语法复习：情态动词课件.ppt

Revision of Module 3 Welcome to my class! chulifang,情态动词(modal verb),1） 情态动词 除ought 和have 外，后面只能接不带to 的不定式。,2） 情态动词没有人称，数的变化，即情态动词第三人称单数不加-s/ed/ing。,3） 情态动词没有非谓语形式，即没有不定式，分词，动名词等形式。,情态动词的语法特征,情态动词,表示推测,不表示推测,can could may might shall should must will would ought to,have to dare (darent) need (neednt) used to,I darent ask her for a rise. 我不敢请求她加薪. How did you dare to tell her that? I wonder whether he dare stand up in public. I dont know how she dares to wear that dress. Do you need any help? I wonder whether he need send it immediately. I need hardly tell you that the work is dangerous. The garden doesnt need watering at the moment. You neednt finish that work today.,可兼做行为动词的情态动词：need 、 dare,情态动词 (+动词原形),行为动词,.,need,dare,1.无人称和数的变化;,2.尤其用于：,*否定句及疑问句中;,*在if/whether之后;,*或与hardly, never, no one, nobody连用;,3.常以neednt 和darent 的形式出现;,4.dare有其过去时dared.,多用于肯定句; (sb.) need to do dare to do (sth.) need to be done (sth.) need doing,判断正误:,How dare you say such a thing? How dare you to say such a thing?,He darent to speak English before such a crowd, did he? He darent speak English before such a crowd, dare he?,Nobody need to be afraid of catching the disease. Nobody need be afraid of catching the disease.,These dishes need be cleaned carefully. These dishes need to be cleaned carefully. These dishes need cleaning carefully.,注意对need问句的回答: -Need I finish the work today? -Yes, _. No, _. No, _.,you must,you neednt,you dont have to,neednt 对其它情态动词的回答: -Shall I tell John about it? -No, you _. -Must we do it now? -No, you _.,neednt (dont have to),neednt (dont have to),表示推测情态动词的重要用法.,1. You must be Mr Smith-I was told to expect you here. 2. He must have known what we wanted. 3. We may have read the same report. 4. He cant have slept through all that noise. 5. Theres someone outside-who can it be? 6. What can they be doing? 7. These pills might help to cure your disease. 8. You could be right, I suppose.,表示推测情态动词的重要用法.,肯定的推测 可能的推测 否定的推测 疑问的推测,must/should,对将来 对现在 对过去,情态动词,may, might,cant, couldnt,can, could,+ V. + V. + have done 常见must be + be doing,+ V. + V. + have done + be doing 可以用not表示“可能不”,+V. + V. + have done + be doing,+ V. + V. + have done + be doing,1. I dont know where she is, she _ be in Wuhan. 2. At this moment, our teacher _ our exam papers. 这时，我们老师想必在批改试卷。 3. The road is wet. It _ last night. (rain) 4. Your mother _ for you. 你妈妈一定一直在找你。,may,must be marking,must have rained,must have been looking,5. Philip _ seriously in the car accident. 菲利普可能在车祸中受了重伤. 6. -Linda has gone to work, but her bicycle is still here. -She _ (go) by bus. 7. Mike _ his car, for he came to work by bus this morning. 迈克一定还没有找回他的车，因为早上他是坐 公共汽车来上班的。,may (might) have been hurt,may (might) have gone,cant have found,高考考题: 1. I thought you _like something to read, so I have brought you some books. A. may B. might C. would D. must 2. Where is my pen? I _it. A. might lose B. would have lost C. should have lost D. must have lost 3. I didnt hear the phone. I _asleep A. must be B. must have been C. should be D. should have been,B,D,B,4. -There were already five people in the car, but they managed to take me as well. -It _a comfortable journey A. cant be B. shouldnt be C. mustnt have been D. couldnt have been 5. Its nearly seven oclock . Jack _be here at any moment. A. must B. need C. should D. could,D,C,在不表示推测的情态动词中, 我们要注意以下考点:,1. 表示能力、许可的情态动词的用法。 2. 表示否定的情态动词的用法。 3. shall 和 will 的多种意义的区别。 4. 情态动词短语的使用。 5. 虚拟语气中情态动词的使用。,1.can表示能力 I can speak English while he cant . 2.表示允许 Can I sit here? 3.表示可能性 This cant be true. What can it mean? They cant have been to Africa.,may1）表示允许，征求别人意见 -May I come in?-Yes,please. 2)表示判断和猜测 He may come,but I am not sure. This may be true or may not be true. might语气婉转，或不是很肯定的猜测 Dont throw the empty bottle out of the window.You might hurt someone.,1）must表示“必须” You must finish your homework at once. You mustnt play with fire. You mustnt play football on the road. 2)表示猜测，语气很肯定 She must be hungry. He looked worried.He must have lost his way. Its so wet on the ground that it must have rained heavily last night,_?,didnt it,Can, could & be able to 的区别,Well be able to finish the work soon.,1.can只用于现在式和过去式(could)。be able to可以用于各种时态。,2.Can的主语是人或物,be able to的主语是人,She can/be able to sing the song in English.,3.表示特定的某一过去能力或表示成功地做了某事时，只能用was/were able to， 不能用could。,Although the soldier was badly wounded, he was able to tell what had happened.,I havent been able to see the film.,The computer can make you feel comfortable.,She ran fast but she couldnt/ wasnt able to catch the bus.,could+have+过去分词 表示对 1、过去某种情况进行推测 2、对已发生的动作或存在的状态进行推测,Linda didnt catch the train. She could have caught it. Dont worry.,1. Peter _ come with us tonight, but he isnt very sure. A. must B. can C. may D. will,C,2. - Could I call you by your first name? - Yes, you_. A. will B. could C. can D. might,C,3. Sorry, I m late. I _ have turned off the alarm clock and gone back to sleep again this morning. A. must B. should C. can D. will,A,will & would 常表示 promise意愿，意志, agreement同意, past habit, custom过去的习惯, request要求,判断下列句子中的can, could是属于哪种情况。 We will come here at ten.,agreement, promise,He would sleep very late .,past habit, custom,Would you like to have dinner with me together?,request,will 和 would,If you will help me with my English, I will be very happy. I promised that I would do my best.,1.will和would表示意愿、意志，可用于各种人称,Will you tell him the news as soon as he comes back? Would you please speak again more slowly？,2.在疑问句中,will用于第二人称,表示请求或征求意见,would则语气更委婉,-Would you change this basket for another ? It _ hold water. - OK. Im really sorry. wont B. cant C. didnt D. doesnt 表示功能,A,should: prediction预测(应该、很可能), advice建议，劝告，,Shall & should,Nothing shall stop me doing it. You shall fail if you dont work harder.,决心、意愿、意志,警告，命令，威胁,shall ：agreement同意, promise允诺 决心、意愿、意志 或警告，命令，威胁 （常用于第二第三人称 ）,在疑问句中, 用来表示请求或征求意见。 （常用于一、三人称）,Shall I open the window for you？,shall：,（征求意见）,You should/ought to have told her the truth earlier. She shouldnt have left without saying a word.,should/ought to have done表示责备或批评,意为“本应该但”; ought to的语气更强烈,用于否定则表示“本不该但”,情态动词的否定式,cant:不能；不可能 may not:可能不 mustnt:不准；不许；禁止 neednt:不必 darent:不敢 wont:不愿意，就是不 shant:决不 shouldnt:不该,1.-Excuse me, but I want to use your computer to type a report. -You _ have my computer if you dont take care of it. A. shant B. might not C. neednt D. shouldnt,A,2. -When can I come for the photos ? I need them tomorrow afternoon. -They _be ready by 12 : 00 . A. can B. should C. might D. need,B,3. With so much work on hand, you _to see the game last night. A. mustnt go B. could have gone C. shouldnt go D. shouldnt have gone,D,1. A computer _ think for itself; it must be told what to do. A. cant B. couldnt C. may not D. might not,2. The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone _ get out. A. had to B. would C. could D. was able to,A,D,3. They will _ run this machine on their own in three months. A. can B. could C. may D. be able to 4. That big cinema _ seat 2,000 people. A. can B. should C. ought to D. is able to,D,A,表示许可: may / might, can / could * might, could 比较委婉, 一般多用于疑问句. * can, may 表达的语言比较随便. * 在以could, might 表示征询对方意见 或表示请求时，回答应相应使用can, may.,5. Could I borrow your dictionary? Yes, of course you _. A. might B. will C. can D. should 6. Might I watch TV after supper? Yes, you _. A. may B. must C. might D. can,C,A,2. 表示否定的情态动词的用法: 部分情态动词的否定式是情态动词中的考点 之一。,mustnt 不准, 禁止 neednt 没必要 ( = dont have to ) cant 不能; 不可能 may not 不可以; 可能不 shouldnt 不应该 ( = ought not to ),7. You _ return the book now. You can keep it till next week if you like. A. cant B. mustnt C. neednt D. may not 8. Johnny, you _ play with the knife, you _ hurt yourself. A. wont ; cant B. mustnt ; may C. shouldnt ; must D. cant ; shouldnt,C,B,9. -Will you stay for lunch? -Sorry, _. My brother is coming to see me. A. I mustnt B. I cant C. I neednt D. I wont 10. -May I pick a flower in the garden? - _. A. No, you neednt B. Not, please. C. No, you mustnt D. No, you wont,B,C,情态动词：shall, will 的多种意义:,shall / will+ 动词原形:,* shall 可表示必须、命令、 警告或征询意见.,* will 可表示意愿、常出现的动作、在疑问句 中表示请求和建议.,* 均可表示将来。 过去时为 should, would.,3.,11. He _ be punished if he disobeys. 如果他不服从, 就要受到惩罚. 12. We are not going to quarrel at all if you _ only let me speak. 只要你让我说话, 我们根本就不会吵架. 13. -Sir, _ he go or stay? -Let him go. A. will B. shall C. might D. could,shall,will,B,14. The door _ open. 这门经常打不开. 15. Ronald _ stay in his small garden for a long time every day in the past. A. could B. might C. should D. would 16. You _ have the book after I read it. 我看完以后一定把这本书给你.,wont,D,shall,4. 情态动词短语的使用:,would like to do would rather do would rather + 从句 would prefer to do. had better do.,改错: 1. Would you like having some tea? 2. Id prefer going to the lecture this evening. 3. Id rather you to go to the meeting. 4. He would rather to die than to give in. 5. Youd better to have your hair cut today.,Would you like to have some tea?,Id prefer to go to ., you went to .,He would rather die than give in.,Youd better have .,5. 用于虚拟语气的情态动词:,should might could would neednt ought to,情态动词考题:,1. Put on more clothes. You be feeling cold with only a shirt on. A. can B. could C. must D. would 2. “Must I drive to his house and pick up the children?“ “No, .“ A. you shouldnt B. you might not C. you neednt D. you mustnt,C,C,3. We didnt see Tom at the meeting yesterday. He it. A. mustnt have attended B. cannot have attended C. neednt have attended D. would have not attended 4. We play chess than bridge. Some of us dont know how to play bridge. A. had better B. would better C. would rather D. had rather,B,A,5. There is someone knocking at the door. it be Tom? A. can B. must C. should D. ought to 6. Two year ago, my husband bought me a bicycle. If you live in town, it is often faster than a car and you worry about parking. A. must not B. may not C. should not D. dont have to,A,D,1.-Is John coming by train? -He should, but he _ not. He likes driving his car. (2002高考题） A. must B. can C. need D. may 2.It has been announced that candidates(候选人) _ rem