2006年博士英语试题.doc

中国科学院研究生2006院博士研究生入学考试中国科学院研究生2006院博士研究生入学考试7lBAxqr2-U/c-fU=yyp?WmC8SAMPLETEST8W#heW-THECHINESEACADEMYOFSCIENCESt%!9hr5DENGLISHENTRANCEEXAMINATIONOPxuFORg；8jK8KhDOCTORALCANDIDATES3MY(TGXEVVPNDPAPERONEelGk%/2%_tzXimPARTIVOCABULARY(15minutes,10points,0.5pointeach)-Gw$#!Directions:Choosethewordorexpressionbeloweachsentencethatbestcompletesthestatement,andmarkthecorrespondingletterofyourchoicewithasinglebaracrossthesquarebracketsonyourMachine-scoringAnswerSheet.&M:RrfgI$eu1.Tenyearsago,ahousewithadecentbathroomwasa_symbolamonguniversityprofessors.Xy7ysA.postB.status2+LC.positionD.placeaSpWsT2.Itwouldbefarbetterifcollectorscouldbepersuadedtospendtheirtimeandmoneyinsupportof_archaeologicalresearch.+q)5dYRzVA.legibleB.legitimate5i-RgloC.legislativeD.illicity8KX2s13.Weseekasocietythathasatits_arespectforthedignityandworthoftheindividual.ohKCdTA.endB.handPI1GyJr；C.coreD.best(_yhh:m4.Avarietyofproblemshavegreatly_thecountrysnormaleducationaldevelopment.)u+A.impededB.impartedc=O/fC.imploredD.implementedmrJQ#5.Agoodeducationisanassetyoucan_fortherestofyourlife.Ln.ZVMZ；A.spelloutB.calluponG；wC.falloverD.resorttoP0iV)=py7.Beneathitsmyriadrules,thefundamentalpurposeof_istomaketheworldapleasanterplacetolivein,andyouamorepleasantpersontolivewith.G_AyA.elitismB.eloquence1Xyp/X2rIC.eminenceD.etiquettet_l$8.TheNewTestamentwasnotonlywrittenintheGreeklanguage,butideasderivedfromGreekphilosophywere_inmanypartsofit.F#APtA.alteredB.criticizedyty2$OC.incorporatedD.translatedhXX1k9.NobodywilleverknowtheagonyIgo_waitingforhimtocomehome.iu9:WA.overB.with+p?hGoF=C.downD.through+5*vABvCu10.Whileacountryseconomyisbecomingthemostpromisingintheworld,itspeopleshouldbemore_abouttheirqualityoflife.UE)fUTSA.discriminatingB.distributing01nsdZ-C.disagreeingD.disclosing,YlmX11.Cheatedbytwoboyswhomhehadtruston,Josephpromisedto_them.N4IC.intensiveD.exhaustive；8im&413.Inproportionasthe_betweenclasseswithinthenationdisappearsthehostilityofonenationtoanotherwillcometoanend.KBL=-KIA.intoleranceB.pessimismL)1C8).C.injusticeD.antagonism32s5-.c/f14.Everyonedoestheirownthing,tothepointwhereafifth-gradeteachercant_onafourth-gradeteacherhavingtaughtcertainthings.NP$e-1A.countB.insist=dgv6v-2SC.fallD.dwellG(:s-xig615.Whenthefirebrokeoutinthebuilding,thepeoplelosttheir_andranintotheelevator.d&NC-FxA.heartsB.tempers/_$rWC.headsD.senses_=o1?R16.Consumersdeprivedoftheinformationandadvicetheyneededwerequitesimply_everycheatinthemarketplace.B*-ToXQQrA.atthemercyofB.inlieuofxP8iz?6VC.bycourtesyofD.forthepriceof*Gg1h&17.InfactthepurchasingpowerofasinglepersonspensioninHongKongwasonly70percentofthevalueofthe_Singaporepension.$w|oMl)A.equivalentB.similar)zqs5YC.consistentD.identicalr.zLXgK18.Hebecameawarethathehadlosthisaudiencesincehehadnotbeenabletotalk_.p?dGZ2IA.honestlyB.graciouslyu#4G7-63C.complywithD.passoverYL9t30FrGPARTIICLOZETEST(15minutes,15points)isYf9,3|83JnhDirections:Foreachblankinthefollowingpassage,choosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesgivenintheoppositecolumn.MarkthecorrespondingletterofyourchoicewithasinglebaracrossthesquarebracketsonyourMachine-scoringAnswerSheet.XJxs4a1tQnP?；Weareenteringaperiodinwhichrapidpopulationgrowth,thepresenceofdeadlyweapons,anddwindlingresourceswillbringinternationaltensionstodangerouslevelsforanextendedperiod.Indeed,21seemsnoreasonfortheselevelsofdangertosubsideunlesspopulationequilibriumis22andsomeroughmeasureoffairnessreachedinthedistributionofwealthamongnations.23ofadequatemagnitudeimplyawillingnesstoredistributeincomeinternationallyonamoregenerous24thantheadvancednationshaveevidencedwithintheirowndomains.Therequiredincreasesin25inthebackwardregionswouldnecessitategiganticapplicationsofenergymerelytoextractthe26resources.bFY)oZItisuncertainwhethertherequisiteenergy-producingtechnologyexists,andmoreserious,27thatitsapplicationwouldbringustothethresholdofanirreversiblechangeinclimate28aconsequenceoftheenormousadditionofmanmadeheattotheatmosphere.Itisthis29problemthatposesthemostdemandinganddifficultofthechallenges.Theexisting30ofindustrialgrowth,withnoallowanceforincreasedindustrializationtorepairglobalpoverty,hold31theriskofenteringthedangerzoneofclimaticchangeinas32asthreeorfourgenerations.Ifthetrajectoryisinfactpursued,industrialgrowthwill33havetocometoanimmediatehalt,foranothergenerationortwoalongthat34wouldliterallyconsumehuman,perhapsalllife.Theterrifyingoutcomecanbepostponedonlytotheextentthatthewastageofheatcanbereduced,35thattechnologiesthatdonotaddtotheatmosphericheatburdenforexample,theuseofsolarenergycanbeutilized.(1996)_kYz,md7.zU21.A.oneB.itC.thisD.theremKFHT22.A.achievedB.succeededC.producedD.executed-xhlL*23.A.TransfersB.TransactionsC.TransportsD.TranscriptsKa.bZS24.A.extentB.scaleC.measureD.range19-yMO25.A.outgrowthB.outcropC.outputD.outcomebvuIXX=226.A.neededB.needyC.needlessD.needingW2$wN+P27.A.possibleB.possiblyC.probableD.probably)7%2V%28.A.inB.withC.asD.too-nXmcuakoILXu36.Theauthorwouldmostlybeconcernedwith_.z$A5p4=BA.findingthemostimportantcauseforaparticularhistoricalevent?*g27f11B.determiningwhenhypothesesneedtobereinterpretedazSS:=AC.imposingapatternuponvaryinginterpretationsforthecausesofaparticularhistoricaleventzR:S.eJ.A.toaccumulatesufficientreferencematerialtoexplainaneventU7Ps2x3B.analyzingthehistoricaleventtodetermineifa“singlethemetheory”applestotheeventorEo$eC.determiningthecommonstrandsthatmakeupahistoricalevent)LycwD.interpretinghistoricalfactorstodetermineifonefactorwillhaverelativelygreatervalueRTSg=#；H+Kb5O38.Thebestdefinitionfortheterm“historicalsynthesis”wouldbe_.ZY=x$($fA.combiningelementsofdifferentmaterialintoaunifiedwhole5|；-L&B.atentativetheorysetforthasanexplanationforaneventh&8hl_mC.thedirectoppositeoftheoriginalinterpretationofaneventb&.o9PVD.interpretinghistoricalmaterialtoprovethathistoryrepeatsitself1TOTYfE8/tx(39.Ahistorianseekstoreconstructthe“spirit”ofatimeperiodbecause_.|9$K+A.theeventsinhistoryaremoreimportantthanthepeoplewhomakehistoryF0q#.B.existinghypothesesareadequateinexplaininghistoricaleventsrN0P|TqC.thisisthebestmethodtodeterminethesinglemostimportantcauseforaparticularactiontQ=M=BPZD.varyingfactorscanbeassimilatedwithinacommonbaseN,6(|,m_7Z|=)40.Whichofthefollowingstatementswouldtheauthorconsiderfalse?1D159NLBA.Onefactorinahistoricalsynthesiswillnothaveagreatervaluethanotherfactors.frV*+B.Itispossibletoanalyzecommonunifyingpointsinhypotheses.Rrh?0qWsC.Historicaleventsshouldbestudiedaspartofacontinuuminhistory.1|/P!uD.Asynthesisseekstodeterminewhyanoutcometookthedirectionitdid.r+YIg!j8/lv,m#Passage2GdK,3:.TWhenyoucallthepolice,thepolicedispatcherhastolocatethecarnearestyouthatisfreetorespond.Thismeansthedispatcherhastokeeptrackofthestatusandlocationofeverypolicecarnotaneasytaskforalargedepartment.llG+*Y8tAnotherproblem,whichariseswhencarsareassignedtoregularpatrols,isthatthepatrolsmaybetooregular.Ifcriminalsfindoutthatpolicecarswillpassaparticularlocationatregularintervals,theysimplyplantheircrimesfortimeswhennopatrolisexpected.Therefore,patrolcarsshouldpassbyanyparticularlocationatrandomtimes；thefactthatacarjustpassedshouldbenoguaranteethatanotheroneisnotjustaroundthecorner.Yetsimplyorderingtheofficerstopatrolatrandomwouldleadtochaos.#XSs.iAcomputerdispatchingsystemcansolveboththeseproblems.Thecomputerhasnotroublekeepingtrackofthestatusandlocationofeachcar.Withthisinformation,itcandetermineinstantlywhichcarshouldrespondtoanincomingcall.Andwiththeaidofapseudorandomnumbergenerator,thecomputercanassignroutinepatrolssothatcriminalscantpredictjustwhenapolicecarwillpassthroughaparticulararea.i-qs(Beforecomputers,policesometimesusedroulettewheelsandsimilardevicestomakerandomassignments.)f5)4HComputersalsocanrelievepoliceofficersfromconstantlyhavingtoreporttheirstatus.Thepolicecarwouldcontainaspecialautomaticradiotransmitterandreceiver.Theofficerwouldsetadialonthisunitindicatingthecurrentstatusofthecarpatrolling,directingtraffic,chasingaspeeder,answeringacall,outtolunch,andsoon.Whennecessary,thecomputeratheadquarterscouldpollthecarforitsstatus.Thevoiceradiochannelswouldnotbecloggedwithcarsconstantlyreportingwhattheyweredoing.Acomputerinthecarautomaticallycoulddeterminethelocationofthecar,perhapsusingtheLORANmethod.Thelocationofthecaralsowouldbesentautomaticallytotheheadquarterscomputer.6.JpUf83*B.PatrolCarDispatchingeKAVzkC.ThePowerfulComputersfvA.locateeverypatrolcaroXA3iB.guaranteecarsonregularpatrolsg?