 e.g. We work eight hours a day. (每天) I will never forget the day when we got married. The tea of Hangzhou is very good. The students of SISU attended the meeting,2. 何时使用“a” 或“an” a-用于辅音(发音)之前 (“phonetic” not “letter”) an-用于元音(发音)之前 “(phonetic” not “letter”),e.g. a useful book a one-eyed man a university; a useful animal; a unit a ewe an MP; an X-ray; an 800-meter race,一、不定冠词的用法 （6项） 二、定冠词的用法（10项） 三、专有名词与定冠词(3+8项) 四、零冠词（12项） 五、冠词的位置,一、不定冠词(a, an)的用法,二、定冠词,3,9,三、专有名词与定冠词 1、专有名词前不加定冠词,2、但在下列情形下要加定冠词,四、零冠词 （名词前不用冠词，我们称之为零冠词）,部分词组中有冠词和没有冠词其含义不同。一般说来，名词前无冠词，则表示抽象意义；名词前有冠词，则表示具体意义。 out of problem 不成问题 take place 发生 out of the problem 不可能 take the place of代替 in hospital， at table in front of in the hospital at the table in the front of， on earth of age 成年 lose color脸色苍白 on the earth of an age 同岁 lose the color褪色,五、冠词的位置 1、what, such, many可用于a(n)之前，但不能用于the, this 或my等词之前,2、too,how,so,as本身是副词，所以在a/an之前需要有形容词,Some usages:惯用法 短语中带有a的惯用法 as a rule; as a whole; all of a sudden; at a loss; in a hurry 2.在名词成对出现的成语里，常省去不定冠词a arm in arm; day after day; face to face; young and old; from beginning to end; from head to foot; from cover to cover(自始自终)；from morning till night,Chapter 5 Pronouns,2.代词的种类及用法,代词用法注意事项 、有关格 两个以上人称代词并用时，其顺序是： 单数 按2-3-1人称排序 复数 按1-2-3人称排序,2、在比较级从句中，人称代词随意义而决定主格或宾格 He likes you better than me.= He likes you better than (he likes) me. He likes you better than I.=He likes you better than I (like you) 二、It的用法 代替前面提过的名词 指时间、天气、距离 做形式主语或宾语 用于强调句型, It 可做形式上的主语，以代替后面的不定式、动名词或 名词从句。句型如下： to + V (不定式) It + 动词+ + V-ing (动名词) that + S + V (名词从句) (形式主语) (真正主语) It is wrong to tell a lie It is no use crying over the spilt milk. (覆水难收) It is uncertain who will come. It 可做形式上的宾语,以代替后面的真正宾语,句型如下: take,find to+V 主语+ make,believe + it +宾补 + that+S+V think,consider V-ing,I make it a rule to get up early. I took it for granted that he knew me. He found it difficult asking others help. It用于强调句型 Pattern: It + be + 被强调部分 + that (who)引起的从句 It was the teacher who taught us seriously. It was in this house that he lived ten years. 三、各类代词在句中的作用（the function of pronouns ） 人称代词 主语 We are all Chinese. 主格 表语 Who is it? It is I (me). 动词宾语 We will help them. 宾格 介词宾语 The teacher will have a talk with us.,物主代词（代词所有格）possessive pron. 形容词性的物主代词在句中都是做定语 We all love our motherland. Show us your good handwriting. 名词性的物主代词在句中可作主语、宾语和表语 Your radio is old, but mine is new. Since you borrowed his watch, let me borrow hers. They have their friends, we have friends of ours, too. Whose son is this child? Its hers. 反身代词self pron. 动词宾语 Please help yourself to some fish. 介词宾语 A bike can work by itself. 同位语 We d better ask the guest himself about it.,相互代词reciprocal pron. We often help each other / one another. We care for each others / one anothers study (所有格) 2.指示代词demonstrative pron. this, that, these, those可作主语、宾语、表语、定语和 状语 This is mine and that is hers. Try to keep all these in mind. I like this boy, but he likes that one. Can you promise that much? 你能答应那么多吗？ such 与some的用法 作定语 I have never seen such a man as him. The same thing happened again. 作主语 The same can be done by you. Such is my father, simple and honest.,作表语 Our opinions are just the same. 3.不定代词 Indefinite pron. 表数的不定代词 few, a few; many, a number of, a large number of; (接复数可 数名词) none of; no, （接可数名词或代词宾格）(谓语单复数皆可) all, （接单、复数皆可） some, any; （接可数或不可数名词） both, （接复数名词或复数代词宾格） neither, either, one, other, another, each, every, （表单数） others, （接复数谓语） somebody, something, nobody, nothing, everybody,everything, anybody, anything,都表单数概念,定语通常后置,表量的不定代词 little, a little, much, some, a great deal of,; a lot of, lots of, a great lot, a good lot (等后接不可数名词， 作“大量”解，如果后接可数名词复数，则作“大批”解) 关于限定代词与不可数名词以及与复数可数名词的 搭配关系列表如下：,4.疑问代词 （用作特殊疑问句的疑问词） 疑问代词在句中可作主语、表语、宾语和定语 Who says such a thing? Who is who? This cup is whose? Who/Whom are you speaking to? Whose letter is it? 5.连接代词 （与疑问代词同形） 引导名词性从句，疑问代词在句中可作主语、宾语、表 语、定语，还可引导不定式短语作宾语。由构成的疑问代 词引导状语从句。 (例句见教材P97-101),6.关系代词 （引导定语从句） 关系代词前必有一先行的名词,否则,它就没有可代的关 系。关系代词在定语从句中作主语、宾语和定语。 The teacher is over 70. The teacher who is over 70 still He still teaches at school. teaches at school. （关系代词指代teacher，在从句中作主语） The book was bought long ago. The book ,which you You mentioned the book last week. mentioned last week, was bought long ago. The boy is our classmate. The boy whose leg was hurt just His leg was hurt just now. now is our classmate.,Chapter 6 Numerals 数词 Classifications of numerals: Cardinal numerals 基数词 Ordinal numerals 序数词 Fractional numerals 分数词 一、Cardinal numerals基数词 1）基数词写法和读法： 345 (three hundred and forty- five) 2）基数词一般是单数形式，但下列情况，常用复数： a. 在一些表示“一排“或“一组“的词组里； 如：They arrived in twos and threes. b. 表示“二十多，三十多岁“；in ones twenties /thirties /forties.,c. 表示“年代“，用 in +the +数词复数；Eg. in the sixties d. 在乘法运算的一种表示法里，如： 3 5 = 15 Three fives is (are) fifteen. 3) 编号的结构形式 名词+基数词= the +序数词+名词 Eg. Lesson 27 = the twenty-seventh lesson 注: 两位数以上的数词一般用”名词+基数词”的方法 如: 第163页 Page one hundred and sixty-three 第405号房 Room No. four O five 二、序数词 1、构成： 基数词+th fourth, sixth, twenty-seventh.,但one-first, two-second, three-third, five-fifth, eight-eighth, nine-ninth, twelvetwelfth例外 以ty结尾的基数词则要将”y”改为“i”再加eth Eg. twenty-twentieth 2、序数词的缩写形式： first-1st second-2nd thirty-first-31st eighth-8th 三、 倍数和分数表示法 1）倍数表示法 a. 主语+谓语+倍数（或分数）+ as + adj. + as I have three times as many / (much) (books) as you. 我(的书)是你的三倍那么多。,b. 主语+谓语+倍数(分数)+ the size (amount, length) of The earth is 49 times the size of the moon. c. 主语+谓语+倍数(分数)+ 形容词(副词)比较级+ than The grain output is 8 percent higher this year than that of last year. 今年粮食产量比去年增加8%。 d. 还可以用by+倍数，表示增加多少倍 The production of grain has increased (by)four times （fourfold）this year. 今年粮食产量增加了?倍。 2）分数表示法 构成：分子用基数词表示，分母用序数词表示。分子大 于1时，分母序数词用复数： 3 基数词 5 序数词,1/3 one-third ； 3/37 three and thirty-sevenths. 1/2 one (a) half 5 1/2 five and a half (整数与分数之间用and连接) 3) 小数和百分数读法 125 (one point two five)但“一块五毛八（1.58元）”读 作one yuan and eighty-five fen 0.6% (zero point six per cent) 4) 数学运算式读法 3+4=7 Three plus four equals (is) seven. 10-6=4 Ten minus six is four. 85=40 Eight times five is forty. 204=5 Twenty divided by four is five.,1