改错历年考点分析和技巧指导.ppt

用来命题的短文内容与学生的学习生活非常贴近，好像就是学生的习作。 长度均在100词左右。 这些材料都是记叙文。 新课标卷的设题通常是：1处多1个词，1处少1个词，8处错1个词。, 需要添加或删除的词通常是冠词、介词、连词、不定式符号、助动词、物主代词等。 需要变形的词通常是名词、动词、形容词、副词。 所有考点都是最基本的语法知识、最常用的单词和短语的意义与用法，以及逻辑意义的连贯。没有超出中学课本中讲的语法内容。即只要掌握课本中讲的语法就足以应对考试了。,短文改错与语法填空的异同： 相同：主要考点基本相同。如： 名词、代词、冠词、介词、连词。 时态一致、主谓一致、非谓语动词、词类用法、比较等级。 以上两个方面分别对应语法填空的纯空格题和给词题。,相异：不相同的有两点。 十分常用的词的用法辨析。 不便归纳的其他项目。,从上表可以看出，短文改错的考点与语法填空的考点除“辨析”与“其他”外，是相同的。原来语法填空15分不变，现在又增加主要考查语法的短文改错15分(其中，12分到13.5分是语法)，毫无疑问，语法比以往重要多了。,值得注意的是，我们既不要淡化语法，因为没有语法就没有准确的英语；也不要深化语法，深化了就会步入语言学习的误区，使本来生动活泼的语言变得枯燥乏味，失去学习语言的兴趣。对此，命题人对语法的把握是适度的，只考最基本的语法，只考最常用词汇的用法，大多数在初中和小学就已学过了，只要经常阅读，增强语法意识，都是些无师自通的内容。,备考策略：在平时的写作练习中，养成跟同桌或同学互改的习惯；老师批改后的作文要认真思考：错了哪些，为什么老师这样批改。 备考内容：主要从以下十个方面入手。,考点1：名词的数与格 在several, few, many, one of, a couple of, three, one and a half, a large number of, scores of, dozens of等词语后，或虽没有这些词但语境提示我们，本应接复数可数名词的，但文中却用了单数。如： For example, we can do reading for one and a half hour and(hour hours)2014课标II, 像advice, fun, homework, information, news, progress, equipment, furniture, baggage, luggage, jewellery, clothing等不可数名词是没有复数形式的，但在文中却用了复数。如： It felt very strange to travel without any luggages. (luggages luggage)2011课标, 本应用名词的所有格的，但文中没有用。如： When I finally arrived at my friend he lent me lots of clothes. (my friend my friends)2011课标,考点2：指代一致 上下文的人称不一致。如： Thank you very much for showing them around your city and providing us with the wonderful meals. (them us) 2011大纲, 上下文的单复数不一致。如： both of them have similar ideas Otherwise, it is impossible for him to help each other and to make their friendship last long. (him them)2014大纲, 上下文的性别不一致。如： Before her leaving, I prepared a gift to show my best wishes to him. She said (him her) 2010大纲 人称代词格的误用。如： Li Mings parents invited I to spend two wonderful weeks in Qingdao with them (I me)2007课标, 人称代词、反身代词、疑问代词等的错用。如： He had a deep voice, which set himself apart from others (从句主语which是指the voice, 这种声音使“他”与别人分离, 故改himself为him)2013课标I,考点3：冠词 基本用法：单数可数名词前，表示“一个/段/座/本”等时要用a或an；表示特指时用the。如： In other words, we would be separated for long time. (long time a long time)2010大纲,Many countries in the world find they dont have enough water. To deal with a problem, I think, we should (a the，特指上文提到缺少“这个”问题)2012大纲 So when I have the problem, I will turn to her for help. (the a) 2013大纲, 固定短语中多用或少用冠词。如： In a fact, he even scared my classmates away (In a fact In fact)2013课标I As result, the plants are growing everywhere. (As result As a result) 2014课标,考点4：介词 常用介词的错用。如： Therefore, we have more time with after-school activities. (time for sth.做某事的时间) 2014课标II, 固定词组中的介词误用。如： and with the help by our father, my sister and I planted some cherry tomatoes (with the help of在的帮助下) 2014课标I, 固定词组中的介词漏用。如： We can lie on the grass for a rest, or sit by the lake listening music. (listen to听) 2014课标II,考点5：连词 although/though/while不与but连用；since /as/because不与so连用。如： Although we allow tomato plants to grow in the same place year after year, but we have never had any disease (去掉but或改为yet)2014课标I, and与but用混。这是考得最多的微考点。如： The more friends we have, the more we can learn from one another, but the more pleasure we can share together. ( but and，前后没有转折关系) 2014大纲, and与or。 All I had to do was to write a story or present it. (or and)2010大纲 Whats more, we can go to work by bike once and twice a week (and or)2012大纲, so与or。 We were warned not to cheat again so she would need to see our parents. (so因此or否则) 2013四川, after与before。 Before waiting for about half an hour, I was beginning to get impatient. (Before After逻辑)2013陕西 which与what。 That is which other teachers say. (which what所的) 2013辽宁, 多用或少用连词。如： With little sleep and hardly any break, so he works from morning till night. (去掉so)2013辽宁 So if they had said was true, I would have a chance of winning the prize. (if后加what)2010大纲, 错用that引导非限制性定语从句。如： Having tea in the late afternoon provides a bridge between lunch and dinner, that might not be served until 8 oclock at night. (that which)2013课标II,考点6：时态一致 上下文的谓语动词都是过去时，突然出现一个现在时。如： She used to hold me I was only four when she passes away. (passes passed) 2013课标I, 上下文的谓语动词都是过去时，突然出现一个现在时。如： Since then, we had been allowing tomatoes to self-seed where they please. As a result, the plants are growing everywhere. (had has) 2014课标I,此外，无论是谓语动词还是非谓语动词，都要注意在平行结构中，动词形式的一致性，即“平行一致”。如在A and B或A, B and C中，A, B, C的形式要一致。如： both of them have similar ideas and trusting each other (trusting trust)2014大纲,考点7：主谓一致 行为动词：主语是第三人称单数时，行为动词的一般现在时，其后加s。可记作：一般现在时，三单加s。主语不是第三人称单数时，一般现在时用原形，过去时一般加ed。如： My dream school look like a big garden. ( look looks，主语是My dream school) 2014课标II, have动词：主语是第三人称单数时，have的现在时(一般现在时，现在完成时，现在完成进行时)用has。主语不是第三人称单数时，现在时用have，过去时用had。 Li Ming, together with his parents, have gone abroad. (have has，主语是Li Ming，注意：with sb.或together with sb.等介词短语是不能作主语的), be动词：主语是第三人称单数时，be的现在时(一般现在时，现在进行时)用is，过去时(一般过去时，过去进行时)用was。主语是I，用am或was；主语是you或复数，用are或were。如： the only clothes I had was those I had on. (was were，主语是the only clothes)2011课标,考点8：非谓语动词 一般说来，句中已有谓语动词，再出现动词，其前面又没有并列连词时，该动词应为非谓语动词。我们应根据该非谓语动词在句中所作句子成分，以及它与逻辑主语的关系，来确定用具体的形式。, 作主语或宾语不能用动词原形，通常改为ing形式或不定式。因在短文改错中，只能改一个词，如果主语是原形，就只能改为ing形式了。如： Have tea in the late afternoon provides a bridge between lunch and dinner (Have Having)2013课标II, 熟记其后只能接ing或只能接to do作宾语的动词。如： Last year, she decided study abroad. (study to study，因decide to do sth.)2010大纲, 介词后要用动词的ing形式。注意区分to是介词还是不定式符号。如： He isnt good at talk but he gets on well with other people. (talk talking，在介词at后) 2013大纲 I look forward to see her again in the near future. (see seeing，在介词to后)2010大纲, 一些固定短语或句式中的非谓语动词形式。如： She used to holding me on her knees (holding hold，因used to do sth.) 2013课标I Well, I had better to stop now. (to stop stop，因had better do sth.)2009课标 make their friendship to last long. (to last last，因make sb. do sth.)2014大纲, 根据非谓语动词与其逻辑主语的关系 来确定用-ing形式还是用-ed形式。如： We sat by the fire, have our barbecue. (have having，因we与have是主动关系)2014陕西 Felt hungry, we built a fire by the lake (Felt Feeling，因we与feel是主动关系)2013陕西, 别混淆谓语动词与非谓语动词。如： but I tried hard to do it. Suddenly, Mary, my best friend, asking me to let her copy my answers. (去掉同位语my best friend, 显然，主语是Mary, 谓语是ask, 由前句谓语动词的时态可知, 用一般过去时, 故改asking为asked)2013四川,考点9：词类的用法 作定语、表语、补语, 用形容词但短文中却用了副词或名词。如： We are growing wonderfully tomatoes at no cost! (wonderfully wonderful，作tomatoes的定语)2014课标I,The fruits are small in size, but juicy and taste. (taste tasty，作表语)2014课标I I found the test difficulty, but I tried hard to do it. (difficulty difficult作补语) 2013四川, 作状语，修饰动词、形容词、全句，用副词但短文中却用了形容词。如： Interesting, it had a connection with the British porcelain(瓷器) industry. (Interesting Interestingly，修饰全句) 2013课标II It was real a nice experience. (real really，修饰动词was)2011大纲II, 作主语、宾语, 用名词但短文中却用了形容词、动词等。如： He has ruined his healthy. (healthy health，作ruined的宾语) 2013辽宁 This made for the grow in the porcelain industry. (grow growth，作介词for的宾语)2013课标II, -ed与-ing形容词的用法区别：-ing令人的(多为事)；-ed (人)感到的。如： I am awfully tiring (tiring tired，因我感到累)2013浙江 My friend Nick told me a story about his experience back in the US, which was very interested. (interested interesting，指他的故事是“令人有趣的”)2010课标,考点10：常用词辨析 只考here与there, some与any, ago与before, many与much, very much与very或much, beside与besides, ever与never, either与neither, used to do sth.与be used to (doing) sth.等十分常见的词语之间的辨析。千万别遇到近义词就辨析，步入复习的岐途。如：,Nearly five years before, my sister and I planted some cherry tomatoes (before ago，相对说话时多久以前, 用ago；相对过去的某个时间或动作在多久之前才用before)2014课标I We dont need to do so many homework. (many much，修饰不可数名词homework, 用much) 2014课标II,The fruits are smallThere are so much that we often share them with our neighbors. (much many，替代可数名词fruits, 用many) 2014 课标I Beside, Cleo tends to bark an average of six hours a day. (Beside Besides，因beside是介词, 意为“在的旁边”；而besides作介词时，意为“除之外”，作副词, 意为“此外, 而且”。注意，凡是介词，其后一定有宾语。而此处没有 宾语，一定是用副词) 2014辽宁,凡是用一两句话辨别不清的，或者说老师也要查资料才能弄清楚的，甚至去年查过资料，今年又得查资料才讲得清楚的那些所谓的同义词或近义词之间的辨析，是绝对不会考的。万万不可在这里浪费时间，用