课件：骨关节影像学诊断基础知识.ppt

1,骨关节影像学基础知识,2,骨关节影像学检查方法,3,恶性纤维组织细胞瘤,Plain film,4,CT,恶性纤维组织细胞瘤,5,MR,恶性纤维组织细胞瘤,6,Angiography,恶性纤维组织细胞瘤,7,Plain film,Fracture,8,CT,Osteomyelitis,Chondrosarcoma,9,MR,Chondrosarcoma,10,骨关节正常影像学表现,11,Transverse foramen,Intervertebral foramen,The vertebral artery goes through the sixth to the first transverse foramen; There in the seventh transverse foramen is the root of brachial plexus. .,12,13,14,15,16,17,骨基本病变的种类,1、骨质疏松 2、骨质软化 3、骨质破坏 4、骨质增生硬化 5、骨膜增生 6、骨与软骨内钙化 7、骨质坏死 8、矿物质沉积； 、骨胳变形； 、周围软组织病变。,18,是指一定单位体积内正常钙化的骨组织减少。 组织学变化是骨皮质变薄，骨小梁减少，哈氏管扩大。 X线表现：骨密度减低，骨皮质变薄，骨小梁减少。 常见于老年人，骨结核，类风湿，甲旁亢,骨质疏松,19,骨质疏松,正常,甲旁亢,正常,20,正常,老年性骨质疏松,21,4 岁. 骨结核,骨质疏松,Normal,Osteoporosis denotes that the disease is chronic and so that is benign.,正常,22,骨质疏松,Normal,甲旁亢,Normal,23,甲旁亢,Normal,Osteoporosis,Normal,骨膜下骨吸收,24,骨质疏松,（hypercortisolism） Cushing 综合征,25,Normal,骨质疏松,Normal,类风湿,26,Osteoporosis,Normal,老年骨质疏松,Normal,27,骨质软化,1.定义 一定单位体积内骨组织有机成分正常，而矿物质含量减少。 组织学变化：骨小梁中央部分钙化，外周未钙化 2.X线表现 骨密度减低（腰椎和骨盆最明显），骨小梁模糊，变形-下肢弯曲、骨盆畸形、假骨折线 3.原因 骨软化症（成人） 佝偻病（生长期）,28,佝偻病,Normal,29,佝偻病,Normal,30,佝偻病,31,佝偻病,Normal,32,佝偻病,骨质软化症,33,Normal,骨质软化症,34,骨质破坏,骨质破坏是局部骨质为病理组织所替代而造成的骨组织消失，可见于炎症，结核，肿瘤，肿瘤样病变，缺血坏死， 内分泌疾病等,35,骨质破坏,Normal,骨巨细胞瘤,Normal,36,骨质破坏,Normal,骨转移瘤,Normal,37,骨质破坏,脊椎结核,Normal,Normal,Normal,Normal,38,骨质破坏,Normal,骨髓炎,Normal,39,甲旁亢,骨质破坏,Normal,Normal,40,恶性纤维组织细胞瘤,Bone destruction,41,Bone destruction,非骨化性纤维瘤,平片,CT,42,Bone destruction,Normal,骨肉瘤,Normal,43,Normal,Normal,多发性骨髓瘤,Bone destruction,44,Normal,Normal,Bone destruction,骨转移瘤,45,Bone destruction,骨转移瘤,46,骨质坏死(necrosis of bone),是骨组织局部代谢的停止，坏死的骨质称为死骨（sequestrum)。 死骨可见于化脓性骨髓炎、结核、缺血坏死、外伤、恶性骨肿瘤；以前者多见。,47,sequestrum,骨髓炎,Died of hematosepsis,48,骨髓炎,死骨,Normal,Normal,Normal,Normal,49,死骨,慢性骨髓炎,50,Normal,Normal,死骨,慢性骨髓炎,51,骨结核,死骨,CT,52,死骨,骨结核,53,死骨,骨脓肿,54,sequestrum,股骨头缺血坏死,55,Normal,舟骨缺血坏死,sequestrum,Normal,56,是指一定单位体积内骨质数量增多，变致密。 骨质硬化的原因很多。,骨质硬化,57,Osteosclerosis,骨样骨瘤,Normal,Normal,Normal,Normal,58,Osteosclerosis,骨样骨瘤,59,骨肉瘤骨转移,Osteosclerosis,60,腰椎成骨转移,Osteosclerosis,61,石骨症,Osteosclerosis,“layer cake” sign,62,石骨症,Osteosclerosis,63,Osteosclerosis,骨肉瘤,64,慢性骨髓炎,Osteosclerosis,65,慢性骨髓炎,Osteosclerosis,66,甲旁减,Osteosclerosis,67,强直性脊柱炎,Osteosclerosis,68,骨膜反应,69,Periosteal reaction,Fracture,70,Periosteal reaction,骨髓炎,71,Periosteal reaction,疲劳骨折,72,尤文氏肉瘤,Periosteal reaction,73,骨肉瘤,Periosteal reaction,74,Periosteal triangle,骨肉瘤,75,骨膜三角（Codman三角）,X-ray film,MRI-TIWI,Specimen,76,骨膜下血肿,Periosteal triangle,77,静脉曲张,Periosteal triangle,78,梅毒,Periosteal reaction,79,骨与软组织内钙化,80,Ossification in bone and cartilage,软骨肉瘤,81,骨梗死,82,Ossification or calcification in bone and cartilage,骨梗死,83,Ossification or calcification in bone and cartilage,骨梗死,84,Ossification or calcification in bone and cartilage,骨梗死,85,Ossification or calcification in bone and cartilage,软骨瘤,86,Ossification or calcification in bone and cartilage,软骨瘤,87,Ossification or calcification in bone and cartilage,软骨肉瘤,88,Ossification or calcification in bone and cartilage,骨软骨瘤,89,矿物质沉积,90,铅中毒,Deposit of mineral salt,91,Deposit of mineral salt,慢性磷中毒,concentric circles,92,氟骨症,Deposit of mineral salt,93,骨骼变形,94,Metamorphose of bone,慢性骨髓炎,佝偻病,95,Metamorphose of bone,96,骨纤维异常增殖症,Metamorphose of bone,97,骨周围软组织病变,98,Lesions of soft tissue around the bone,99,Lesions of soft tissue around the bone,100,Lesions of soft tissue around the bone,骨化性肌炎,101,Lesions of soft tissue around th