ReadingEnglisharoundtheworld.ppt

Unit 2 English around the world Reading,Am E,Br E,Look at the pictures. Can you speak them in American English and British English?,soccer,football,Am E,Br E,eraser,rubber,Am E,Br E,lift,elevator,Am E,Br E,flat,apartment,Pre-reading,Read the title “The Road to Modern English” and predict what the passage is mainly about?,The road to modern English,The road,the development of English language,More and more people speak English.,Native English speakers can understand each other but not everything.,Para 1:,Para 2:,Skimming,Main ideas of paragraphs,At the end of Later in the next century Today,English is changing over time. (cultures & places),English is spoken as a foreign or second language in many countries.,Para 3-4:,Para 5:,Careful reading: Para 1-Development of English,At the end of the 16th century,Later in the next century,today,people,How has English changed over time? AD 450-1150,English was based more on German than the English spoken by us today.,It became first like Danish, later more like French.,Shakespeare was able to make use of a wider vocabulary.,Para 3-4,(identity),AD800-1150,by the 1600s,In 1620,Some British settles moved to America,Later in the 18th Century,British people went to Australia and Colonized it.,1765-1947,Britain ruled India , so English was spoken in India.,Find out the characteristics of each time according to the time axis.,AD450-1150,AD800-1150,The time ADEL was written,In the 1600s,later,German,less like German; first Danish later French,Shakespeares English,American English,Australian English,German,The history of the English language,less,ruled,Shakespeare,America,Australia,government and education,English spelling,dictionary,The American Dictionary of the English Language.,in South Asia,China,South Africa,Samuel Johnson Born: September 18, 1709 Write a dictionary One of the English languages most profound influences.,Two important persons in Para 4,Noah Webster Born: October 16, 1758 Died: May 28, 1843 When Noah was 43, he started writing the first American dictionary. He did this because Americans in different parts of the country spelled, pronounced and used words differently.,Why is India mentioned in the last paragraph? A. Because India is a typical country who speaks English as a second language because of its long being ruled by Britain. B. Because India has a very large number of English speakers. C. Because India is a country where English plays a very important role in social life. D. Because India has a long history of communication with Britain.,Para 5,A,English is used as,A first language,A second language,A foreign language,in the UK, USA, Canada, Australia, South Africa, Ireland and New Zealand and so on.,in India, Pakistan, Nigeria the Philippines, and HK and so on.,in China, and so on.,time,place,Language can change with time.,Language can change when cultures communicate with each other.,Conclusion,Flow Chart,The Road To Modern English,English is not all the same,English changes over time,The end of 16th C,The next century,Today,More like French,Shake-speares time,English speakers increasing,English spread in Asia and Africa,Am E,Australian English,India,Other coun-tries,China,Based on German,1. English has/had the most speakers_. now when the British ruled many parts of the world C. in the time of Shakespeare D. in the 12th century 2. Which of the following statement is true? Languages always stay the same. Languages change only after wars. Languages no longer change. Languages change when cultures change.,A,D,Choose the correct answer.,3. From AD 450 to 1150, English sounded more like _. A. French B. Chinese C. German D. Russian 4. Shakespeares English was spoken around _. A. 1400s B. 1150s C. 450s D. 1600s 5. Which country has the fastest growing number of English speakers in the world? A. Australia B. China C. India D. Britain,C,D,B,Most English speakers in the 16th century lived in England. 2. More and more people use English as their first or 2nd language. 3. English began to be spoken in other countries in 17th century.,T,T,T,True or False,4. Native English speakers cant understand each other because they dont speak the same kind of English. 5. As English is widely used, it will be more and more important to have a good knowledge of English. 6. Noah Webster wrote The American Dictionary of the English Language.,F,T,T,7. From 1765 to 1947 English became the language for government and education in India. 8. America has the largest number of English learners. 9. English had the most speakers in the 17th century. 10. English developed when new settlers and rulers came to Britain.,T,F,F,T,11. Languages frequently change. 12. The language of the government is always the language of the country. 13. English is one of the official languages used in India. 14. This reading describes the development of the English language.,F,T,T,F,1. What is the clue of the passage? 2. When did people from England begin to move to other parts of the world?,Time.,In the 17th century.,Read the text carefully and answer the following questions.,3. Why does India have a large number of English speakers?,India was ruled by Britain from 1765 to 1947. And during that time English became the language for government and education.,At first, only people in _ spoke English. Later, people from England _ to other parts, so English began to be spoken in _ _ _. Today, _ people speak English as their _, second or foreign language. _ English speakers _ understand each other but _ _.,Retell the text.,England,moved,many other countries,more,first,Native,can,not everything,All languages change when _ communicate with one another. So there are British English, American English, Australian English and so on. They all have their own _. English is also spoken as a foreign or second language in _ _ _. Maybe one day Chinese English will become one of the world English.,cultures,identity,many other countries,Thinking,Will Chinese English become one of the world Englishes?,“Only time will tell”.,Discussion,Do you think it matters what kind of English you learn? Why? 2. Why do you think people all over the world want to learn English?,Why do so many people want to learn English?,To use for business,To use in school,To talk to native speakers,To read English books,To write to pen friends,To listen to English music and movies,1. Nearly all of them lived in England. nearly和almost 用法明辨： (1) 两者通用的场合 a. 在肯定句中 b. 修饰all, every, always 等时 c. 在行为动词的否定式前时 e.g. He is almost/nearly 80 years old.,Language Points,(2)只用almost 的场合 a. 和any, no, none, nothing, nobody, nowhere, never 等连用时。 b. 和too, more than 等连用时。 c. 和表示感觉或心理活动的静态 动词连用时。 e.g. There is almost none left. (3)只用nearly的场合 a. 被 very, not, pretty 等修饰时。 b. 和具体数字连用时(nearly常用)。如: Nearly 100 students attended the meeting.,2. voyage 在此为可数名词, 意为“旅行, 航行”。如： The Titanic went under on its first voyage. They supplied this ship with enough food and necessities for a long voyage. I dont want to make the voyage without help.,拓展 voyage还可用作动词, 意为“(乘船) 航行, 航海”。如： They planned to voyage across the Pacific Ocean. 注意区别名词travel, journey, trip 和voyage: travel 用作不可数名词, 只用于泛指从 某地去另一地，如果某人在某段时间里 到处走, 可用travels；journey用作可数 名词, 表示去某地所花的时间和旅行,的距离, 尤指较长距离的或定期的旅行; trip用作可数名词, 表示非定期的, 也许 较短的往返旅行; voyage则常指海上旅 行或太空旅行。 Air travel is becoming cheaper. Hes on his travels again. Lily had a long and difficult journey through the mountains last year. The kids are going on a trip to the castle.,3. because of 后边加名词或动名词短语； because 是连词, 所以后边跟句子。 因为你的关心, 我发现生活充满了希望。 Because you are concerned about me, I find that life is full of hope. Because of your concern, I find that life is full of hope.,因为雨下得很大, 那个男孩穿过树林 回家了。 Because it rained heavily, the boy went back home through the woods. Because of the heavy rain, the boy went back home through the woods.,4. than ever before “比以往任何时候更” than ever before可看作是than they ever speak English before 的省略形式。 在比较级结构中，副词 ever 与比较级 和最高级连用，用来加强语气。如: Youll speak English much better than ever before. Jane looks much prettier than ever before.,ever在不同句型中的意义： 1) 曾经; 以前 (用于疑问句) 2) 无论什么时候都 (不) (用于否定句) 3) 曾经 (用于if 从句) 4) 到底; 究竟 (用于特殊疑问句) 5) 永远; 老是 (用于肯定句),5. Native English speakers can understand each other even if they dont speak the same kind of English. even if =even though “即使”, 用来引导 一个让步状语从句, 后面既可以用陈述 语气, 也可用虚拟语气, 但是even if / though 引导的从句不用将来时。如: Even if it rains tomorrow, we will leave for Beijing.,用if, as if, even if 填空。 (1) _ I had money, I wouldnt buy it. (2) _ I had money, I would buy it. (3) It looks _ it is going to rain. (even if 引导让步状语从句; if 引导条件 状语从句; as if/though “似乎是” 引导方式状语从句),Even if,If,as if,注意: (1) even if (= even though): in spite of the fact; no matter whether 即使; 尽管 是连词词组, 用来引导让步状语从句; 若主、 从句皆表示将来情况, 从句中可用一般现在 时代替将来时。 (2) even if 从句所说的不那么肯定。 even though 从句是事实。 e.g. Even if he is poor, she loves him. (=He may be poor, yet she loves him.) (Even) though he is poor, she loves him. (= He is poor, yet she loves him.), A child came up to me and showed me the way to the station. The sun comes up in the east. New shoots of bamboo will come up from around the roots of the old ones. Your question came up at the meeting. come about 出现；发生,6. come up 上来, 走近; 发芽; 被提出; 升起,走近, 上来,升起,被提出,come across 偶然遇到或找到 come around 恢复; 还原; 改变某人的 意见或立场 come down 传承; 按习惯通过或处理 come out 成为众所周知; 发行或发表; 结果; 自己公开宣布 come over 过来; 偶然拜访 come up with 提出;宣布或发现 The doctor came up with a cure for the disease.,7. So why has English changed over time? 那么, 英语在一段时间里为什么会起变化呢？ over 贯穿, 经过 (一段时间) e.g.经过这些年, 他变得更有耐心。 Over the years, he has become more patient. 周末她会来杭州。 She will come to Hangzhou over the weekend. 圣诞节时你在家吗？ Will you stay at home over Christmas? over 超过(=more than), 再三 (again) over 2 minutes over and over,8. It was based more on German than the English we speak at present. 当时的英语更多的是以德语为基础的, 而现代英语不是。 1) base v. 意为“以为根据, 把基础设在”, 常构成短语 base sth. on/upon sth。如：,This novel is based on fact. 这部小说是以事实为根据的。 The paper had intended to base itself in London. This film is based on a novel by D. H. Lawrence. 拓展 base还可用作名词, 意为“底部, 基地, 基础”等。如:,There is a door at the base of the tower. How many military bases are they maintaining on foreign soil? Many languages have Latin as their base. 掌握base构成的两个短语： be off base 完全错误, 大错特错 touch base (with) sb (跟某人) 联系上, 逗留,2) morethan 是而不是; 与其说不如说; 中间接相同 成分。 He is more a friend than a teacher. He is more lazy than stupid. 扩展: more than 不仅仅; 多于; 十分 e.g. He is more than a teacher in our school. He made more than ten friends in this club. She is more than beautiful. rather than 而不是; less than少于； other than 除之外,3) present,adj. 当前的, 现在的 (作前置定语) Did you see the present national leaders? Can you tell us something about the present situation? 出席的, 在场的 (作表语或后置定语) Our teacher was present at the meeting. All the people present agree to my plan.,n. 目前, 现在; 礼物 I cant spare time because I am busy at present. What present did you receive from your parents? at present: now; at this time/moment Shes busy at present and cant speak to you. 她现在很忙, 不能跟你谈话。 At present he is a professor of mathematics at Cambridge. 目前他是剑桥大学的数学教授。,vt. 赠与，给， 提出 present sb. with sth. 或present sth. to sb. 把交给, 颁发, 授予 如: Mother presented a gift to me just now. On his birthday, his friends presented him with a series of readers/presented a series of readers to him. (送给他一套读者),9. Shakespeare made use of a wider vocabulary than ever before. 莎士比亚使用了比以往任何时候更为 广泛的词汇量。 make use of 利用, 使用 make good/full use of 充分使用 make no use of sth. 没有利用 We could make good use of our resources. 我们应该充分利用好我们的资源。 Every minute should be made good use of. 每一分钟都应该很好地利用。,She makes use of people she meets as heroes for her novel. We should make good use of time to study. 拓展 make构成的常见短语: make of、 make from 通常用于被动语态, 构成be made of、be made from 都 表示“由制成”。,其中be made of 表示在产品中能够看出 原材料; be made from 表示在产品中 看不出原材料。 make up 编写, 编造；和解 make up of 由组成/构成； make up for 弥补, 补偿 make out 理解, 弄懂; 看清, (勉强) 辨认出; 假装, 装成 make into 制成 make it 成功, 办成; 及时赶到,10. the number of/ a number of the number of “的数目”, 接可数 名词复数, 其后谓语动词用单数。 The number of undergraduates has increased over the years. a number of 许多, 大量 (后接复数名词), 其后谓语动词用复数。 (a great number of/a large number of/ a small number of ) A number of teachers agree with me.,The number of people invited _ fifty, but a number of them _ absent for different reasons. A. were; was B. was; was C. was; were D. were; were,C,注意: 只能修饰可数名词的 a large/great/good number of, a good/great many, dozens of, scores of, quite a few,只能修饰不可数名词的： a great deal of, a large amount of, quite a little, a large sum of 既可修饰可数也可修饰不可数名词的： p