虚拟语气讲解与练习.ppt

虚拟语气与真实条件句的区别,试比较下面的句子： 1.If you come here tomorrow ,I will give you a hand. 2.If you came here tomorrow, I would give you a hand. 3.If you came yesterday, I would give you a hand. 4.If you had come yesterday, I would have given you a hand. 5.If it rains ,I will not come . 6.If it rained , I would not come. 7.If it should rain tomorrow, I would not come. 真实条件句： 虚 拟 语 气： 真实条件句表示有实现的可能，然而虚拟语气指的是一种假设并不能实现。,1，3，5,2,4,6,7,虚拟语气讲解与练习 刘宏斌,一虚拟语气的种类 虚拟语气一般分为四种，如下图所示：,各个时态的例子,1.与现在事实相反： If I were you, I would take all his advice. If I had time, I would go there with my friends. If I had enough money, I would buy a second computer. 2.与过去事实相反： If you had taken my advice, you wouldnt have been punished. If you had studied hard, you would have passed the exam. If it hadnt been for the flood ,we would have got a good harvest. 3.与将来事实相反： If it were to rain/should rain/rained tomorrow, I wouldnt come. If he were to come/should come/came, the problem would be settled. Should it rain tomorrow, the sports meet would be delayed until next week. 4.混合时态虚拟语气： If you had taken my advice ,you wouldnt be crying here. I would have come to your help, but I was busy yesterday.,虚拟语气在倒装句中的使用,虚拟语气的从句如果省略if就要变成倒装句，例子如下： Were it to rain tomorrow, I wouldnt come to your help. Should it rain tomorrow, I wouldnt come to your help. =If Were it to rain tomorrow, I wouldnt come to your help. = If it Should rain tomorrow, I wouldnt come to your help. Had it not been for his help, I wouldnt have finished the work on time. = If it hadnt been for his help , I wouldnt have finished the work on time. 结构：（1） were 主语 (not) to do,+主句 （2）should主语 (not) do，+主句 （3）had主语 （not) done ,+主句,虚拟语气在主语从句中的使用,1.it +be +suggested/advised/requested +that sb should do 或者 do. It is suggested that the work should be settled right now.或It is suggested that the work be settled right now. It is advised that more efforts (should) be made to improve the quality of the product. It is requested that everybody（should ) keep law and order. It is ordered that all the soldiers (should) make clear warnings before shooting.,虚拟语气在主语从句中的使用,2.it is important/necessary/strange/odd/proper/ natural/imperative/a pity/ a shame that +主语（should) + do/be doing/have done It is important that we (should ) master English in modern society. It is strange that the little girl( should ) have spoken to her mother like that. It is necessary that everyone (should ) come here in time. It is strange that the little girl (should ) be speaking to her mother like that .,练习一（主语从句）,1.It is important and necessary that one _ a foreign language so that he can be better equipped for his future. A. learns B. learned C. learn D. will learn 2. It is necessary that people both young and old in China _ some English to be prepared for the world-wide communication. A. learn B. will learn C. must learn D. shall learn 3.It was strange that he _ so many mistakes in the exam yesterday. A. make B. should have made C. made D. should make,C,A,B,虚拟语气在宾语从句中的使用（1）,1.表示命令、建议、要求、愿望、决定等动词之后的宾语从句使用虚拟语气，并且should可以省略。这些动词为： (1).The doctor advised that he (should) give up smoking right now. (2).The general ordered that all the soldiers (should) give clear warnings before shooting. (3).The man insisted that we (should ) apologize to him. (4). The little boy insisted that he hadnt stolen any money and that he (should) be set free immediately. (5).The smile on his face suggested that he was pleased with the result. (6). Our teacher suggested that we (should) make full preparations for the final exam.,Insist, order, command, suggest, propose, advise, request, require, demand, ask. 1,2,3,4 原则,虚拟语气在宾语从句中的使用（2）,2.Wish 的用法 （1)对现在虚拟用一般过去式did/were, I wish I were a bird. (2) 对过去虚拟用过去完成时had done, I wish I had gone there with you yesterday. (3) 对将来虚拟用过去将来时would/could do, I wish I could come to your party. Wish 的用法语if only 的用法一致，不详细讲述。 3. Would rather的用法 （1）对现在或将来虚拟用一般过去式did/were， I would rather he went with me tomorrow (now）. （2）对过去虚拟用过去完成时had done， I would rather she had done that yesterday.,虚拟语气在宾语从句中的使用练习,1.All the doctors in the hospital insisted that he_ badly wounded and that he_ at once. A. should be ,be operated on B. were , must be operated on C. was, should be operated D. was , be operated on 2.I advised that he_ to the hospital at once, but he insisted that he_ quite well then. A. be sent, was feeling B. was sent, should feel C. be sent, feel D. should be sent ,should feel 3.The bus driver insisted that he_ at a normal speed and therefore _for the childs death. A. drive, not answer B. was driving , shouldnt answer C. should drive ,shouldnt have answered D. drove, shouldnt answer 4.How I wish you_ to my birthday party last night. A. came B. would come C. had come D. would have come 5. _ your advice, I would have had no trouble with my papers. A. Had I followed B. If I followed C. If I have followed D. Once I followed,D,A,D,C,A,虚拟语气在表语从句中的使用,1.当insist, order, command, suggest, propose, advise, request, require, demand, ask引导主语从句，它们的表语从句也要用虚拟语气。 (1). What the teacher suggested was that we (should) work at English. (2). What the general ordered was that the soldiers (should) give clear warnings before shooting. 2. 表示命令、建议、要求等词的名词需要用表语从句的时候，表语从句也要用虚拟语气。 （1). My suggestion is that we (should ) go there right now. (2). His advice was that everyone (should) come here on time. (3). The generals order was that every soldier (should ) do their best to save the suffering people.,虚拟语气在同位语从句中的使用练习,当表示命令、建议、要求的名词出现其后接同位语从句时，同位语从句要用虚拟语气，should 可以省略。这些动词为： demand, require, request, recommend, order, command, advise, suggest, propose, desire, intend, insist, decide, determine等。 Not all of us agreed to his suggestion that more attention (should) be given to the project. My advice that we (should) plant more trees around our school was accepted by the headmaster. His request that he (should) be given a rise was turned down.,其他方面,1.as if/though 的用法 (1).如果描述的情况是事实就不用虚拟语气，反之就用虚拟语气。 It looks as if it is going to rain. She looks quite unhappy, as if she has lost something. She acted as if nothing had happened. She always talks as if she knew everything of the world. （2） It looks as if the old man could live another hundred years.(将来相反） The old man is lying on the ground as if he were dead.(现在相反） They ran as fast as they could as if a ghost were chasing them.(现在进行相反） He ate as if he hadnt had a meal for years.(过去相反）。,其他方面,2.It is time that sb did that sb should do (should 一般不省略） 例子：我们该睡觉了。 It is (high) time that we went to bed. It is (high) time that we should go to bed. 3.介词without/but for 的使用 如果without/but for在句子中表示与事实不相符合就要用虚拟语气，时间根据实际情况进行分析。 Without your help, we couldnt have finished the work. Without your help, we could be still in trouble. Without the sun, nothing could live on the earth. 4.句中出现了表示转折的连词，如or, or else, otherwise等用虚拟语气。 He came to help me, or I couldnt have finished the work in time. You did what you were told to ,otherwise you would have been punished .,其他方面,5.表示未曾实现的希望、愿望、企图的动词出现使用虚拟语气，例如:want, hope, wish, expect, mean, plan. I had wanted to come yesterday, but I was too busy. I wanted to have come yesterday, but I was too busy. 注意结构上的变化 造句：他原本想要看电影，可是去发现挤不出来时间。,其他方面,6.would/could /might/should/must/ought to/had better/would rather /may/can have done 意为原本,练习题,1.“The interest _ be divided into five parts, according to the agreement made by both sides”, declared the judge. A. may B. should C. must D. shall 2. There _difficulties about passing the road test since you have practised a lot in the driving school. A. mustnt B. shant C. shouldnt D. Neednt 3. Catherine ,I have cleaned the room for you. Thanks .You_ it. I could manage it myself. A. neednt do B. neednt have done C. mustnt do D. shouldnt have done 4. Tom is never late for work. Why is he absent today? Something_ to him. A. must happen B. should have happened C. could have happened D. must have happened 5. We _ last night, but we went to the concert instead. A. must have studied B. might study C. should have studied D. would study 6. Tom came to work yesterday, but no one has seen him since. _ he have has an accident? A. Should B. Must C. Might D. Could,D,C,B,D,C,D,练习题,7.Thank you for giving me a hand._ in the experiment without your help. A. have failed B. will fail C. would have failed D. must have failed 8. You cant imagine that a top student _ have failed in the college entrance examination. A. might B. need C. sh