语法难点评讲虚拟语气.ppt

语法难点评讲-虚拟语气,非真实条件从句中的虚拟语气,应用外语系 廖芳,Subjunctive Mood,Brief Introduction:,虚拟语气 表示所说的话只是一种主观的愿望、 假想和建议等;或者表示所说的话与事实相反 或实现可能性很小。,Examples:,We only wish we could help. If there were no gravity, we should not be able to walk. He suggests that we (should) all go to see the film.,虚拟语气在非真实条件从句中的用法,注意！ 条件句有真实条件句与非真实条件句两种。 真实条件句所说的话是可能发生或实现的。句中的 从句与主句皆用直陈语气。 而非真实条件从句所说的话是不可能或不大可能发 生或实现的，条件从句与结果主句都要用虚拟语气,真实条件从句： I will go to study abroad if I am offered a scholarship. Our eyes feel tired if we keep watching.,非真实条件从句： If I had Marys address, I would write to her. If I were you, I would study much harder.,图示非真实条件从句中的虚拟语气,细说,1、如果没有水，地球上就不会有生命。,与现在情况相反,If there were no water, there would be no life on the earth.,2、如果你接受了我的建议，你就不会犯这样的错误。,与过去情况相反,You would not have made such a mistake if you had taken my advice.,3、如果明天下雨的话，我们就不出去。,对将来情况的假设,If it should/were to rain tomorrow we would stay at home.,More Examples:,If he _ here now, he would not let her go. A. have B.be C.were D.will be,C,2. He _ early if he might come. Would have done B. would come C. Came D. comes,B,3. If he _ ill and missed many classes, he would have Made greater progress. A. Were not ill B.had not been C. Would not D.was not,B,4. If he _ tomorrow, I should give him the dictionary he needs. comes B.should come C. Would come D.will come,B,_ I you, I would do more practice after class. A.was B.am C.be D.were,2. Should the job be too difficult, you _ for help. A.can ask B.ask C.will ask D.could ask,Tips: 如果条件从句中的谓语动词为were或含有助动词had，should时，可将 连词省略，而把were，had，或should移到主语之前。,More examples: 3. _ today, he would get there Friday. A.Was he leaving B.If he leaves C.Were he to leave D.If he is leaving,4. Had electronic computers not been invented, many problems of space flight _. A.Could not have been solved B.Could not be solved C.Can not have solved D.Could not have solved,D,D,C,A,_ your assistance, we might finish the plan earlier. A. If B. With C. Without D. Under,2.But for their common efforts, they _ so much in their research. A.Could not have achieved B. can not have achieved C.Can not achiev D. did not achieve,Tips: 有时虚拟语气不用条件从句而用介词，如without，but for，but that (=IF HAD NOT) 等引起的短语或由连词but，supposing，副词otherwise 等表示。,3.Supposing he never _. What would happen then? A.Came B.come C.would come D.will come,4. He was very busy; otherwise, he _ to the meeting. A.Would come B.came C.would have come D.should come,5._ your cooperation, our result wouldnt have been so good. A.But B.for C.but for D.if for,B,A,A,C,C,! 有时候条件从句的动作和主句中的动作不是发生在同一时间，称之为综合条件 虚拟语气。此时应根据句中给出的时间提示采用不同的动词形式。,Examples: If you had listened to me, you would not be in such trouble now.如果你当时听了我的话，现在就不会遇到这种麻烦。,2.If I had been shown the laboratory, I _ able to give a better description of it now. A.Should be B. will be C.Be D.should have been,3.If you had taken your medicine yesterday, you _ well now. A.Are B.had been C.would be D.were,4. We _ in such a difficult position if we had taken his Advice before. Are not B.were not C.wouldnt be D.will not be,A,C,C,! 当主句谓语动词为suggest，advise，insist，order， demand，propose,require等表示愿望，建议，命令的动词时， 后面的宾语从句要用虚拟语气。 其结构为should + 动词原形，should可以省略。,Examples: 1.His doctor suggested he _ a leave of absence. A.Will take B.would take C.take D.took,2.The managers propose that wages _. Would be raised B.were raised C. Would have been raised D.be raised,3.His English teacher recommends that he _a regular degree program. A.Begin B.begins C.Will begin D.is begining,C,D,A,Wish 与虚拟语气,1.表示过去的愿望：wish that + 主语 + had +过去分词 或者 wish that + 主语+ could/would + have + 过去分词 e.g. I wish I could have finished writing the book report yesterday. But I was too busy.,2. 表示现在的愿望：wish that + 主语 + 动词过去式（be用were） e.g. I wish our views were not so far apart.,3. 表示将来的愿望：wish that + 主语 + would /could + 动词原形 e.g. He wishes he would have enough money to pay a travel.,! 在it is + adj/过去分词 + that 句型中，如果形容词或者过去分词为 necessary，important，suggested，ordered时，that从句中 谓语为should+动词原形。Should可以省略。,It is necessary that an efficient worker _his work on time. A.Finishes B.can finish C.finish D.has finished,2. It was ordered that no smoking _in the library. A.Is allowed B.be allowed C.should allowed D.will be allowed,3. It is important that he _ his reservation before Friday. A.Will confirm B.confirms C.Confirm D.must confirm,4. It is strange that he _ so. A.Would say B.would speak C.Should say D.will speak,C,B,C,C,其它使用虚拟语气的结构,It is (about) time (that) + 主语 + 过去式 意思是“该做了”，表示早该做而还未做的事，有建议的意思。其中 Should不省略。 e.g. It is high time we went to work. =It is high time we should go to work.,2. 虚拟语气用于would /had rather, would as soon, would