比较严复三原则与泰特勒三点的不同.ppt

1,Contrasts Between Three Principles of Yanfu and Those of Tytler,2,Tytlers translation theory,Tytler (1747-1813)was a Scottish advocate, judge, writer and historian who served as Professor of Universal History, and Greek and Roman Antiquities in the university of Edinburgh. His work Essay on the Principles of Translation, like all of his work, is bland, inoffensive, unoriginal, but extremely accessible, and is often cited as the last expression of the Enlightenment spirit in the theory of translation.,3,Tytlers translation theory,Essay on the Principles of Translation, is the most important work of Tytler, in which he puts forward three principles of translation, which is first introduced in China in the period of May the Fourth New Culture Movement by Zheng Zhenduo. In the book of Three Issues on Translating Literary Works (译文学书的三个问题）, the second question is about the method of translation, in this paper he introduces Tytlers work Essay on the Principles of Translation and his three principles of translation to Chinese translators systematically.,4,Tytlers translation theory,（I）That the translation should give a complete transcript of the ideas of the original work. （2）That the style and manner of writing in a translation should be of the same character with that of the original. （3）That the translation should have all the ease of original composition. （1）译作应该完全复写出原作的思想； （2） 译作的风格和手法应和原作属于同一性质； （3）译作应具备原作所具有的通顺。,5,the advantages,1.The most influential concept in the western translation theory is word/meaning dichotomy, which could not be solved in the traditional translation theory. However, Tytler spares his effort to avoid this word/meaning dichotomy, and not to use the term, like literal translation and free translation, which could cause controversy. 2.He clarifies and deepens the metaphor cognition“the translator is a painter“. He advocates that the translator should use his own writing style, not just imitate the authors one.,6,the disadvantages,1.His translation theories are just on the basis of his own translation practices and his observations. Essay on the Principles of Translation contains many translation skills, like adding, deleting, revising and polishing. 2.His three principles of translation is not original. Before Tytler, George Campbell, a British translation theorist has already put forward three principles of translation.The first principle that the translation should give a complete transcript of the ideas of the original work, which is similar with Campbells first principle “replicate the original thoughts clearly“. Moreover, Tytler quotes too many theories from other theorists.,7,Yan Fus translation theory,Yan Fu, his courtesy name is Ji Dao, he is a Chinese scholar and translator, most famous for introducing western ideas, including Darwins natural selection, to China in the late 19th century. Yan Fu studies at the Fujian Arsenal Academy (福州船政学堂) in Fuzhou, Fujian Province. In 18771879 he studies at the Navy Academy in Greenwich, England. During this time, he begins to receive capitalist ideology. Upon his return to China, he teaches at the Fujian Arsenal Academy and then Beiyang Naval Officers School (北洋水师学堂) at Tianjin.,8,Yan Fus translation works,After China loses its First Sino-Japanese War, Yan Fu becomes famous. He is celebrated for his translation works, including Thomas Huxleys Evolution and Ethics, Adam Smiths Wealth of Nations, John Stuart Mills On Liberty and Herbert Spencers Study of Sociology.,9,Yan Fus translation theory,In the translation of Thomas Huxleys Evolution and Ethics, he puts forward the most famous translation theory in modern China, that is three principles of translation, which are fidelity, expressiveness and elegance.Yan fus translation theory could be seen in the translation of Buddhist scriptures into Chinese, he cites Confucian classic book The Book of Changes易经and words of Confucius as his argument. So, we may clearly see that Chinas translation theories are rooted in Chinese traditional culture.,10,fidelity:This word is not only faithful to the original content, but also to the language structure of the original. However, translator should not pursue fidelity unconditionally, and the degree of fidelity depends on the purposes of translation, understandings of the original, and readers. expressiveness:This word refers to not only fluency, but also the content, the spirit and the style of the original text that should be fully expressed in the translated one, which could ensure readers understandings of the original meaning of the original text. elegance: He advocates the uses of words/sentences before the Han Dynasty to achieve the effects of elegance.,11,As the principle of elegance, Yan Fu advocates the uses of words/sentences before the Han Dynasty, to pursue the effect of elegance. He says that the uses of words/sentences before the Han Dynasty is easy to help achieve expressiveness, while the uses of vernacular language is hard to achieve expressiveness. (用汉以前字法句法，则为达易;用近世利俗文字,则求达难）However, we should bear two points in mind. 1.Targeted translation: Vernacular language is not suitable to express “jingliweiyan“(精理微言）of western social science. 2.Targeted readers: Yan Fus translated works are mostly read by Chinese scholar-bureaucrats.,the principle of elegance,12,the sameness,1.The fidelity in Yan Fus translation theory is similar with the first principle of Tytlers translation theory“Translation should give a complete transcript of the ideas of the original work“,in other words, both of them emphasize that translated text should be faithful to original one. 2.The expressiveness in Yan Fus translation theory is similar with the third principle of Tytlers translation theory“ Translation should have all the ease of original composition“, in other words, both of them emphasize the fluency of translated text.,13,the differences,1.There is a level difference between three principles of Yanfu and those of Tytler, Yan Fus three principles focus on fidelity, in another word, Yan Fus fidelity, expressiveness and elegance are carried out around fidelity, and the latter terms serve for the former one. While Tytlers three principles are parallelled, which emphasize the translated text should be faithful to original one from three dimensions that are content, style and fluency.,14,2.Yan Fus elegance differs from the second principle of Tytler. Yan Fu advocates the uses of words/sentences before the Han Dynasty, to pursue the effect of quaint elegance. He use ancient word in the translation of western science works into Chinese, the style of original text is totally different from the translated one. So there is no relation between elegance and original text. While the second principle of Tytler“ the style and manner of writing in a translation should be of the same character with that of the original“, which put original text and its author as the central point.,15,3.Traditional Chinese culture has a deep influence on Chinese translation theory, that is, Chinese translators are not willing to make general theories in separate books, Yan Fu puts forward his three principles in his translated work. While western translators are good at making general theories, they often write a book to express their translation views, which are logic and systematic.,16,4.Three principles of Yan Fu and those of Tytler have different values. Yan Fu puts forward three principles, which are used to express translation is a hard work. His three principles just concern practice, not theory. While Tytler puts forward fidelity from three dimensions, and expresses it step by step, which shows western translation theory is logic and systematic.,17,the reasons of difference,