P4P 可持续发展的必由之路.ppt

P4P：P2P产业可持续发展的必经之路,谢海永 博士，首席研究员 美国分布式计算工业联盟(DCIA) P4P工作组 (P4P Working Group) ,09/25/2008,P4P、 P2P、BT互联网视频产业研讨会,2,Outline,Problem Statement Requirements and Challenges The P4P Framework Objective Architecture Performance P4P Working Group History, Structure Next Steps,09/25/2008,P4P、 P2P、BT互联网视频产业研讨会,3,P2P Bandwidth Usage,CacheLogic Research Internet Protocol Breakdown 1993 - 2006,Traffic Up to 60-70% of Internet traffic is contributed by P2P applications CacheLogic Random peering causes traffic spread across PoPs and domains Problems Increased network resource usage (e.g., using bandwidth of more links) Increased network operational costs Degraded performance of other applications,09/25/2008,P4P、 P2P、BT互联网视频产业研讨会,4,The battle results in a lose-lose situation,Bandwidth Battle,ISPs Approaches Upgrade network infrastructure Deploy P2P caching devices Terminate user connectivity Rate-limit P2P traffic ,P2P Countermeasures Use random ports Hide by using well-known ports Encrypt traffic ,Government Network Neutrality,09/25/2008,P4P、 P2P、BT互联网视频产业研讨会,5,The Fundamental Problem,Traditional ISP feedback/controls to application traffic: Routing Rate control through congestion feedback (e.g., packet loss) These are ineffective for P2P P2P traffic is highly dynamic and scattered, due to dynamic, unguided (network-oblivious) peer selection Need a mechanism for ISPs to communicate with P2P about network structure and policies,09/25/2008,P4P、 P2P、BT互联网视频产业研讨会,Solution: 堙堵 or 疏导 ？,问题：当尧之时，天下犹未平。洪水横流，泛滥于天下。草木畅茂，禽兽繁殖。禽兽逼人，兽蹄鸟迹之道交于中国 方法一：堙堵。鲧堙洪水，汨陈其五行。帝乃震怒，不畀其洪范九畴，彝伦攸。鲧则殛死，禹乃嗣兴 方法二：疏导。禹疏九河，沦济漯而注诸海，决汝汉排淮泗而注之江，然后中国可得而食也。当是时也，禹八年于外，三过家门而不入，虽欲耕，得乎,09/25/2008,P4P、 P2P、BT互联网视频产业研讨会,7,Solution Requirements & Challenges,Efficiency ISPs: better network utilization P2Ps: higher performance End-users: better experiences Nation: less expenses in upgrading infrastructure,09/25/2008,P4P、 P2P、BT互联网视频产业研讨会,8,Solution Requirements & Challenges,Extensibility Universally applicable to most P2P architectures Tracker-based and trackerless P2P systems Easily extensible to handle application-specific requirements File sharing vs. streaming, Commercial vs. non-commercial Allow easy entry of new applications,09/25/2008,P4P、 P2P、BT互联网视频产业研讨会,9,Solution Requirements & Challenges,Scalability Support a large number of P2P users and networks in dynamic settings Support fine-grained feedbacks among ISPs and P2Ps,09/25/2008,P4P、 P2P、BT互联网视频产业研讨会,10,Solution Requirements & Challenges,Economics Allow profit for both ISPs and P2Ps sustainable economical growth Allow equal power in the eco-system sustainable technological innovation Allow competitions, prevent monopoly,09/25/2008,P4P、 P2P、BT互联网视频产业研讨会,11,Solution Requirements & Challenges,Privacy Preserve ISPs sensitive information Preserve P2Ps private information Session, content user IDs, user behaviors,09/25/2008,P4P、 P2P、BT互联网视频产业研讨会,12,Standardization,Standardization should take into account Sufficient space for economical growth ISPs can recover from financial loss P2P can fairly and efficiently utilize the network while being independent Sufficient space for evolution of Internet technologies Both ISPs and P2Ps can form and pursue their own technology paths Encouraging fast adoption Allowing and encouraging competition,09/25/2008,P4P、 P2P、BT互联网视频产业研讨会,13,P4P,“Proactive Provider Participation in P2P” Partnership among ISPs and P2P networks Framework for explicit communications among ISPs and P2P networks “Pay for Performance” Providers expose capabilities to serve demands of P2P networks P2P vendors maintain competitive advantages,09/25/2008,P4P、 P2P、BT互联网视频产业研讨会,14,P4P Objectives,A framework to enable better ISP and P2P coordination Guided network utilization benefits both sides Improve throughput / performance to P2P users Allow ISPs to better manage networks Reduce number of links transited by content Push traffic from undesirable (expensive) links to more desirable (inexpensive) links Reduce the need for upgrading infrastructure, control financial costs,09/25/2008,P4P、 P2P、BT互联网视频产业研讨会,15,Edge Network,Regional Routers,Internet Transit,NETWORK AWARE P2P will reduce costs, improve performance,Traditional CDN,P2P,More Viewers = Better performance Lower cost,More Viewers = Worse performance Higher cost,P4P Enables Efficient Delivery,P4P,09/25/2008,P4P、 P2P、BT互联网视频产业研讨会,ISP A,P4P SAP,P4P Architecture,Providers Publish information via P4P Service Access Point (SAP) Applications Query information via P4P SAPs Adapt themselves accordingly,ISP B,P4P SAP,09/25/2008,P4P、 P2P、BT互联网视频产业研讨会,17,P4P: ISP Benefits,Industry Solution Create cooperative win-win solutions to an industry issue Solve the problem before we have to cope with the problem Carrier-Grade P2P Opportunity for new services What if fastest path from A to B is P2P?,09/25/2008,P4P、 P2P、BT互联网视频产业研讨会,P4P Benefits: Reduce Transit Cost,从外部流入网络的流量降低73% 从外部流出网络的流量降低54%,无P4P优化,P4P优化,09/25/2008,P4P、 P2P、BT互联网视频产业研讨会,19,P4P: P2P Benefits,P2P Applications with P4P benefits Improve P2P application performance Video continuity of streaming Faster downloads for users Decrease incentives for ISPs to “manage” P2P traffic,09/25/2008,P4P、 P2P、BT互联网视频产业研讨会,P4P Benefits: Improve Download Rates,所有用户：P4P提高P2P文件下载速度达40%。 宽带用户：P4P提高P2P文件下载速度达300-500%。,09/25/2008,P4P、 P2P、BT互联网视频产业研讨会,21,P4P极大改善网络效率,未使用P4P优化,使用P4P技术优化,P4P Benefits: Summary,09/25/2008,P4P、 P2P、BT互联网视频产业研讨会,P4P Working Group: History,06/2006 12/2006 Dr. Xie initiated and proposed P4P, laid the theoretical foundations, and evaluated its effectiveness 05/2007 Dr. Xie presented P4P results in a P2P conference in New York City 07/2007 Dr. Xie initiated the P4P Working Group (P4PWG) with Laird Popkin and Doug Pasko 1st P4PWG meeting was held in New York City 08/2007 12/2007 Expanding P4PWG coverage to telcos, P2Ps, content providers, router vendors, etc 01/2008 04/2008 Dr. Xie initiated and led 1st large-scale field test, w/ Pando, Telefonica & Verizon. Verizon/Telefonica/Pando press-released results and announced support for P4P P4P and the results were being reported in world-wide press 06/2007 08/2008 Dr. Xie et al. initiated and led 2nd large-scale field tests,09/25/2008,P4P、 P2P、BT互联网视频产业研讨会,P4P Working Group: Structure,DCIA,P4P工作组,联席主席,首席研究员,Telco sub-group,Wireless sub-group,Hardware sub-group,Live P2P sub-group,Spec sub-group,09/25/2008,P4P、 P2P、BT互联网视频产业研讨会,AT&T Bezeq Intl BitTorrent Cisco Systems Comcast Grid Networks Joost,LimeWire Manatt Oversi Pando Networks PeerApp Solid State Telefonica Group,Velocix VeriSign Verizon Vuze University of Toronto Univ of Washington Yale University,Abacast AHT Intl AjauntySlant Akamai Alcatel Lucent CableLabs Cablevision Comcast Cox Comm Exa Networks,Cisco Juniper Networks Huawei Microsoft Level 3 Communications Limelight Networks NBC Universal Nokia Orange 21ViaNet,RawFlow RSUC/GweepNet SaskTel Solana Networks Speakeasy Network Stanford University Thomson Time Warner Cable Turner Broadcasting UCLA,24,P4P Working Group: Members,09/25/2008,P4P、 P2P、BT互联网视频产业研讨会,Next Steps,Production deployment of P4P OptiNetworks On-going trials File sharing: Pando and Solid State Networks Streaming: Abacast and Livestation IETF standardization,09/25/2008,P4P、 P2P、BT互联网视频产业研讨会,互联网P2P优化管理 标准体系,侯自强,P2P优化管理标准体系,P2P优化管理标准结构,两个层面、三个阶段 全面覆盖P2P管理需求,标准意义,通过标准和自律的形式，调和产业链中现有矛盾，变恶性循环为良性循环，创造多赢的产业环境，推动中国互联网应用技术快速发展。 为将来国家更好的实现对互联网的管理和利用，提供基础技术保障和标准支撑。 利用标准力量，化解矛盾，构建和谐！,标准推进方式,自下而上，抓住产业链核心矛盾，提炼共性需求，优化产业环境的同时满足政府管理需求 P2P优化管理标准前期将依托互联网协会，联合网络运营商、P2P应用服务商、内容提供商，以行业自律的方式推进，优化产业环境，推动产业健康发展。 未来计划与国家相关部门合作，利用行业自律形成的基础，为政府治理互联网提供有力的技术支撑手段。,设计原则,轻量化 应保持原有P2P协议不变 支持管理和不支持管理的客户端之间互通不受影响 灵活性 应支持运营商根据需求和成本，灵活调整部署方案 应支持peer引导、流量代理、流量缓存等多种流量优化功能 应支持自治域的分级管理，协助P2P厂商分级别、分层次管理peer的互联行为 私密性 P2P厂商不需要开放其私有协议细节给运营商 运营商不需要直接开放其拓扑信息给P2P厂商 开放性 应支持普适性系统框架，可支持各种不同类型的P2P协议 应支持标准化设备在网络中的即插即用和自动发现，避免复杂配置 全面性 应支持形成覆盖全互联网的整体管理方案 低成本 应支持较低的系统部署成本和渐进式的实施方案,Domain Detecting Protocol (DDP),支持自治域发现与优化的P2P管理协议DDP 一套轻量级的协议流程 附加于现有P2P协议，不改变原有协议 一套开放式的系统框架 自动发现、即插即用，以P2P厂商与运营商协同的方式运行 一套标准化的管理接口 支持基于内容、用户、区域的流量及内容管理 一套全局化的互联标准 支持跨域组网和互联，提供全网优化管理支撑,DDP系统组成,PPR（P2P流量重定向实体，P2P Redirector） 部署在运营商自治域内部 维护所在域的拓扑信息，并通过标准化的接口及协议，引导域内P2P客户端优化互联 通过标准化的接口及协议，管理所在域内存在的P2P代理缓存设备 PPC（P2P缓存代理实体，P2P Cache） 部署在运营商自治域内部 在PPR的管理下，实现P2P协议的代理或者缓存功能,利用DDP实现单域P2P流量管理,城域网,Internet,P2P用户,DDP控制信令,P2P协议,PPR,PPC,,DNS,利用DDP实现全局分级P2P流量管理,城域网,PPR,,PPR,,PPR,,DNS,利用DDP实现单域P2P内容监控,城域网,Internet,PPR,PPC,,利用DDP实现全局P2P内容监管,Internet,PPR实现,Peer Exchange Optimizer,Interface to PPC,PPR功能 维护由运营商提供的本域拓扑信息 收集所有上级PPR地址信息，形成层次结构并向用户返回 对外