新课标2020届高考英语一轮复习专题三阅读理解考点十九生态环保类.docx

考点十九生态环保类A限时10分钟Known as “wolf girl” at her West Warwick, RI school, Alyssa Grayson has spent much of her young life teaching others to protect and respect animals After starting a wolf club in the second grade, Alyssa learned all she could about her favorite animals Today, she gives presentations about protecting wolves at libraries and schoolsshes even spoken at a university In fact, shes become such a wolf expert that she was appointed as the first junior advisor to the National Wolfwatcher CoalitionWhen shes not teaching others about wolves, Alyssa can be found volunteering at her local animal shelter, taking care of dogs and cats Shes also trained as a citizen scientist for FrogWatch USA In short, Alyssa Grayson proves that you are never too young to make a difference for animalsWhen asked how she got interested in saving wolves, Alyssa says, “Ive loved wolves since I saw them in a movie when I was 2 or 3 years old Then one day I saw a commercial about wolf hunting I asked my mother why people do this, and she told me because people dont like wolves I decided from then on that I wanted to save wolves”Today, wolves are hunted, trapped, or poisoned Hunters chase wolves for miles in an airplane until the wolves are too exhausted to run anymore Then they shoot them The animal doesnt have a chance to escape Animals are also trapped for their fur They are left to suffer in a trap with no food, water, or shelter Alyssa thinks the fur looks better on the animal in the wild, where its meant to be, than on a humanAlyssa believes wolves are important to our worlds She says, “Wolves are an apex predator, which means they are at the top of the food chain Removing them from the ecosystem is a big mistake The ecosystem is like a chain of dominoes (多米诺骨牌)with the apex predator as the one in front If you were to knock down that domino, the rest of the chain would go down too”People usually think of “the Big Bad Wolf” when they hear about wolves However, Alyssa says, “If they would base their thoughts on facts, not fairy tales, we wouldnt have people wanting to kill wolves”1Alyssa is known as “wolf girl” at her school because _Ashe keeps wolves as petsBshe was raised by wolvesCshe does a lot to protect wolvesDshe started a wolf club at her school答案：C细节理解题。根据文章首句中的“has spent to protect and respect animals”以及下文所述她喜欢狼并呼吁大家保护狼这一物种可知，阿莉莎在学校中被称为“狼女”，是因为她用她的青春教会了其他人保护和尊重狼。故选C。2According to the first two paragraphs, Alyssa _Agained knowledge about wolves at librariesBcares about other animals besides wolvesCstarted to give presentations since the second gradeDis the first junior citizen scientist for FrogWatch USA答案：B细节理解题。根据文章第二段描述可知，她除了关心狼之外，还照顾其他的动物，如猫和狗。故选B。3Paragraph 4 is mainly about _Awhy wolves are killedBwhy wolves are trappedCthe tools used to hunt wolvesDhow wolves are treated答案：D段落大意题。文章第四段主要讲述了狼被猎杀、被围困或被毒亡的事实。人们为了它们的皮毛不断地去猎杀它们，不给它们逃生的机会，所以该段讲述了狼是被如何对待的。故选D。4From the last paragraph we can infer that Alyssa _Adoesnt need fairy talesBdoesnt believe in fairy talesCencourages people to find out the facts about wolvesDbelieves that more people will work to save wolves答案：C推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，当人们提到狼的时候往往说“大坏狼”。如果人们把想法建立在事实的基础上，而不是童话上，我们人类就没有人想要杀死它们了。因此可推知，阿莉莎鼓励人们客观地对待狼，看到狼真实的一面。故选C。B限时10分钟Drive through any suburb in the US today, and its hard to miss the recycling bins that have become companions to Americas trash cans Recycling has become common, as people recognize the need to care for the environment Yet most peoples recycling consciousness extends only as far as paper, bottles, and cans People seldom find themselves facing the growing problem of ewasteEwaste rapidly increases as the technofashionable frequently upgrade to the most advanced devices, and the majority of them end up in landfills (垃圾填埋地) Some people who track such waste say that users throw away nearly 2 million tons of TVs, VCRs, computers, cell phones, and other electronics every year Unless we can find a safe replacement, this ewaste may get into the ground and poison the water with dangerous toxins (毒素), such as lead, mercury, and arsenic Burning the waste also dangerously contaminates the airHowever, ewaste often contains reusable silver, gold, and other electrical materials Recycling these materials reduces environmental problems by reducing both landfill waste and the need to look for such metals, which can destroy ecosystemsA growing number of states have adopted laws to ban dumping ewaste Still, less than a quarter of this waste will reach lawful recycling programs Some companies advertising safe disposal in fact merely ship the waste to some developing countries, where it still ends up in landfills These organizations prevent progress by unsafely disposing of waste in an outofsight, outofmind locationHowever, the small but growing number of cities and corporations that do handle ewaste responsibly represents progress toward making the world a cleaner, better place for us all5What can we infer from the first paragraph?AMany Americans now have access to recycling binsBEwaste cannot be put into trash cans in the USCMost Americans have realized the dangers of ewasteDMost of Americas trash cans are made of recycled material答案：A推理判断题。根据第一段第二句可知，在美国，废弃物的回收利用变得很普遍，因为人们已经意识到需要关注环境。所以，A项(很多美国人可以利用回收箱)符合题意，故选A。6What can best replace the underlined word “contaminates” in Paragraph 2?APollutes BHeatsCAbsorbs DReduces答案：A词义猜测题。根据第二段中的“this ewaste may get into the ground and poison the water with dangerous toxins (毒素), such as lead, mercury, and arsenic”可知，这些电子污染会进入土地，污染到水源，那么燃烧污染物可能会污染空气。由此可推断出contaminates的意思与pollutes相近，即“毒害，污染”，故选A。7How does the author feel about burying ewaste in landfills?AIts important BIts unsafeCIts acceptable DIts uncommon答案：B推理判断题。根据第二段倒数第二句中的“this ewaste may get into the ground and poison the water”和第四段尾句中的“These organizations prevent progress by unsafely ”可知，只是把电子垃圾放在看不见的垃圾填埋场，但仍旧不安全，因为它还在那里，分析选项可知B正确。8Whats the authors purpose in writing this text?ATo tell us how to recycle ewasteBTo talk about the future of ewasteCTo discuss if its necessary to recycle ewasteDTo encourage us to deal with ewaste properly答案：D推理判断题。通读全文可知，人们对垃圾的回收普遍关注，回收普通垃圾已经成为习惯。但随着科技的发展，合理回收电子垃圾成为现代废弃物回收的重点。故本文的目的是鼓励我们合理处理电子垃圾，故选D。C限时8分钟About 5,000 children die each day because of preventable diseases such as cholera and dysentery (痢疾), which spread when people use unclean water for drinking or cooking A lack of water for personal health leads to the spread of totally preventable diseases like trachoma, which has blinded some six million peopleWater troubles also trap many lowincome families in a cycle of poverty and poor education and the poorest suffer most from lack of access to water People who spend much of their time on ill health, caring for sick children, or collecting water at a distance averaging 375 miles a day dont have educational and economic chances to better their livesAgriculture is called the lions share of clean water worldwide, using some 70 percent, and industrial use needs another 22 percent Water areas have no political borders and nations dont always work together to share common resources, so water can be a frequent source of international problems as wellDaybyday demand keeps growing, further draining water sources, from great rivers to groundwater “Were going deeper into debt on our groundwater use，” Postel said, “and that has great effects on global water safety The rate of groundwater use has doubled since 1960”Some of Earths groundwater is fossil water created when Earths climate was far different Today such water is as limited as petrol “But were pumping much of them out faster than ever，” Postel explained “Mans growing thirst also causes a major problem about water and our ecosystems And that also creates a cost to us, to our sons and to our grandsons, not just to nature”9What does the author mainly discuss in the passage?AWater shortage has been a most serious challengeBSo many children die of polluted water every dayCDiseases should be properly controlled and treatedDWasting water leads to the unrest of the world答案：A主旨大意题。本文讲述了目前在全世界范围内，水资源短缺给人们的健康、生活、经济等带来的不利影响，水资源短缺是人类面临的一个相当严峻的挑战。10Why is agriculture called the lions share of clean water?ABecause agriculture is much stronger than industryBBecause more people live on the agricultural produceCBecause agriculture uses about twothirds of clean waterDBecause nations dont always work together to save water答案：C细节理解题。依据文中第三段第一句中的“using some 70 percent, and industrial use needs another 22 percent”可知，世界上约70%的清洁水被农业生产耗用，农业是消耗清洁水最多的产业。11According to what Postel said we can know _Agroundwater is rich for us to useBthere is no need to dig deep for groundwaterCwe are using our next generations waterDwe should use river water instead of groundwater答案：C推理判断题。依据最后两段中Postel的话，尤其是第五段最后一句可知，我们正在消耗我们子孙的水资源。12What can we infer from the passage? AWe shouldnt use water from rivers BWe should protect our ecosystems CWater should be distributed equally DLaws should be passed for groundwater答案：B推理判断题。文章在讲述水资源的重要性，且用具体例子和数据进行证明；再结合尾段倒数第二句“Mans growing thirst also causes a major problem about water and our ecosystems”可推知，我们要保护我们的生态系统。D限时8分钟Our planet Earth is comparatively small, with only about 24,902 miles around the equator (赤道) Its surface area may seem largest at 196,935,000 square miles, but of this, 71% is covered by sea The actual land surface covers some 57,500,000 square miles29% of the total surface areaOnce again, this seems vast until we take into account the largely uninhabited regions such as the huge wastes of the Arctic and Antarctic, the deserts and wetlands These regions are not always totally uninhabited, but they can usually support only very small populationsAt present there is still enough space on Earth for humans and wildlife, but what of the future? Our world cannot grow any larger, yet the human population keeps growing every year! As of July 2008, there were almost 67 billion people on the planet, and current estimates (估计) suggest that the population could be as high as 91 billion by as soon as 2050While the birth rate is slowing a little in parts of the Northern Hemisphere, in many other parts of the world, including developing countries, populations continue to grow This population explosion is responsible for most world environmental problems today; so whether our main concern is to breathe cleaner air, to drink purer water, to eliminate (消除) pollution, to protect wildlife and countryside, to produce more food to eat or to reach a higher standard of living generally, our chances of achieving any of these things become faint as the population increases sharply The Earths resources are vast but limited We have a tendency to look to the short term, rather than seeing the bigger picture of the futureThis is why it is so important that young people learn about looking after the planetso that future generations of adults act responsibly with regard to the environment and create a future that is continuable, both for humans and all the other species with which we share our world13What does the author worry about?AHow to find ways to live in uninhabited regionsBThe Earth is turning smaller and smallerCWhether there is enough space for creatures in the futureDWhat people will live on in the future答案：C推理判断题。根据文章第三段第一句中的疑问句“but what of the future？”可以推断出，作者对于在将来人和野生生物是否还有足够的生存空间感到担心。故选C。14According to the text, we can infer that _Athe population will increase by about 06 billion every ten yearsBthe birth rate around the equator is a little lowCpopulation explosion is caused by environmental problemsDmore population brings more resources答案：A推理判断题。根据第三段的最后一句可知，从2008年的大约67亿人口到2050年的91亿人口，在42年中，人口大约要增长24亿，即每十年大约增长6亿。故选A。由第四段第一句可知，北半球的某些地区人口出生率偏低，故B项错误；由第四段第二句可知，大部分环境问题是由急剧增多的人口造成的，故C项错误；D项不合常理。15What does the underlined word “faint” mean?AImportant BSlightCNecessary DInteresting答案：B词义猜测题。画线词前面提到人们想要呼吸更清洁的空气、喝更纯净的水、消除污染、保护野生生物和乡村、生产出更多的食物或普遍地达到一个更高的生活标准，然而人口数量的急剧增加，使人们实现这些想法的机会都变得微小了。故可推断出，faint的意思是“微小的；可能性不大的”，对比选项可知，slight“微小的”含义与其相近。故选B。16Which of the following ideas is suggested by the author?ATaking strong measures to control the birth rateBSaving the Earths natural resourcesCCalling on the young to care for the planetDProtecting the endangered species答案：C推理判断题。根据文章的最后一段可知，作者呼吁年轻人关爱地球，以便保护人类和其他物种未来的生存空间。故选C。A限时10分钟(2018浙江高考)Steven Stein likes to follow garbage trucks His strange habit makes sense when you consider that hes an environmental scientist who studies how to reduce litter, including things that fall off garbage trucks as they drive down the road What is even more interesting is that one of Steins jobs is defending an industry behind the plastic shopping bagAmericans use more than 100 billion thin film plastic bags every year So many end up in tree branches or along highways that a growing number of cities do not allow them at checkouts (收银台) The bags are prohibited in some 90 cities in California, including Los Angeles Eyeing these headwinds,_plasticbag makers are hiring scientists like Stein to make the case that their products are not as bad for the planet as most people assumeAmong the bag makers arguments: many cities with bans still allow shoppers to purchase paper bags, which are easily recycled but require more energy to produce and transport And while plastic bags may be ugly to look at, they represent a small percentage of all garbage on the ground todayThe industry has also taken aim at the product that has appeared as its replacement: reusable shopping bags The stronger a reusable bag is, the longer its life and the more plasticbag use it cancels out However, longerlasting reusable bags often require more energy to make One study found that a cotton bag must be used at least 131 times to be better for the planet than plasticEnvironmentalists dont dispute (质疑) these points They hope paper bags will be banned someday too and want shoppers to use the same reusable bags for years1What has Steven Stein been hired to do?AHelp increase grocery salesBRecycle the waste materialCStop things falling off trucksDArgue for the use of plastic bags答案：D细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句并结合第二段最后一句中的“plasticbag makers are hiring scientists like Stein to make the case that their products are not as bad for the planet as most people assume”可知，塑料袋制造商雇佣Stein这样的科学家来为塑料购物袋的使用进行辩护。故选D。2What does the word “headwinds” in Paragraph 2 refer to?ABans on plastic bagsBEffects of city developmentCHeadaches caused by garbageDPlastic bags hung in trees答案：A词义猜测题。画线词是承接其上一句的内容描述，指在包括洛杉矶在内的加利福尼亚州的90个城市，塑料袋是禁止使用的。再结合画线词后的“to make the case that their products are not as bad for the planet as most people assume”可推断出，此处headwinds指的是“bans on plastic bags”，即对塑料袋的禁令。故选A。3What is a disadvantage of reusable bags according to plasticbag makers?AThey are quite expensiveBReplacing them can be difficultCThey are less strong than plastic bagsDProducing them requires more energy答案：D细节理解题。根据倒数第二段第三句可知，环保袋的一个缺点是生产它们需要更多能源。故选D。4What is the best title for the text?APlastic, Paper or NeitherBIndustry, Pollution and EnvironmentCRecycle or Throw AwayDGarbage Collection and Waste Control答案：A标题判断题。通读全文可知，文章第一、二段介绍了塑料袋的禁用及原因；第三、四段介绍了环保袋的使用及其缺点；再结合最后一段第二句可知，环境学家甚至希望某天也可以禁用纸袋。因此A项(到底是选择塑料袋，纸袋还是两者都不使用)准确地概括了文章的主题，适合作标题。故选A。B限时8分钟(2019陕西省部分学校摸底检测)Scientists are preparing to launch the worlds first machine to clean up the planets largest mass of ocean plasticThe experts believe the machine should be able to collect half of the detritus in the patchabout 40,000 metric tonswithin five years In the past few weeks they have been busy welding together giant tubes that will sit on the surface of the sea and form the skeleton of the machine, creating the largest floating barrier ever madeThe system, originally dreamt up by Mr Slat, will be shipped out this summer to the Great Pacific Garbage Patch, between Hawaii and California, which contains estimated 18 trillion pieces of plastic It will be the first ever attempt to tackle the patch since it was discovered in 1997Mr Slat was 16 and still at school when he was diving in Greece and first saw for himself the amount of plastic polluting the sea “There were more bags than fish down there，” he recalls Two years later he came up with a solution, quit university after six months and set up The Ocean Cleanup as a company Mr Slat says the first plastic to arrive on shore will be a major milestone “We as humanity created this problem, so I think its also our responsibility to help solve it，” he says The Great Pacific Garbage Patch (GPGP) covers an area of 16 million square kilometers and contains at least 79,000 tons of plastic, research found last month Most of it is made up of “ghost gear”parts of abandoned and lost fishing gear, such as nets and ropesoften from illegal fishing vesselsGhost gear kills more than 100,000 whales, dolphins and seals each year, according to scientific surveys Seabirds and other marine life are increasingly being found dead with stomachs full of small pieces of plastic Creatures eat plastic discarded in the sea thinking its food but then starve to death because they are not feeding properly Others are trapped and die of starvation or are strangled or suffocated by ghost gear5What does the underlined word in the second paragraph proba