课件：猪的皮肤病.ppt

Skin diseases in pigs 猪的皮肤病,Noninfectious Trauma, congenital, Pityriasis rosea, sunburn, ergot, Hyperkeratinization 非感染性外伤性的, 先天的, 玫瑰糠疹, 晒斑, 麦角症, 角化过度 Bacterials Exudative dermatitis, Salmonellosis, Erysipelas 细菌性(感染)渗出性皮炎,沙门氏菌病,丹毒 Viral Swine pox, Vesicular diseases 病毒性(感染)猪痘,水泡病 Parasitic Mange, lice 寄生虫性(感染)兽疥癣,白虱病 Fungal ringworm 真菌性(感染)癣菌病 Nutritional Parakeratosis, Biotin deficiency 营养性疾病角化不全,生物素缺乏 Allergic Urticaria 过敏性疾病风疹,2019,-,1,Trauma in pigs 外伤,Types: Abrasions-Knees, hocks, elbow 擦伤膝盖,踝关节,肘 类型 2-7 days old, farrowing crates 2-7日龄, 产箱 Teat erosion/necrosis crawling for milk 奶头腐烂/坏死躺卧哺乳 Vulva trauma Sow estrogen up？ 阴户外伤母猪雌激素升高? Subcutaneous abscess Thin sows 皮下脓肿母猪消瘦 Causes: Lack of bedding, floor surface, needle teeth- Staph is most common 原因:缺乏垫料,地板粗糙,锋利的牙齿葡萄球菌感染最为常见 Prevention: Eliminate causes surface, rubber mats, straw, smooth concrete 预防:去除诱因地面,橡皮垫,稻草, 水泥地平整,2019,-,2,Skin problems in pigs 猪的皮肤问题,Congenital: Congenital hypotrichosis hypoplasia of hair follicles 先天性:先天性少毛症毛囊发育不全 Epitheliogenesis imperfecta cong missing of squamous epithelium 上皮形成不完整鳞状上皮缺失 Pityriasis rosea:Ringworm-like, Hereditary? 玫瑰糠疹:类似癣病,遗传? Nonirritant, last for 10 wks 无刺激性,持续十周 Salicylic acid ointment 水杨酸药膏 Hyperkeratiniation:Dead, pigmented epithelial cells in neck, shoulders areas 角化过度 ：颈部和肩部有坏死的带色素沉着的上皮细胞 Cod liver oil (1 gal/50 sows/wk)鱼肝油(1加仑/50头母猪/周),2019,-,3,Skin diseases: differential 皮肤病：鉴别诊断,Parakeratosis Rapidly growing 7-16 weeks of age 7-16 周龄快速生长期 角化不全 Little irritation 轻微刺激 Zn down, Ca up, fat down Zn下降,Ca上升,脂肪减少 Greasy pigs Common at 3-6 wks of age 通常在3-6周龄 油性皮炎 Exudative dermatitis by S. hyicus 由猪葡萄球菌引起的渗 出性皮炎 Mange Pruritus, rubbing, exudate, crusts 搔痒,擦伤,渗出,结痂 疥癣 Growth retardation, feed conversion 发育迟缓,饲料报酬（低） Biotin deficiency Dry skin, Greasy pig-like 皮肤干燥, 生物素缺乏 Hair loss, Claw & foot lesion 掉毛, 脚爪损害,2019,-,4,Ear necrosis in nursery 保育猪耳坏死,Causes 原因 Unpalatable feed 饲料适口性差 No feed - empty for some time 无喂料饲味不及时 Overcrowding 过度拥挤,Tips 提示 Never feeders being empty 喂料器保持不空 Adjust feeder properly 调整喂料器适于喂料 Feeding the correct diet 饲喂合适的食物 At least 1 sq food of pen space per 25 lb pig 每25磅的猪至少给予1平方英尺采食空间 Keep humidity50% 保持相对湿度小于50%,2019,-,5,Vice-management factors辅助管理因素,Temp fluctuation 临时变动 Shortage of through space 过道狭窄 Poor comfort 不舒适 Wet pens 猪舍潮湿 No bedding 没有垫草 Bad pen design 猪舍设计不合理 Draughts 通风 Water shortage 缺水 High air speed 气流速度过高 New concrete 新的混凝土 Trauma 外伤 Change in diet更改饲料 *Tail biting Correct these factors listed 改正下列因素 咬尾 Cut tail shorter 0.5 inch 断尾至0.5寸 Remove fighting pigs quickly 尽快分开打架的猪群 Tetracycline 500 g/ton of feed 四环素500g/t 拌料,2019,-,6,Greasy pig disease 油性皮炎 Staphylococcus hyicus 猪葡萄球菌,Most often related with water deprivation 经常由缺水引起 Water flow rate should be 500-700 ml/min 水流速度应为500-700ml/min Treatment of individual nursery pigs 单个仔猪治疗 - Move to a sick pen 转移到病猪舍 - Additional water in bowl 饮水器里应有充足的水 - Lincomycin (10 mg/kg) injection for 3-5 days 林可霉素注射3-5天(10mg/kg) - Wash skin with mild antiseptic and lanolin oils 用温和消毒剂和羊毛脂油剂清洗皮肤,2019,-,7,Mange Management 疥癣的处理,May reach $230 million loss/year 一年损失可达230万美元 Life cycle: 25 days 生活周期:25天 Treatment: Ivermectin inj and Taktic spray 治疗: 伊维菌素注射,特敌 克喷雾 Treat all animals at the same time twice 同时对所有动物治疗两次 Sows prior to farrowing 产仔前的母猪 Piglets at weaning 断奶仔猪 Newly introduced pigs twice 10-14 days intervals 新引进的猪:2次,间隔10-14天 Boar 4-6 times/year 公猪 4-6次/年,2019,-,8,Porcine dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome (PDNS) 猪的皮炎和肾病综合症,Low morbidity 1% but high mortality 发病率低,小于1%,但死亡率高 Multi-focal erythematous lesions 多灶性红斑病变 Different from septicemia, erysipelas 与败血症和丹毒的区别 Cause & pathogenesis remain unclear 致病因素和发病机理尚未清楚 Immune complex deposit in vascular endothelium 免疫复合物在血管内皮沉积,2019,-,9,Skin treatment 皮肤病治疗,Mange Injectable Ivermectin 300 g/kg sq All pigs twice at 10-20 days apart Isolate new stock, treat twice 疥癣注射伊维菌素 300ug/kg sq 全群间隔10-20天注射两次 隔离新猪群,注射两次 Greasy pig- Entire litter Ampicillin, LA penicillin 油性皮炎整窝注射氨苄西林,LA青霉素 Parakeratosis - Zinc carbonate 6 oz/ton feed 角化不全碳酸锌 6 oz/t 拌料 Biotin: Grower 100-150 mg/ton, Finisher 50 mg ,Breeding/lactating 100 mg/ton 生物素:生长猪100-150mg/t,成猪50mg,种猪和泌乳猪 100mg/t Ear necrosis Tylan-sulfa 100 gm/ton 耳朵坏死 泰乐菌素磺胺药 100gm/t,2019,-,10,Swine parasites猪寄生虫病,Major: Large roundworms small intestines大的蛔虫小肠 主要的 Whipworms cecum, colon 鞭虫盲肠,结肠 Nodular worms colon 结节虫结肠 Mange mite 疥螨 Minor: Lungworms 肺丝虫 次要的 Red stomach worms 红胃蠕虫 Kidney worms 肾蠕虫 Threadworms small intestines 蛲虫小肠 Louse 虱子 Safe-Guard controls most internal worms 安全防护可控制大部分体内蠕虫,2019,-,11,Roundworms 蛔虫,1% growth loss with severe lifetime load 1%体重损失, 整个生产周期负担严重 parasite is visible and motivational 虫体肉眼可见,并可运动 Liver condemnation 肝脏受累,2019,-,12,Average cost due to worm damage 蠕虫病平均费用 Hale & Stewart 1987,Parasite Light Moderate Heavy 寄生虫 轻度 中度 重度 Roundworms 1.92 3.21 5.56 蛔虫 Whipworms 1.44 4.31 13.76 鞭虫 Nodular worms 1.25 2.09 3.69 结节虫 Kidneyworms 3.16 6.09 13.39 肾虫 * Cost per pig $: feed & maintenance每只猪花费(美元): 饲养和维持,2019,-,13,Basic deworming practices 驱虫基本措施,Determine the species of worms present 确定寄生虫种类 Fecal sample- cheap and very informative 粪便检查便宜而且非常有用 Collect handful of feces from 30 lactating sows & 30 finishing pens 从30只泌乳母猪和30个猪舍收集少量粪便(进行检查) Select correct anthelmintic选择正确的驱虫药 Atgaard (dichlorvos)- Adult round and whipworms 敌敌畏蛔虫和鞭虫的成虫 Banminth (pyrantel tartrate) Adult & larval roundworms酒石酸盐蛔虫成虫和幼虫 Safeguard (fenbendazole)- round, whips, lung worms芬苯哒唑蛔虫,鞭虫,肺蠕虫 Piperazine Adult round worms哌嗪类蛔虫成虫 Tramisol (levamisol) lungworms, adult rounds左咪唑肺蠕虫,蛔虫成虫 Ivomec external parasites, adult rounds害获灭体表寄生虫,蛔虫成虫 Apply as needed-Monthly for partial or quarterly for total slatted 如有需要，可以每月部分驱虫或每季度全面驱虫 High hlth farm sows-Atgaard scoop-a-sow on arrival to farrowing crate 严重的猪场的母猪进入分娩舍时用敌敌畏驱虫，每头母猪一匙。 Finishers piperazine in feed every quarter if selling breeding stock, every 6 months if c