龙门五面体加工中心关键部件的动力学分析研究

广 东 工 业 大 学 硕 士 学 位 论 文（ 工 学 硕 士 ）龙门五面体加工中心关键部件的 动力学分析研究陈斯炮二九年十二月分类号：学校代号：11845UDC：密级：学号：2110601009广 东 工 业 大 学 硕 士 学 位 论 文（ 工 学 硕 士 ）龙门五面体加工中心关键部件的 动力学分析研究陈斯炮指导教师姓名、职称： 李锻能 教授 企业导师姓名、职称： 无 专业 或 领域 名 称： 机械制造及其自动化 学 生 所 属 学 院 ： 机电工程学院 论 文 答 辩 日 期 ： 二零零九年十二月 A Dissertation Submitted to Guangdong University ofTechnology for the Degree of Master of Engineering ScienceResearch on Dynamics Analysis of the Key Parts of the Gantry Type Pentahedral Machining CenterMaster Candidate：Chen SipaoSupervisor：Prof. Li DuannengDecember 2009Mechanical Manufact uring & AutomationGuangdong Universit y of TechnologyGuangzhou，Guangdong，P.R. China，510006摘要摘 要高速度、高精度、高效率和高刚度已成为当今数控机床发展的主要方向，普 通龙门机床一般只能进行单面加工，当加工零件的另一个表面时，需要加装一个 直角转换头或者调转零件的加工面后重新装夹，这不但增加了机床操作者的劳动 强度，影响加工效率，并且重新定位装夹也降低了零件的加工精度，为了弥补这 些不足，龙门五面体加工中心便应运而生。五面体加工中心一次装夹就能实现工 件五个表面的加工，这大大提高了零件的加工精度和加工效率，降低生产成本， 因此五面体加工中心成为当前数控机床行业重点研究的对象之一。五面体加工中心机械结构复杂，各结构部件刚度要求也很高。本文针对目前 国内五面体加工中心结构刚度设计的问题 ，以广州某数控机床公司开发生产的 VMC23250 型龙门五面体加工中心为研究对象，运用 SolidWorks 对机床主要零部 件进行三维建模和虚拟装配，运用动力学方法对其关键部件进行分析，通过分析 计算结果对机床的静动态性能进行评估，找出机床结构上的薄弱环节，进而对其 进行改进优化，最后对改进后的结构作分析对比，寻求改进后的设计方案。论文 的具体内容如下：1 基于机床动力学的分析理论，建立龙门五面 体加工中心关键部件的力学 模型，并对其进行受力计算，为后续的动力学分析提供合理的边界条件以及刚度 计算依据。2从龙门五面体加工中心的结构特点出发，在 SolidWorks 软件平台上对机 床结构进行建模和虚拟装配，并用有限元分析插件 COSMOSWorks 对机床的关键 部件进行力学特性分析，得出它们的受力情况、固有振动频率和振幅等情况。通 过对机床关键部件的静动刚度分析结果来评估机床结构的稳定性。3 针对机床横梁原结构存在的问题，本文创新 性提出了一种新型的横梁结 构拱型预紧结构，并开展设计研究，并对改进后的横梁作进一步分析，将分 析结果与原结构数据进行对比，得出改进后的横梁结构方案。通过上述内容的研究，可以发现，用动力学方法对龙门五面体加工中心的关I广东工业大学硕士学位论文键部件进行动态特性分析，能够尽早发现机床结构存在的问题，从而有针对性的进行改进。研究结果表明：改进后横梁结构的静动刚度都有了明显提高，基本满 足龙门五面体加工中心高刚度的设计要求，从而提高了机床的工作性能，这对缩 短我国与国际在五面体加工中心设计水平上的差距有一定现实意义。关键词：五面体机床；虚拟建模；动力学分析；横梁部件；预拱结构IIABSTRACTABSTRACTAt present, high speed, high precision, high efficiency and high rigidit y has become the main direction of developing NC machine. The common gantry machine only realize one side of processing part , it needs to load a converting joint or transfer processing surface of part and clamp it again when processing the other side of part, which lead to increase the labor intensity of worker, and decrease processing effici ency and precisi on, it is hard to meet the development of high speed machining. The gantry five-sided machini ng center is manufactured in order to make up the defici ency of common gantry machine, it can machine five side of part except the clamping side when a clamp, which improve processing precision and efficiency greatly, moreover, decrease processing cost, so the gantry five-sided machining center has become key study object in industry of NC machine at present .The gantry five-sided machini ng center has complicated struct ure, whose key parts need high stiffness, the internal level of manufacturing it is far lower than forei gn countries. In order to solve the problem of low stiffness that exist in domestic machining center, this paper take the gantry five-si ded machi ning center(VMC23250) produced from a NC machi ne company of Guangzhou as research object, using software of SolidWorks to three-dimensional modeling and virtual assembling with main part s, and anal yze the key parts with kinetics. According to the calculated stiffness and performance evaluation, finding the defici ency of the machine and opti mized and improve it, then analyze the improved struct ure further and in order to the optimu m result. The specific content as follows:1Based on the analyzed theory of kinet ics, analyzing theoret ical force of keyparts of machine, providing reasonabl e boundary conditions and basis for rigidit y calculation.2Based on the structure of gantry five-sided machi ning center, using softwareof SolidWorks to three-dimensional modeling and virtual assembling with machi ne, and using finite element analysi s software of COSMOSWorks to analyze mechanicalIII广东工业大学硕士学位论文properties of key parts, its deformation characteristics, natural vibration frequenc y and main vibration mode can be obtained. The stability of machine structur e summarized by eval uate the stat ic stiffness of machine.3Aiming at the problem of low stiffness of beam structure, this paper present anovel beam struct ure that is arched prel oading structure. Moreover, analyzing t he novel beam structure and compared with the previ ous one, then the optimal dynamic beam structure is obtained.According to the study of all above, dynamical anal yzing the gantry five-sided machining center with kinetics, then evaluating the key parts of machine and especially dynamic character istics of beam structure, finding the deficiency of machine and improving it . The results indicated that: the static and dynami c stiffness ofimprovedstructurehasincreasedobviously,whichissatisfiedwiththe requirement of high stiffness of gantry five-sided machining center, thus ensuring the processing precisi on, this is important to narrow the gap of level designing gantry five-sided machining center between our country and foreign countries.Keywords ：Pentahedral machi ne tool；Virtual modeling；Dynamic anal ysis；Beam parts；Arch preload struct ureIV目录目 录摘 要 . IABSTRACT . III 目 录 . V CONTENTS . VIII第一章 绪论 . 11.1 课题的研究背景和意义 . 11.2 国内外研究现状 . 31.2.1 龙门加工中心的发展概述 . 31.2.2 机床结构件的动力学研究 . 41.3 课题来源和研究对象 . 51.4 论文的主要内容和研究路线 . 7第二章 机床动力学分析理论 . 92.1 机床动力学分析的基本内容 . 92.2 有限元法的基本思想 . 102.2.1 有限元的概念. 102.2.2 有限元法的基本思路 . 112.2.3 有限元分析的一般步骤 . 112.3 机床结构的动力学分析理论 . 142.3.1 结构的动力方程 . 152.3.2 结构的固有频率和主振型 . 182.4 本章小结 . 19第三章 龙门五面体加工中心的虚拟建模 . 203.1 龙门五面体加工中心的结构特点 . 203.2 龙门五面体加工中心的建模思路 . 213.3 SolidWorks 建模功能介绍 . 223.4 机床主要零部件的建模 . 233.4.1 主轴箱 . 23V广东工业大学硕士学位论文3.4.2 横梁 . 233.4.3 立柱 . 243.4.4 其他零部件 . 253.5 机床虚拟样机的装配 . 263.6 本章小结 . 28第四章 龙门五面体机床关键部件动力学分析 . 294.1 机床横梁最大工作载荷的确定 . 294.1.1 机床横梁的受载简化 . 294.1.2 机床相关参数的确定 . 304.1.3 五面体机床横梁的受力分析 . 324.1.4 作用在横梁工作线上的载荷 . 354.2 COSMOSWorks 有限元分析 . 364.3 机床主轴箱静动态分析 . 374.3.1 主轴箱静力学分析 . 374.3.2 主轴箱动力学分析 . 384.4 机床横梁静动态分析 . 404.4.1 横梁静力学分析 . 404.4.2 横梁动力学分析 . 424.5 机床横梁部件静动态分析 . 444.5.1 横梁部件静力学分析 . 444.5.2 横梁部件动力学分析 . 454.6 本章小结 . 47第五章 机床横梁预拱结构的设计与分析 . 485.1 预拱结构的提出 . 485.2 预拱结构的技术方案 . 515.3 机床横梁预拱结构的研究 . 525.3.1 拱形横梁结构的设计 . 525.3.2 拱形横梁部件静动态分析 . 545.4 拱形预紧结构的应用 . 错误！未定义书签。5.5 本章小结 . 67VI目录总结与展望 . 68参考文献 . 70 攻读学位期间发表的论文 . 74 独创性声明 . 75致谢 . 76VII广东工业大学硕士学位论文CONTENTSABSTRACT(Chinese) . I ABSTRACT(Enghlish) . III CONTENTS(Chinese) . V CONTENTS(Enghlish) . VIII Chapter1Introduction . 11.1 Background and Signification . 11.2 Development and dynamics of gantry machine . 31.2.1 Development of gantry machine . 31.2.2 Dynamics of structure parts of gantry machine . 41.3 Source of project and research objectives . 51.4 Research content s and methods of objectives . 7Chapter2Basic theory of dynamics of machine . 92.1 Contents and met hods of dynamics analyzing . 92.2 Finite element . 102.2.1 Theory of finite element . 102.2.2 Basic way of finite element analyzi ng . 112.2.3 Steps of finite element analyzing . 112.3 Dynamics analyzing of structure of machine . 142.3.1 Equation of dynamics of structure . 152.3.2 Natural vibration frequency and main vibration mode . 182.4 Summary . 19Chapter3Virtual modeling of gantry five-sided machining center . 203.1 Structure of gantry five-sided machini ng center . 203.2 Modeli ng method of gantry five-sided machining center . 213.3 The function of Solidworks Modeling . 223.4 Modeli ng with main parts . 233.4.1 Spindle box . 23VIIICONTENTS3.4.2 Beam . 233.4.3 Column . 243.4.4 The other parts . 253.5 Assembling with vitual machine . 263.6 Summary . 28Chapter4Dynamics analysis of key parts . 294.1 Eval uating the maxi mum working load of machi ne beam. 294.1.1 Load determination of machine beam . 294.1.2 Relevant parameters of machine beam. 304.1.3 Load analysi s of gantry gantry five-si ded machining cente machine . 324.1.4 The total load on beams . 354.2 FEA analysis of COSMOSWorks . 364.3 The analysis of spindle box . 374.3.1 Stati cs anal ysis of spindle box . 374.3.2 Dynamics analysis of spindle box . 384.4 The analysis of spindle beam . 404.4.1 Stati cs anal ysis of spindle beam . 404.4.2 Dynamics analysis of spindle beam . 424.5 The analysis of spindle beam parts . 444.5.1 Stati cs anal ysis of beam parts . 444.5.2 Dynamics analysis of beam parts . 454.6 Summary . 47Chapter5Pre-beam machine arch structure design and analysis . 485.1 The ideas of arched prel oadi ng structure . 485.2 The technical Program of arched preloading structure . 515.3 Machi ne pre-beam analysis of arch structure . 525.3.1 Arched beam structure design . 525.3.2 Arch beam anal ysis of stat ic and dynamic components . 545.4 Application of pr e-arch structure . 错误！未定义书签。5.5 Summary . 67IX广东工业大学硕士学位论文Conclusions and prospects . 68Referenc