课件：whamakesaleader.ppt

Unit 9 Text 1 What Makes a Leader,Michael Korda,Born: 8,oct,1933 Birthplace: London, England Occupation: Publisher, Novelist Nationality: United States Executive summary: Editor-in-Chief of Simon & Schuster Military service: RAF (1952-54) Books: Male Chauvinism: How It Works (1973) Power: How to Get It, How to Use It (1975) Success! (1977) Charmed Lives: A Family Romance (1979) Worldly Goods (1982) Queenie (1985, novel) The Fortune (1989) Man to Man: Surviving Prostate Cancer (1997, memoir) Another Life: A Memoir of Other People (2000) Country Matters (2001),Michael Korda has been the editor-in-chief at Simon & Schuster for over 40 years. He is also an accomplished and best-selling author.,Main Idea,What makes a leader? Timing (The leader must appear on the scene at a moment when people are looking for leadership.) Ability to simplify things and offer solutions (Great leaders are almost always great simplifiers.) Recognizable physical signs (Leaders must have bigger-than-life, commanding features for people to remember.) Ability to do something most of us cant Knowing how to use power (Leaders must know how to use power and have a way of showing he does.) Having the grace of a good dancer Having a irrational quality The people who are ready to be led,A leader should know to appear relaxed and confident. The leader follows, though a step aside. A leader rides the waves, moves the tides, and understands the deepest yearnings of his people. A great leader must have infectious optimism. A great leader must transform our needs and fears into coherent policies and progress. He is, after all, merely the sum of us.,Main idea,Leaders mentioned in the article,Churchill Lincoln Lenin Roosevelt, FDR Truman Ike, Eisenhower Kennedy, JFK,Johnson, LGJ; Humphrey (VP) Ford Nixon Carter Reagan Mao,Organization,Para.1-8: What are the qualities of a good leader? The common traits that differentiate leaders from the rest. Para. 9-14: Why is a good leader difficult to find? The truth: Leaders are made, not found.,Development,Logic: The qualities of a leader can be identified. So, it should be easy to find such person. But, it is not. Then Why? The truth is that a leader is made because of the will of people. Rhetoric technique: Examples of well-known leaders,Details,What does “timing” mean in para.2? “simplifier”, simply what? Bigger-than-life, commanding features? Why cant a leader be too different? What role does TV play in creating the image of a leader? How does physical signs relate to their ability of using power? What is a graceful dancer look like?,When do people need a strong leader? What is the most important character that a leader should possess when there is a need for a strong leader? What does it mean by “dignify our desire”? What does the “irrational quality” refer to ? Why do you think that the advisor of a great leader should be as cold as ice? What role do people play in the making of a great leader?,Vocabulary,ambivalent mbvlnt adj. 对某物、某人或某境况具有或显示矛盾情感的 I must have acquired ambivalent attitude towards women from her. 我对妇女的矛盾态度一定是从她那里学来的。 ambivalence n. 矛盾情绪；矛盾心理 摇摆；犹豫;举棋不定 ambivalently adv.,Hope for sth: want sth to be true or to happen What we can do now is to hope for the best but be prepared for the worst. In easy times: in times when are free from discomfort or worry status quo 现状 shake things up: make changes in order to improve 打散后重新组合勇于改革 The introduction of digital technology has shaken many industries up.,Leadership is as much a question of timing as anything else. The ability to arrange and control over events and actions to achieve desired results is a quality that is most required of a good leader.,Paragraph 2),How do you understand the sentence “The leader must appear on the scene at a moment when people are looking for leadership” The leader appears only when the people feel the need for someone trustworthy who can lead them to attain their desired goals.,Vocabulary,eloquent elkwntadj. 1.雄辩的, 有口才的,流利的 The defence lawyer made an eloquent plea for his clients acquittal. 被告方的律师为委托人的无罪开释作了有说服力的辩护。 Her enthusiasm made her eloquent. 她的热情使她能言善辩。 2.清楚表现出来, 传神的 These ruins are an eloquent reminder of the horrors of war. 这些废墟形象地提醒人们不要忘记战争的恐怖。 eloquently adv. Leadership is as much as a question of timing at any else. 领导能力的展现也需要把握时机。 He must offer a simple, eloquent message. 他传达给民众的信息一定要简单明了、令人信服。,Paragraph 3）,In what senses are great leaders are almost always great simplifiers? Great leaders can almost manage to disentangle themselves from the confusion of arguments, debates and doubts, and find a solution to the problem they face, often tersely in the form of a simple and straightforward utterance.,Vocabulary,“blood, toil, tears and sweat” 流血流泪、辛苦劳累 “the only thing to fear is fear itself” 我们唯一感到害怕的事情便是害怕本身。 Lenin promised the war-weary Russians peace, land and bread. 列宁向厌恶战争的俄国人保证获得和平、土地和面包。 Straightforward but potent messages. 这些表示诚实坦率，让人信服。,Vocabulary,Straightforward streitf:wd adj. 1.(人或行为) 坦诚的；坦率的；率直的 She gave me a straightfor-ward answer. 她坦率地回答了我。 2.简单的；易懂的；不复杂的 This is a straightforward task. 这是一项很容易完成的任务。 straightforwardly adv. straightforwardness n.,Vocabulary,potent putnt adj. 1.(药等)效力大的; 威力大的 The medicine had a potent effect on your disease. 这药物对你的病疗效很大。 2.强有力的; 有说服力的 He was once a potent ruler. 他曾经是有权势的统治者。 potence n. potently adv.,Paragraph 4）,The leaders must have bigger-than-life commanding features. The leader should have an unforgettable identity, instantly and permanently fixed in peoples minds.,Vocabulary,bigger than life 大名鼎鼎的；名声响亮的 lobe lb n.耳垂；(器官的)叶;肺叶,脑叶 broad grin 咧嘴大笑 broad in the beam 臀部肥大 in broad daylight 大白天，光天化日 grin and bear it 苦笑忍受；逆来顺受 stovepipe stv,pap n.火炉的烟囱,大礼帽,A trademark also comes in handy:a trademark is the name or other symbol used to identify the goods produced by a particular manufacturer. However, in this context it refers to the distinctive sign or mark of the presence of a person, such as the stovepipe hat Lincoln wore and the rocker JFK like to sit in. What does the author think of the physical features of a leader? He thinks that a leader should have bigger than life, commanding features, so impressive that he can be instantly recognized and remembered.,Paragraph 5）,The leader should be able to do something most of us cant.,Para 5 Vocabulary,cerebral serbrl adj. 1.大脑的,脑的 cerebral activity 脑的活动 2.要运用智力或理智的;诉诸理性的;非感情方面的 cerebrally magnify mnifai vt. 1.放大; 扩大;增强 A microscope magnifies bacteria so that they can be seen and studied. 显微镜把细菌放大, 使人们得以看见并研究它。 2.夸大;夸张 He tried to magnify the part he played in the battle. 他试图夸大他在战斗中发挥的作用。 3.夸奖; 赞美 My soul does magnify the Lord. 我的心确实是赞美上帝的。 magnifier,Polio:小儿麻痹症 1. 对于headache(头痛)，toothache(牙痛)，stomachache(胃痛)，backache(背痛)，earache(耳痛)等带有 -ache 的复合词来说，headache 是一个规则的可数名词，可以根据需要连用不定冠词连用，而其他的词则用作可数或不可数名均可(在美国英语中通常用作可数名词)，也就是说其前既可连用不定冠词，也可以省略。如： Ive got (a) toothache. 我牙疼。 Ive had (a) toothache all night. 我牙疼了一整夜。 I get a headache if I watch too much television. 每当看电视太久我就会头疼。 2. 表示“感冒”的cold也可用作可数或不可数名词，是否连用不定冠词与搭配习惯有关：在have a cold或have got a cold这类搭配中，必须要用不定冠词，但是在take (a) cold, catch (a) cold, get (a) cold这类搭配中，则可以省略不定冠词。但是，即使是take (a) cold, catch (a) cold, get (a) cold这类搭配，如果cold 若有了形容词的修饰，则其中的 a 也不能省略。 I have got a cold and I cannot smell. 我感冒了，闻不出味道。 He caught (a) cold and coughed a little. 他感冒了，有点咳嗽。 He caught a bad cold the other day. 几天前他患了重感冒。 3. 只用作不可数名词的疾病名称前面不用不定冠词，如flu (流行性感冒)，gout (痛风)，hepatitis (肝炎)，等。如： I was in bed with flu for ten days. 我因患流感，卧床10天.,以-s结尾的疾病名称作主语的主谓一致问题, arthritis,bronchitis,diabetes,mumps,phlebitis静脉炎,rickets软骨病,这类以-s结尾的疾病名称作主语时，谓语动词通常用作单数。 例如： Arthritis causes great pain in the joints of the patient. The diabetes is a kind of chronic disease. Measles usually occurs in children. Phlebitis is a swollen condition of the blood vessels.,2019/8/27,28,可编辑,Even television, which comes in for a lot of knocks as an image-builder that magnifies from over substance, doesnt altogether obscure the qualities of leadership we recognize, or their absence. 电视能塑造人的形象，因其过于美化候选人的外表却忽略他们的素质而饱受非议，但电视并不能掩盖领袖是否具备大家公认的领导才能。,Vocabulary,Nixons insecurity and Humphreys fatal infatuation with his own voice: Nixons lack of confidence and Humphreys excessive admiration for his own voice, which turned out to be damaging.,Para 6 Vocabulary,substance sbstns n. 1.物质, 物品, 东西 Soil consists of various chemical substances. 土壤由各种化学物质组成。 2.主旨, 要旨, 要点, 实质, 基本内容 The substance of their talk is condensed into a paragraph. 他们谈话的要旨被压缩成一段话。 3.实质, 本体 Is there any substance to their claim? 他们的要求有实质内容吗? 常用词组 in substance 基本上，大体上 Basic rights are equivalent in substance to human rights. 基本权利大体上等同于人权。,Paragraph 7）,The leader must know how to use power and also has a way of showing he does.,infatuation ftu:en n.热恋,迷恋 She realized that she felt fear as well as infatuation for this man.她意识到自己对这个男人又害怕又迷恋。 project prdektvt.1.计划；规划；设计；打算 Can you project a new working scheme for us? 你能为我们设计一个新的工作计划吗? 2.投射；投掷；发射；喷射 I had no screen, so I projected the slides onto an old white sheet. 我没有幕布, 所以我把幻灯片投射到一块旧的白床单上。 3.使(观念等)心中形成；使(思想、感情等)形象化；把(自己的感情、思想等)投射给他人 Dont project your guilt feelings onto me!别把你自己内疚的感情往我身上搬。 He has to be able to project firmnessno physical clumsiness, no rapid eye movements.他必须展现自己坚定刚毅的能力没有笨拙的身体，没有闪烁的眼神。,Vocabulary,A leader must know how to use power thats what leadership is about, but also has to have a way of showing he does. He should be good at exercising his power/authority where desired (thats a quality a leader must have ), and he should demonstrate himself to be equal to such function.,Paragraph 8）,A leader should know how to appear relaxed and confident.,the sickly grin that passes for good humor 为了幽默而故作欢颜 climb out of the Depression 摆脱大萧条,Vocabulary,Vocabulary,clumsiness n.笨拙,简陋,丑陋 clumsily clumsy clumsy klmzi adj. 1.笨拙的, 笨重的 2.笨拙的；复杂难懂的，使用不便的；得罪人的，不得体的；难以移动的 Para 8 Affability n. 和蔼,亲切 affable affably affable fbladj. 1.友善的;慈祥的 Granny smiled an affable smile. 奶奶慈祥地笑了笑。 2.平易近人的, 和蔼的 He was affable in manner. 他态度和蔼。,The sickly grin that passes for good humor: be accepted as being With her perfect command of German, she passed for a native German lady.,What can be inferred from para 9 about the relationship between the people and a leader? A leader should be one of the people who seek to realize their desired goals, but different from the ordinary people, he must be the one who takes the lead in such endeavours.,The leader follows, though a step aside. 领袖随众而行，哪怕只领先一步。 People can only be led to go where they themselves choose; no one can force them to go where he wants them to. The leader should go with the people in the direction they choose, but he is not just one among them; he leads them. A leader rides the waves, moves the tides, and understands the deepest yearnings of his people. 领袖是时代的弄潮儿，能顺应时代潮流，理解人们的深切愿望。,Para 9 Vocabulary,Vocabulary,within ones grasp唾手可得 dignify dgn,fa vt. 1.使显得威严, 使高贵, 使显赫 He always strikes such a dignified pose before his girlfriend. 他总是在女友面前摆出这种庄严的姿态。 2.夸大 Dont try to dignify those few hairs on your face by calling them a beard! 别想把你脸上那几根毛说成是胡子来美化它！ rallying cry 战斗口号 humiliating hju(:)mlet adj.丢脸的,羞辱性的 The battle ended in a humiliating defeat. 这场战役以耻辱的失败告终。,People can only be led where they want to g. The leader follows, though a step ahead. The leader should be quick at noticing what people are in need of, and get ahead to meet their demands while guiding and delegating them toward a specified direction.,Paragraph 11）,The leader must dignify our desires, convince us that we are taking part in the marking of great history.,Vocabulary,scandal skndl n. 1.丑事, 丑闻 Its a scandal for a city official to take tax money for his own use. 一个市政官员将税款挪为己用是一则丑闻。 2.流言蜚语; 闲话; 诽谤 I heard a bit of scandal about your friend. 我听到一点儿关于你朋友的流言。 3.公愤; 反感 His theft from the shop caused scandal in the village. 他因偷商店的东西引起全村的公愤。 irrational rnl adj.无理性的;失去理性的;不合理的 After taking the drug she became completely irrational. 她在吸毒后变得完全失去了理性。 irrationality irrationalize irrationally,FDRs words turned the sinking of the American fleet at Pearl Harbor into a national rallying cry instead of a humiliating national scandal. 罗斯福的话使得美国珍珠港舰队的沉没转换成了凝聚民族力量的宣言而不是让国家蒙羞的丑闻。 A leader must stir our blood, not appeal to our reason. 领袖必须让我们热血沸腾，而不是呼吁要求我们保持理性。 A leader should stimulate our passion, not just try to reason with us. A leader must have a certain irrational quality, a stubborn refusal to face facts, infectious optimism 伟大的领袖必须有种不理智的品格，对现实固执拒绝，有极具感染力的乐观,Vocabulary,Paragraph 12）,The leader has a certain irrational quality, a stubborn refusal to face facts, infectious optimism the ability to convince us.,Infectious: Capable of causing infection. an infectious disease传染病 Easily or readily communicated: 有感染力的：容易或能快速传播的： an infectious laugh.有感染力的微笑 Optimism: A tendency to expect the best possible outcome or dwell on the most hopeful aspects of a situation:乐观主义 “There is a touch of optimism in every worry about ones own moral cleanliness” (Victoria Ocampo) “在对自身道德纯净度的每次焦虑中，都存在一种乐观因素”(维多利亚奥卡姆波),Vocabulary,divine divainadj. 1.神的, 天赐的 It is the divine will. 这是天意。 Jesus is believed by Christians to have been divine. 基督教徒们相信耶稣是神。 2.极好的 You look simply divine, darling. 你简直动人极了, 亲爱的。 vt. 1.猜测, 预测 The old man claimed to be able to divine what the stars hold in store for us.老人声称能预知祸福。 divinely divineness diviner,Vocabulary,coherent kuhirnt adj. 1.条理清楚的, 连贯的; 前后一致的 2.看法、思想、论点等 合乎逻辑的；有条理的；清楚易懂的 3.有表达能力的；能把自己的意思说清楚的 coherence coherency coherently Transform:To change markedly the appearance or form of:使变形：明显地改变外观或形式： “A thick, fibrous fog had transformed the trees into ghosts and the streetlights into soft, haloed moons”(David Michael Kaplan) “浓密厚重的雾使树木看起来象鬼魂，街灯看起来象是带着柔和光晕的月亮”,And when these qualities are lacking in us, we cant produce him; and even with all our skills at image-building, we cant fake him. He is, after all, merely the sum of us. Strength, determination and courage are most important qualities w