2014高考英语二轮语法篇专题：专题10定语从句.ppt

专题十 定语从句,用一个句子作定语，此句子叫作定语从句。定语从句位于被它修饰的名词或代词之后。被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词，引导定语从句的词叫关系词。关系词可分为关系代词（who, whom, whose, which, that)和关系副词(when, where, why) 关系词都充当从句的某个成分，它所替代的相应成分应省去。在定语从句中，当who, which, that作主语时，谓语的单复数应与先行词保持一致。 定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。非限制性定语从句与先行词的关系不如限制性定语从句与先行词的关系紧密，没有它，主句的意思也清楚，因此用逗号隔开。关系词在非限制性定语从句中的用法与在限制性定语从句中的用法基本一样。,八大关系词用法表,【考点一】考查关系词的省略 whom/which/that作定语从句的宾语时，可以省略。 The person（whom/that）they are looking for is Mr Wilde. The topic（which/that）you were talking about is related to geography. 【考点二】考查非限制性定语从句 1. 引导非限定性定语从句时，只能用 which（不用that）。除which外，还可用when，where， who（m）等关系代、副词引导非限定性定语从句。 Lisa is an amateur actress, who acted an important part in a film. This is a key senior high school, where I spent three years. Finally I decided to stay in Chong qing， where I finished my college study 2. 引导词which可以指前面整个句子的含义。 Lily stayed up late into the night, which made her mother anxious. 3. 在限定性定语从句中作宾语时，引导词可以省略，但引导非限定,性定语从句的连词不能省。 He was eager to go to the hospital to see his stepmother，whom he loved as his own mother 4. 置于句首时，非限制性定语从句只能用as引导，而置于句末时as和which都可以。但是当非限定性定语从句是否定意义时，只能用which引导。 The elephant is like a snake, as anybody can see. =As anybody can see, the elephant is like a snake. 【即学即练】 单项填空 She heard the terrible noise, _ brought her heart into her mouth A. it B. which C. this D. that 解析：选B。which指代前面的先行词 noise，引导非限定性定语从句，并在从句中作主语。 Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play，_，of course ，made the others unhappy A. who B. which C. this D. what,解析：选B。which指代前面的整个句子，引导非限制性定语从句。 _ is known to all，China will be an and powerful country in 20 or 30 yearstime. That；advancing B. This；advanced C. As；advanced D. It；advancing 解析：选C。置于句首时，非限制性定语从句只能用as引导。advanced先进的；advancing年事渐高的。 The weather turned out to be very good，_ was more than we could expect A. what B. which C. that D. if 解析：选B。句中more than的本意为“超过”，“超过了我们的预料”。which指代前面的整个句子。 【考点三】关系代词that或which指物时，宜用that而不用which的情况 1. 先行词为all, much, little, none, few, one, something, anything等不定代词时。 Is there anything (that) I can do for you, Mum?(that作宾语时可省略) I shall do all (that) I can to help you. (that I can是定语从句,修饰,all；to help you是动词不定式作目的状语) 2. 先行词被形容词最高级、序数词等修饰或被only, any, few, much, little, no, all, one of等修饰时。 Much money that had been donated was sent to the disaster area. This is the most interesting book (that) I have ever read. You are the very kind of person (that) we have been looking for. 3. 先行词是人和物共用时只能用that。 He was looking pleasantly at the children and parcels that filled his bus. The old man and his dog that live near here are strolling in the park. 4. 当主句中含有疑问词which时。 Which are the books that you bought for me? 5. 先行词在主句中作表语，或关系代词在从句中作表语时。 The village is no longer the one that was 5 years ago. China is no longer the country that it used to be. 6. 当主句是there be句型时，修饰其主语的定语从句宜用that指代物。,There is a seat in the corner that is still free. 7. 在一个句子中有两个定语从句，其中一个定语从句的关系代词用了which, 另一个定语从句的关系代词用that。 Edison built up a factory which produced things that had never been seen before. 【考点四】考查关系代词宜用which而不用that的情况 1. 在非限制性定语从句中。 Bamboo is hollow, which makes it light. 2. 在关系词前有介词时。 This is the room in which Chairman Mao once lived. 3. 当先行词本身是that时。 The clock is that which can tell us the time. 4. 当关系词离从句较远时。 Here is the English grammar which, as I have told you, will help improve your English. 5. 在一个句子中有两个定语从句，其中一个定语从句的关系代词用了that, 另一个宜用which。Let me show you the novel that I borrowed from the library which was newly open to us.,【考点五】考查关系代词who与that指人时，也有不同情况分别用不同的关系词 1. 当主句是there be句型时，关系词用who指代人。 Theres a gentleman who wants to see you. 2. 先行词为anyone, those, someone, everyone, one等词时，关系词用who。 The person I want to learn from is one who studies hard and works well. 3. 当主句是who作疑问词时，关系词用that。 Who is that girl that is standing by the window? 4. 一个句子中带有两个定语从句，其中一个定语从句的关系代词是that, 另一个宜用who以避免重复。 The student that was praised at yesterdays meeting is the monitor who is very modest and works very hard. 【考点六】考查介词提前 1. whom/which作介词的宾语时，介词可提到whom/which之前，此时whom/which不能省略，也不能用that替换。 The lady to whom you spoke last Wednesday is Pauls wife.,I have a telescope with which I can observe the stars in space. 2. 如果被提前的是一个介词短语，应把整个介词短语提前，不能拆开。如果被提前的是一个动词短语，介词不能提前。 I bought a map according to which we can find the destination. The man they referred to just now is a promising person. =The man whom/that they referred to just now is a promising person. Lei Feng，from whom we have once learned a lot，is now an example to the soldiers of West Point Military School（西点军校）of America.关系代词前的介词from，与从句的谓语动词learn构成习惯表达learn from（向学习） 【即学即练】 单项填空 In the office I never seem to have time until after 5：30 pm _，many people have gone home A. whose time B. that C. on which D. by which time 解析:选D。by which time即by“after 5：30”“到五点三十分以后”。介词的选择取决于这个介词与先行词或从句之间的关系。,【考点七】关系副词与关系代词的转换 1. where = in/at + which The Bermuda Triangle (which/that) many ships disappeared in is a mysterious place. =The Bermuda Triangle in which /where many ships disappeared is a mysterious place. 2. when=in/on/at/during + which The time (which/that) the football match begins at is eight oclock. =The time at which/when the football match begins is eight oclock. 3. whose=of which/whom+the+物/人=the+物/人+of which/whom of which/whom前还可以加形容词最高级、数词、不定代词等。 Tibet, whose scenery is rather unique, is a summer resort. =Tibet, of which the scenery/the scenery of which is rather unique, is a summer resort.,The tourists, of whom the eldest is 70 /the eldest of whom is 70, are from Singapore. I saw three films this month, two of which were very interesting. 4. why = for which The reason (which/that) hes absent from the meeting for is not clear. =The reason for which /why hes absent from the meeting is not clear. 【即学即练】 单项填空 After living in Paris for 50 years he returned to the small town _ he grew up as a child A. which B. where C. that D. when 解析：选B。因为表地点的先行词the small town在从句中作状语；当表地点的先行词在从句中作主、宾、表语时，则要用that或which引导定语从句。 I shall never forget the years I lived in the countryside with the farmers， has a great effect on my life. A. that；which B. when；which C. which；that D. when；who,解析：选B。when在定语从句中作时间状语；which引导非限制性定语从句。 【考点八】分裂式定语从句 定语从句被一个词、短语等与先行词隔开时，叫分裂式定语从句。为避免头重脚轻，可把修饰主语的定语从句置于谓语之后。 I bought a house with a garden in front, where I can grow flowers.(定语从句被介词短语in front与先行词隔开) Do you remember the snowy night ten years ago when I got here?(定语从句被词组ten years ago与先行词隔开) 【考点九】than/but/as作关系代词的用法 1. 先行词有比较级修饰时用than；先行词有否定词修饰时用but，表示双重否定，此时的but = who/which/that.not. My mother always gives me more money than is needed.(than作定语从句主语) This year, the farmers have harvested more grain than was expected. (than作定语从句主语) There is not a student but wants to go to university. =There is not a student who/that doesnt want to go to,university.(but作定语从句主语) 2. 先行词有下列词修饰时只能用as, 如：as.as；so.as；such.as；the same+ 名词+as。 You can buy as many books as you want in this bookstore. (as作want的宾语) Such computers as are used in our office are made in South Korea.(as作定语从句的主语) This jewel is the same one as I showed you the other day. (as作showed的直接宾语) This jewel is the same one that I showed you the other day.(that作showed的直接宾语） 请注意“the same + 名词 + as”与“the same + 名词 + that”的区别。,定语从句是高中阶段的重点语法项目之一。因此，有必要全面弄清其用法。定语从句从句型上讲，它与六种句式相似，十分容易混淆。为了分清定语从句与这六种句型的差异，现将其分类例析如下。 【难点一】定语从句与并列句 用一个恰当的词完成下列句子，使之完整、正确 Mr Li has three daughters，none of _ is an engineer Mr Li has three daughters，but none of _ is a dancer Mr Li has three daughters；_ are doctors 解析：定语从句与并列句的主要区别在于：并列句有像and，but，so等并列连词或两个句子用分号连接，这时就不能再用引导定语从句的关系词了。从结构上看:小题是定语从句，故填whom；小题有并列连词but，是并列句，故填代词 them；小题是两个并列分句，无需连接词，缺少主语，故填none或they。 【难点二】定语从句与地点状语从句,用一个恰当的词完成下列句子，使之完整、正确。 Rice doesnt grow well _ there is not enough water I still remember the farm _ my parents worked ten years ago 解析：定语从句与地点状语从句的主要区别在于：定语从句有表示地点的先行词，而地点状语从句则没有；定语从句的关系词根据需要可用“介词which”来代替where，而地点状语从句则通常只能由 where引导。因此，从结构上看:小题无表示地点的先行词，故为表示地点的状语从句，填where；小题中the farm是先行词，是定语从句，故填where，此处 where可用on which替换。 【难点三】定语从句与强调句 用一个恰当的词完成下列句子，使之完整、正确 It is on the morning of May 1st _I met Liang Wei at the airport It is the factory _ Mr Wang works 解析：定语从句与强调句的主要区别在于：强调句的结构为“It iswas被强调部分that从句”。被强调部分可以是除谓语以外的任何成分，当被强调部分是人时，还可用who代替that。这一,句型中，一定不能因为被强调部分是表时间或地点的词就用when或where代 替 that。从结构上看，小题是强调句，故填 that。此种情况检测的标准是：先把强调句中的It iswas.that去掉，再把被强调部分还原，在不增加或减少任何单词的情况下，如句子仍然成立则为强调句，否则为定语从句。可将第小题改为：I met Liang Wei on the morning of May 1st at the airport显然，这句话是正确的，故为强调句。小题则是定语从句，用上述方法转换便知the factory前缺少个介词in，故填 where。 【难点四】定语从句与结果状语从句 用一个恰当的词完成下列句子，使之完整、正确 I have the same computer _ you have She is such a kind and funny girl _ all of us like to make friends with her 解析：定语从句与结果状语从句的主要区别在于（这里只讨论the same.asthat和such.as/that两种情况）：在这两种情况下，如果asthat既引导从句，同时又在从句中充当一定的成分，则asthat引导的是定语从句。在the sameasthat结构中，用as指一样,的，但不是同一个事物；用that指同一物品，故小题填as；如果asthat在从句中不作任何成分，只起连接作用，则asthat引导的是结果状语从句，故小题填that。 【难点五】定语从句与单句 用一个恰当的词完成下列句子，使之完整、正确 The mother told the lazy boy to work，_ didnt help The mother told the lazy boy to work_ didnt help 解析：含有定语从句的复合句与两个单句的主要区别在于：前者有主句，有从句，必须有关系词；而后者则是两个单独的句子，不需要任何关联词。小题两个句子用逗号连接且没有并列连词，显然应是主从句关系，因此需用关系词 which，前面整个句子作先行词；小题则填It，代替前面的整个句子。解题时，注意标点符号的运用。,2013高考真题 【2013北京】27. Many countries are now setting up national parks animals and plants can be protected. A. when B. which C. whose D. where 1【答案】D 【解析】考查定语从句。定语从句中不缺少主干成分，故使用关系副词；先行词指地点，故选where。 【2013福建】27. The book tells stories of the earthquake through the eyes of those _ lives were affected. A. whose B. that C. who D. which 2【答案】A 【解析】考查定语从句。其中those作为先行词，定语从句中缺少lives的定语，故用whose。 【2013湖南】21. Happiness and success often come to those _ are good at recognizing their own strengths. A. whom B. who C. what D. which 3【答案】B 【解析】考查定语从句。先行词为those，指人；定语从句中缺少主语，故使用关系代词who。,【2013江苏】32. The president of the World Bank says he has a passion for China, he remembers starting as early as his childhood. A. where B. which C. what D. when 4【答案】B 【解析】考查定语从句。先行词为passion，定语从句中缺少宾语，故用关系代词which。 【2013江西】33. He wrote a letter _ he explains what had happened in the accident. A. what B. which C. where D. how 5【答案】C 【解析】考查定语从句。先判断从句类型为定语从句，定语从句中谓语explain后接what引导的宾语从句作宾语，因此不缺少主干成分，排除B项，答案为C。如果该题用 in which也是可以的。 【2013辽宁】34. He may win the competition, _ he is likely to get into the national team. A. in which case B. in that case C. in what case D. in whose case 6【答案】A 【解析】考查定语从句。两分句间无连词，故排除B项（不能用作连词，in this/ that case不能引导定语从句）。此处which指代前面主句，in which case引导定语从句用语替代并列句中的in this/ that case。句意为：他可能赢得这场比赛，如果这样的话，他就可能进入国家队。,【2013山东】31. There is no simple answer, _ is often the case in science. A. as B. that C. when D. where 7【答案】A 【解析】考查定语从句。此处as引导定语从句指代整个主句内容，含有“正如”之意，定语从句部分译为“在科学上这是常有的事”。 【2013山东】35. Finally he reached a lonely island _ was completely cut off from the outside world. A. when B. where C. which D. whom 8【答案】C 【解析】考查定语从句。句意为：最后他到达一个完全与世隔绝的孤岛。定语从句中缺少主语，因此使用关系代词；先行词island指物，故使用关系代词which. 【2013陕西】16. is often the case with children, Amy was better by the time the doctor arrived. A. It B. That C. What D. As 9【答案】D 【解析】考查定语从句。此处as引导的定语从句位于主句之前，指代整个主句内容。意为：正如孩子们常有的情况一样，医生到的时候Amy就好了。,【2013四川】9. Nowadays people are more concerned about the environment _ they live. A. what B. which C. when D. where 10【答案】D 【解析】考查定语从句。此处先判断从句类型为定语从句，先行词为the environment，定语从句中live为不及物动词，因此不缺少主干成分，应填关系副词；且先行词environment指地点，故用where，相当于in which。 【2013天津】6. We have launched another man-made satellite, is announced in todays newspaper. A. that B. which C. who D. what 11【答案】B 【解析】考查定语从句。此处关系代词which指代整个主句引导非限制性定语从句。翻译为：我们又发射了一颗人造卫星，这是在今天的报纸上宣布的。故答案选B。 【2013新课标II卷】4. When I arrived, Bryan took me to see the house_ I would be staying. A. what B. when C. where D. which 12【答案】C 【解析】考查定语从句。定语从句中stay为不及物动词，故不缺主干成分，用关系副词；先行词为house，指地点，故用关系副词where。,【2013新课标I卷】33.”You cant judge a book by its cover,” . A. as the saying goes old B. goes as the old saying C. as the old saying goes D. goes as old the saying 13【答案】C 【解析】考查定语从句。考查as引导的定语从句，意为：正如古语所说。 【2013浙江】5. The children, _ had played the whole day long, were worn out. A. all of what B. all of which C. all of them D. all of whom 14【答案】D 【解析】考查定语从句。先判断为定语从句，先行词为children，故答案为D。 【2013浙江】13. The museum will open in the spring with an exhibition and a viewing platform _ visitors can watch the big glasshouses being built. A. what B. where C. when D. why 15【答案】B 【解析】考查定语从句。定语从句中不缺少主干成分，且先行词platform指地点，故用where。,【2013重庆】24. John invited about 40 people to his wedding, most of are family members. A them B. that C. which D. whom 16【答案】D 【解析】考查定语从句。先行词为40 people，定语从句中缺少主语，故使用whom。介词之后不能用that，应予以排除；which指先行词为物；them为人称代词，应用于并列句中。 【2013安徽】29. Mo Yan was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 2012, made one of the Chinese peoples long-held dreams come true. A. it B. that C. what D. which 17【答案】D 【解析】考查定语从句。此处which指代前面整个主句内容引导非限制性定语从句。句意：莫言2012年被授予诺贝尔奖，使中国长期以来的梦想之一成为现实。,2010年全国高考真题 1. As a child, Jack studied in a village school, _ is named after his grandfather.(2010全国I) A. which B. where C. what D. that 解析：选A。定语从句所修饰的先行词是school，它在定语从句中作主语，因此使用关系代词，选项中的关系代词只有which和that，由于是非限制性定语从句，不能使用that，因此选择A。 2. I refuse to accept the blame for something _ was someone elses fault. (2010全国) A. who B. that C. as D. what 解析：选B。不定代词something作主语，用that引导。 3. Stephen Hawking believes that the earth is unlikely to be the only planet _ life has developed gradually. （2010福建） A. that B. where C. which D. whose 解析：选B。先行词为planet，表示地点，故用where。,4. Ive become good friends with several of the students in my school _I met in the English speech contest last year. (2010湖南) who B. where C. when D. Which 解析：选A。先行词是前句中的students，在定语从句中是met之后的宾语，student指人，又作了宾语，所以选who（也可以是that 或者可以省略）。 5. The girl arranged to have piano lessons at the training centre with her sister _ she would stay for an hour. (2010江西) A. where B. who C. which D. what 解析：选A。先行词为centre, she would stay for an hour 不缺少宾语或主语, 故要填状语, 表地点用where。 6. Children who are not active or _ diet is high in fat will gain weight quickly. (2010北京) A. what B. whose C. which D. that 解析：选B。第二个定语从句中的主语与先行词children之间是所属关系，故选B。A项中的what不能引导定语从句。 7. Thats the new machine _ parts are too small to be seen. (2010山东),A. that B. which C. whose D. what 解析：选C。空格处引导定语从句并且在从句中作定语使用，所以使用whose。 8. The old temple _ roof was damaged in storm is now under repair. (2010陕西) A. where B. which C. its D. whose 解析：选D。先行词是the old temple，关系词在从句中作roof的定语，用关系代词whose，选D。其余选项与题意不符。 9. After graduating from college，I took some time off to go traveling，_ turned out to be a wise decision. (2010四川) A. that B. which C. when D. where 解析：选B。此处应为which引导的非限制性定语从句，which代替前边整个句子。 10. Can you believe I had to pay 30 dollars for a haircut? You should try the barbers _ I go. Its only 15.(2010天津) A. as B. which C. where D. that 解析：选C。句中the barbers 是先行词，从句中go 是不及物动词，所选关系词在从句中作状语，所以要用where。,11. The settlement is home to nearly 1,000 people, many of _left their village homes for a better life in the city. (2010浙江) whom B. which C. them D. Those 解析：选A。由many之前的逗号和选项特征，此处是主从句关系，排除C、D两项。由于先行词是“1,000 people”，表示人，故用whom。 12. In China, the number of cities is increasing _ development is recognized across the world. (2010重庆) A. where B. which C. whose D. that 解析：选C。development与先行词cities之间是所属关系，所以选whose。 13. The newly-built caf, the walls of _ are painted light green, is really a peaceful place for us, especially after hard work.（2010江苏） A. that B. it C. what D. which 解析：选D。定语从句中的主语表示的是“