高考英语一轮复习代词课件[1].ppt

代词 一.概念: 代词是代替名词的词, 按其意义、特征及其在句中的作用分为：人称代词、物主代词、指示代词、反身代词、相互代词、疑问代词、不定代词、连接代词和关系代词等。 二.相关知识点精讲 1.人称代词,人称代词有主格和宾格之分。通常主格作主语，宾格作宾语或表语。省略句、感叹句中用宾格。如： I like table tennis. （作主语） Do you know him?（作宾语） -Who is knocking at the door? -Its me. (作表语) Dear me! Goodness me! -Susan, go and join your sister cleaning the yard. -Why me? John is sitting there doing nothing.,（2）it的用法 用作人称代词，指代前文提到过的事物。 用来代替指示代词this或that。 指时间、距离、天气等。 指代整个句子的内容。 作形式主语。当动词不定式、动名词或从句作 主语时，通常把它放在谓语之后，而用it作句子的形式主语。,作形式宾语。当复合宾语中的宾语是不定式、 动名词、宾语从句时，往往把宾语放在它的补足语后 面,而用it作形式宾语，放在宾语补足语之前。 用于强调句型。 用于以下句型It is+一段时间+since从句； It is/will be+一段时间+before从句。 用于某些习语中作宾语，对这些习惯只能从整体 上理解。 I took it for granted that she would come on time. 我理所当然地认为她会按时到来。 If I can help it. I can manage it. make it.,当说话者不清楚或没有必要知道说话对象的性别时 , 也可用 it 来表示。如 : Its a lovely baby. Is it a boy or a girl? -Who is knocking at the door? - Its me.,2. 物主代词 1)表示所有关系的代词叫物主代词。物主代词分形容词性物主代词和名词性 物主代词，如下表所示。,2)形容词性物主代词的作用相当于形容词，可在句中作定语。例如： 3)名词性物主代词的作用相当于名词，在句中可用作主语、宾语和表语。 Our school is here, and _ is there. - Is this English-book _? - No. _ is in my bag. Ive already finished _ homework. Have you finished _?,3. 指示代词 指示代词包括：this，that，these，those。 1) this和these一般用来指在时间或空间上较近的事物或人，that和those 则指时间和空间上较远的事物或人，例如： This is a pen and that is a pencil We are busy these days In those days the workers had a hard time,2)有时that和those指前面讲到过的事物，this 和these则是指下面将要讲 到的事物，例如： I had a cold. _s why I didnt come. What I want to say is _; pronunciation is very important in learning English,3)有时为了避免重复提到的名词，常可用that或those代替，例如： The television sets made in Beijing are just as good as _ made in Shanghai 4)this 在电话用语中代表自己，that 则代表对方。例如： -Hello! This is Mary. Is that Jack speaking?,5) this和that还可表程度，作状语用，相当于so,意思是“这么”和“那么”。 The book is about this thick. I dont want that much.,4. 反身代词 英语中用来表示“我自己“，“你自己“，“他自己“，“我们自己“，“你们自己“ 等意义的代词称为反身代词，也有人称之为自身代名词，其形式如表所示。,反身代词可在句中作宾语、表语、同位语。 1)作宾语，表示动作的承受者就是动作的发出者，主语和宾语指同一个人或一些人。 He called himself a writer 2)作表语。 It doesnt matter. Ill be myself soon He is not quite himself today. 3)作同位语，表示亲自或本人。可放在名词、代词之后，也可置于句末。 I myself washed the clothes 或I washed the clothes myself.,enjoy oneself, feel/be oneself, make oneself at home, make oneself understood,help oneself to，come to oneself, bring sb. to oneself, behave oneself, dress oneself in, seat oneself for oneself为自己或独立地， by oneself独自地(=alone),反身代词的惯用语,5不定代词,some与any,一般用法：some、any可与单、复数可数名词及不可数名词连用。some一般用于肯定句，any多用于疑问、否定或条件句。 特殊用法：any用于肯定句表示“任何”的意思。 Any day is okay for me. some用于单数可数名词前表示“某一”。 Smith went to some place in England.（定语） 期待对方回答yes 时，some用在表示请求或邀请的问句中。 some和any在句中还可作状语，作副词。some意为“大约”相当于“about”,而any则表示程度，意为“稍，丝毫”。如： Would you like _ bananas? Mum,could you give me _ money? There are _ 300 workers on strike. Do you feel _ better today?,many和much few, little; a few, a little,few和little表示没有多少，含否定意义；而a few 和a little表示有一些，有几个，含肯定意义。另外，few、a few 修饰可数名词；little、a little修饰不可数名词。它们在句中常用作定语、主语和宾语。,each和every,1)each（各个），指两个或两个以上的人或物，侧重个体，在句中作主语、宾语、定语和同位语。every（每个），指三个或三个以上的人或物，侧重整体，在句中只能作定语。 Every student it our class has a dictionary.(定语，强调班上“所有的人”) Each student in our class has a dictionary.（定语，强调各个个体） Each of them has been there. The teacher gave each of the students a new textbook. We each got a ticket.,2)every还可表示“每,每隔”. every now and then every few/several days every other/second day=every two days,no one/nobody 1)泛指人,不接of, 谓语用单数 2) 一般回答who, anyone, anybody 引起 的疑问句。 none 特指(上文提到的)人或物,可与of 连用，谓语单复数均可。 nothing 1)泛指物,不接of,谓语用单数 2）回答anything的一般问句及 what引导的疑问句.,1._ likes a person with bad manners. 2.-Who is in the room?-_. 3.-Is there anyone (anybody) in the room? -_/_. 4. _of us have/has seen him. 5.Can you see anything in the box? -_.,No one (Nobody),No one (Nobody),No one,None,Nothing,Nobody,(6)such和so such+a/an+ adj + n, so +adj +a/an +n such +adj +n(pl或不可数名词) so +manymuchfewlittle +n(pl.n或不可数名词),在解答代词类题目时，我们应首先分析题干，明确代词所指代的对象，从而避免误判。具体说来，可从这几个方面考虑：代词指代的是人还是物。 代词指代的是可数名词还是不可数名词。 代词指代的是特指还是泛指概念。 代词指代的概念是表示两者之间还是三者或三者以上。代词所表示的是肯定还是否定概念。,三.巩固练习 1. Tom, Please pass _ the glasses. I want to read the newspapers. A. you B. me C. him D. her 2. The English novel is quite easy for you. There are _ new words in it. A. a little B. little C. a few D. few 3. -You want _ sandwich? -Yes, I usually eat a lot when Im hungry. A. other B. another C. others D. the other,4. The doctors and nurses are doing their best to fight SARS. They think more of others than _. A. they B. them C. themselves D. theirs 5. -Which do you prefer, a bottle of orange or a bottle of milk? -_, thanks. Id like a cup of tea. A. Either B. Neither C. Both D. None,6. -Oh! I came in a hurry and forgot to bring food. -Never mind. You can have _. A. us B. ours C. you D. yours 7. -Can I come this evening or tomorrow morning? -_ is OK. Im free today and tomorrow. A. Either B. Neither C. Both D. None,8. -How are you going to improve _ this term? -Work harder than last term. A. ourselves B. myself C. himself D. yourself 9. -Could you tell me _ she is looking for? -Her cousin, Susan. A. that B. whose C. who D. which,10. -Is _ here? -No. Li Lei and Han Mei have asked for leave. A. everybody B. somebody C. anybody D. nobody 11. Paul has _ friends except me, and sometimes he feels lonely. A. many B. some C. few D. more 12. If you want to book a round-trip ticket, youll have to pay _ $ 30. A. more B. other C. the other D. another,13. -Do you live by yourself, Mr Wang? -Yes. I have three sons. But _ of them lives with me. They are now studying in America? neither B. both C. none D. either 14. -H