英语第二讲

新编人教版七年级英语（上）第二讲（Starter Unit 1-Unit 2）叶常姓名：一朗读和背诵Unit1-Unit2的英语单词；朗读和背诵课文s3的3a、3c和3d；朗读和背诵课文s5的1a: s7的3b和3e（同学们在来培训处之前就要先背诵好这些英语单词和课文，以备听写和默写，听写或默写不出来的同学在放学后要留下来重新听写）。二学习Unit1-Unit2的英语单词并完成下列相关练习（空白处是学生在学习过程中就要完成的）。（一）在英语中，一天24小时可分为5个时间段，即：morning（早上,上午）， noon（正午），afternoon（下午）， evening（傍晚）， night（夜晚）。一般来说，morning, afternoon, evening这三个单词的介词要用in, 即：in the morning（在早上，在上午）；in the afternoon（在下午）； in the evening（在傍晚），如：I get up early _ the morning and go to bed early _ the evening. 而noon, night的介词用at, 即：at night在夜晚；at noon在正午，如：Do you do your homework _ noon or _ night? 但是当morning, afternoon, evening, noon, night前面或后面有修饰语时，介词就要用on, 不用in或at，如：(1) She often reads books _ the morning, but _ Sunday morning she plays basketball. (2) I do my homework _ night, but _ Saturday night I watch TV. (3) What do you do _ the afternoon of Sunday? (4) She comes to our hometown _ a cold night. （二）good, fine, OK都可表示“好的”，但用法有区别：1、good常指人的品行好或事物的质地好，如：Alice is a _ girl. 2、Fine常指身体状况好或天气状况好，如：(1) How are you? Im _, thanks. (2) Today it is _, lets go hiking.（我们去春游！）。 2、OK表示身体好，相当于“fine, well” ，OK也可表示赞同别人的观点或提议，相当于All right, 表示“好吧，可以”， 如：(1) How are you? Im _ ( _, very _). (2) Lets go home. _ ( _ _). （三）evening表示“傍晚”，是指晚上六点到八点之间；night表示“夜晚”，指晚上八点到十二点；所以Good evening是晚上刚见面时的问候语，表示“晚上好，你好”，答语也用“Good evening”; Good night是晚上睡觉前的告别语，不是问候语，表示“晚安”，答语也用“Good night”，如：(1) A: Good evening. B: _. (2) A: _. B: Good night. （四）how是疑问副词，表示“如何，怎么样”，可用来问身体状况怎么样或做事的方式如何，如：(1) A: _ are you? B: Im very well. (2) A: _ do you spell it? B: M-A-P, map. （五）am, is, are都表示“是”，在英语中被称为BE动词，但它们要用于不同的人称和数：第一人称单数主语I（我）用am, 第二人称单、复数主语you（你、你们）用are, 第三人称单数主语他(he)，她(she)，它(it)都用is, 而所有复数主语we（我们），you（你们），they（他们、她们、它们）都用are. 即：我（I）用am, 你(you)用are, is跟着他(he)她(she)它(it)，单数名词用is，复数名词作全用are，如：(1) A: How _ you? B: I _ OK. (2) Alice _ a good girl, she _ a student. (3) Bob and Cindy _ fine, they _ good friends. (4) Eric _ a boy, he _ very well. （六）thank是动词,表示 “感谢”,后面要接某人(you),不可单独使用. Thanks是名词,后面不可接某人,常常单独使用, Thanks =Thank you, 表示 “谢谢你”,如: (1) A: How are you? B: Im very well, _ ( _ you). (2) A: Your English is very good. B: _ you. ( _). 练习一：选择最佳答案或完成句型转换，一空一词。1. 用介词in, on, at填空：(1) I read my English book _ the morning and _ the evening, but I play basketball _ Sunday morning and I watch TV _ the evening of Saturday. (2) I do my homework _ night, but I read a book _ Sunday night. (3) The cat comes to my home _ a warm night. ( )2. A: Your English is very _. B: _ you very much. A. well, Thank B. good, Thanks C. good, Thank D. fine, Thank. ( )3. A. How _ you? B: I am _, thanks. A. is, fine. B. are, fine. C. are, good. D. am, OK. ( )4. A: How _ your mother? B: She is _, thank you. A. are, OK B. is, good C. are, fine. D. is, OK. ( )5. A: How _ you? B: Im very well, _. A. are, thanks. B. are, thanks you. C. are, thank. D. is, good morning. P1。( )6. A: Your dress is very good. B: _. A. Dont say so. B. No, it isnt. C. Thanks D. Thanks you. ( )7. A: Lets go to school. B: _. A. Thank you B. OK C. Good morning D. Im fine. ( )8. A: Good morning. B: _. A. Hi B. Good afternoon. C. Morning. D. Goodbye. ( )9. A: Good evening. B: _. A. Good night. B. Good morning C. Good afternoon. D. Good evening. ( )10. A. Good night. B: _. A. Good evening. B. Good morning C. Good afternoon. D. Good night. ( )11. A: _ do you spell this word? B: P-E-N, pen. A. What B. How C. Where D. /( )12. A: _ is your father? B: He is very well. A. What B. Where C. When D. How. ( )13. I _ a boy. Helen and Grace _ girls. A. am, is B. am, are C. is, are D. are, are. ( )14. Frank and I _ boys, we _ friends. A. am, are. B. are, am C. are, are. D. is, are. （七）what 是疑问代词，表示“什么”，可用来问某事物或人的姓名，如：(1) A: _ is this in English? B: Its a pen. (2) A: _ your name? B: My names Alice. （八）this这，这个；that那，那个；它们都是指示代词，用来指代某人或某物，如：(1) A: Whos that? B: Thats Helen. (2) A: Whats this? B: Its a cup. 但this是指代较近的人或物，that指代较远的人或物，它们指物时，人称代词要用it, 并且疑问句中要用it来进行回答，不用this, that进行回答，如：(1) A: Whats this in English? B: _ a key. (2) A: Whats _ in English over there (那边)？B: _ a map. 它们在指人时，在疑问句中可用this, that进行回答，如：A: Whos that? B: Thats my teacher, Miss Gao. （九）in 是介词，可表示“用语言，用材料”，表示“用语言”时，后面要直接接表示语言的单词，如：_ English用英语，_ Chinese用汉语；表示“用材料”时，这种材料在使用过程中会消耗，如：_a pencil 用铅笔。但“用钢笔”不用in, 而用with，因为钢笔在使用过程中不消耗，如：with a pen用钢笔。 介词in也可表示“在里面”，后接表示地名的名词，如：_ Shanghai在上海， _ China在中国。（十）key 表示“钥匙”，也可表示“答案”，介词用to，如：a key to the door门的钥匙，a key tothe question问题的答案. （十一）a, an都是不定冠词，用于单数名词前面，都表示“一个（块，张，只，支）”，但a要用于辅音音素开头的单词前面，如：_ map一张地图，_ book一本书。An要用于元音音素开头的单词前面，如：_ orange一个橘子，_ English book一本英语书。 注意：以元音字母开头的单词，其首字母发音并非都是元音音素；以辅音字母开头的单词，其首字母发音也并非都是辅音音素，如：a useful book一本有用的书，an hour一个小时。（十二）English可用作形容词，表示“英语的，英国的”，也可作名词，表示“英语”，但不可表示“英国人”，所以表示“我是英国人”要说 I am English.表示“我是英国的”，即我是有英国国籍的人，不可说“I am an English”. 练习二：选择最佳答案或完成句型转换，一空一词。( )1. A: _ this in English? B: _ a ruler. A. What, It. B. Whats, Its C. Hows, Its. D. Whats, This is. ( )2. A. _ your mother? B: _ fine, thanks. A. Hows, Shes B. How, She. C. Whats, Shes. D. Whats, Thats ( )3. A: Whats _ over there? B: _ an apple. A. this, Its B. that, Its C. this, This is. D. that, Thats. P2。( )4. A: Whats this in English? B: _ an egg. A. It B. Its C. This is D. Thats ( )5. A: Whos _ man over there? B: _ my uncle, Mr Lee. A. this, Its B. that, Its C. that, Thats D. this, This is ( )6. A: Whats this _ English? B: A pear. A. in B. with C. at D. on ( )7. A: Can you say it _ Chinese? B: Yes, “橙子”。 A. in B. with C. at D. on ( )8. You can do your homework _ a pencil. A. in B. with C. on D. of ( )9. Do you write the letter _ a pen? A. in B. with C. on D. at ( )10. A: Where is the cat? B: Its _ the box. A. of B. at C. in D. with ( )11. A: Where is the key _ the classroom? B: Its _ your bag. A. to, at B. of, in C. in, at D. to, in ( )12. A: How can we find the key _ the question? B: Lets ask the teacher. A. of B. with C. on D. to ( )13. There is _ “u” and _ “s” in the word “bus”. A. an, a B. a, an. C. a, a D. an, an. ( )14. There is _ “t” and _ “h” in the word “this”A. an, an B. a, an C. an, an D. a, a. ( )15. A: Whats this in English? B: Its _ ruler. A. a B. an C. the D. ( )16. Helen has _ orange and _ pear. A. a, an. B. an, a C. an, an D. a, a. ( )17. This is _ English book and it is _ useful book. A. an, a B. a, an C. an, an D. a, a. ( )18. That is _ clock and there is 60 minutes（分钟） in _ hour. A. an, a B. a, an C. an, an D. a, a. ( )19. A: Whats that _? B: Its a banana. A. in England B. in the UK C. in English D. with English. ( )20. She is from England, she is _. A. an English B. an England C. English D. a English. ( )21. That is an _ jacket, it isnt red. A. green B. brown C. orange D. English 三学习本单元的英语单词后链接中考：选择最佳答案。( )1. The old man often walks _ the morning, but _ a cold morning, he left hometown （离开家乡）and never went home.（再也没回家）。 A. in, on B. on, in C. in, in D. on, on. ( )2. _ night, we children often go to bed early(早点睡觉), but _Saturday night, we may go to bed later（更迟点睡觉）。 A. At, at B. On, at C. In, on D. At, on ( )3. They write their letters _ a pen and they dont write them _ a pencil. A. in, with B. with, in C. in, in D. with, with. ( )4. A: Goodbye, Miss Green. B: Goodbye, Mr Wang. A: _. B: _. A. Good evening, Good evening. B. Good evening, Good night. C. Good night, Good night. D. Good night, Good evening. ( )5. This is _ university and it is _ English university. A. an, a B. an, an C. a, a D. a, an. 四学习本单元的课文并完成下列练习：（一）Good morning, Helen. 早上好，海伦。Good morning常用于早晨或上午（中午十二点之前）向他人问好，是正式问候语，答语也是Good morning。在非正式场合下，如熟人或家人之间，可以省略good，只用morning，答语也用morning。如：(1) A: Good morning. B: _. (2) Mother: _. Father: Morning. 熟人之间问候可以加上称呼，这时称呼须放在Good morning之后，并用逗号隔开，如：A: Good morning, Miss Gao. B: _, Mr Lee. 在下午向他人问好要用Good afternoon, 答语也用Good afternoon. 晚上向他人问好用Good evening, 答语也用Good evening。当别人对你说 P3以上三个问好时，你一定要给予回答，否则不礼貌。如：(1) A: Good afternoon. B: _. (2) A: Good evening. B: _. (3) A: Good morning. B: _. （二）Hello! Hi! 喂！（你好！） 喂！（你好！）。hello, hi表示“喂，你好”，是朋友、熟人之间非正式的问候。Hello, hi也可用于与他人打招呼或引起对方的注意，这时既可用于熟人、朋友之间，也可用于陌生人之间，可单独使用，也可加称呼。如：(1) -Hello! Meimei. -Hi, Jim. (2) Hello! Can I speak to Tom? 在跟老师、上级、年长者或有身份、地位的人打招呼时，一般不用hello或hi，以免对其不尊重。（三）How are you? Im fine, and you? Im fine, too. Thanks.你好吗？我很好，你呢？我也好，谢谢。 1How are you? 你好吗？是用于询问他人身体状况，答语可用Im fine (Im OK, Im very well, Fine), thanks. 出于礼貌，也可用And you? 回问对方，答语用Im fine, too. 如：A: How are you? B: Im fine, thanks. _? A: _, thank you. 而How do you do?（你好）是初次见面时的问候语，其答语也用How do you do? 如：Helen: Mum, this is my teacher, Miss Gao. Miss Gao, this is my mother. Mum: _? Miss Gao: _?2Fine是形容词，表示“好的”，常用来指身体状况或天气状况好。Well也可表示身体状况好，所以Im fine.= Im very well. 3Thanks = Thank you. 当他人给予我们帮助、表示关心或善待我们时，应用Thank you或Thanks来回答，表示感谢；当对方称赞、夸奖我们时，我们也要用Thank you或Thanks来作答。如：A: Your English is very good. B: _. （四）Whats this in English? Its an organe. 用英语说这个是什么？ 是一个橙子。这个句型用于询问某物品用英语怎么说，询问相对近处的物品用this, 询问相对较远的物品用that,它们的回答用Its + 物品，如：A: _? B: Its a pen. 要注意：Whats this(that) in English? 的回答要用Its a (an) + 物品，不可用This is或Thats 。它们的回答也可用 A (An) +物品，如：Whats that ? A book. （五）Spell it, please. M-A-P，map. 请拼写它。 M-A-P，map. 1当我们不知道某个英语单词如何书写，请求对方拼写它时就可用Spell it, please. 回答它时就直接拼写该单词即可，在拼写时每个字母都要大写，并且用连字符-连接，如：A: Whats this? B: A ruler. A: Spell it, please. B: R-U-L-E-R, ruler. 英语中，与“Spell it, please”类似的句型还有：(1) How do you spell it?你如何来拼写它？ (2) Can you spell it, please? 请问你会拼写它吗？ 对于这两个句型的回答有点不同，如：(1) A: How do you spell it? B: B-O-O-K, book. (2) A: Can you spell it, please? B: Yes, B-O-O-K, book. 2Please 表示“请”，是感叹词，用于祈使句中表示有礼貌的请求。Please可位于句尾，用逗号隔开，也可位于句首，如： Please spell it.= Spell it, please. 练习三：选择最佳答案或完成句型转换，一空一词。( )1. A: Good morning. B: _. A. Good evening. B. Morning C. Good afternoon. D. Goodbye. ( )2. A. Good afternoon. B: _. A. Good morning B. Good afternoon C. Good evening D. Good night. ( )3. A. Good night. B: _. A. Good morning B. Good evening C. Good afternoon D. Good night. ( )4. A: _!Tom. B: Hello! Kate. A. Hello B. Good morning C. Good afternoon. D. How do you do? ( )5. 当你和你的老师相遇时，你可用_向他问好。A. Hello B. Hi C. Good night D. Good morning ( )6. A: _, can I speak to Helen? B: Sorry, she isnt in. A. Good morning B. How do you do? C. Hello D. Sorry ( )7. A: _, Miss Gao. B: _, Helen, lets go to school. A. Hello; Hello. B. Good morning; Good morning. C. Good evening; Good evening. ( )8. A: _? B: Im fine, thank you. P4. A. How are you B. How do you do C. How do you spell it D. Whats this in English ( )9. A: How are you? B: _, thanks. A. Im good B. Im very well C. Im fine D. Im OK E. B, C and D. ( )10. A: How are you? B: Fine, and you? A: _. A. Im fine, too. B. OK C. Thanks D. ( )11. A: Your clothes are very good. B: _. A. You dont say so. B. No, it isnt. C. Yes, it is. D. Thank you. ( )12. A: Is it your picture? Its very nice. B: _. A: Yes, it is. Thanks. B. No, it isnt. Thanks. C. Yes, it is. You dont say so. D. Sorry, I dont know. ( )13. A: Whats _ in English? B: _ a book. A. this; This is. B. this; Its C. that; It D. that; Thats ( )14. A: Whats _ over there in English? B: _ a car. A. that, Thats B. this, Its C. that; Its D. this; It. ( )15. A: _ that in English? B: Its _ English book. A. What; an B: Whats, a C. What; a D. Whats; an ( )16. A: Spell it, please. B: _. A. Its a pen. B. P-E-N, pen. C. Yes, P-E-N, pen. D. p-e-n, pen. ( )17. A: _? B: Yes, R-U-L-E-R, ruler. A. How do you spell it B. Can you spell it C. Spell it, please. D. Whats that in English. ( )18. A: _? B: B-U-S, bus. A. How do you spell it B. Can you spell it C. Spell it, please D. Whats this in English. ( )19. A: What is that? B: _. A. Its pen. B. This is pen. C. Its a pen D. Thats a pen. ( )20. A: Whats this _? B: Its a hat. A. in the English B. in English C. for English D. at English ( )21. A: What _ your name? B: I _ Tom. A. am; am B. am; is C. is; is D. is; am. ( )22. A: Your bag is very nice. B: _. A. Fine, thanks. B. Thank you C. Thanks you D. Yes. 五第一单元听力指导及测试：（一）听力指导：1、听力重点：见面相互问候是日常生活中注意的行为举止，世界各地风俗习惯虽然不同，但在见面时问候这一点上是相同的，当你遇见熟人时，一定要主动跟对方打招呼，即使不是很熟，也要点头微笑一下，表示友好。2、听力技巧：问与答是听力训练中一种重要的形式，一般听力材料出现的是提问，要求选择正确的回答；也有时在听力材料中出现的是答语，要求选择正确的提问，英语中有多种疑问句，由于它们的结构、功能不同，要求回答的方式也不同。回答一般疑问句要注意保持与问句的人称、时态以及助动词的一致。回答特殊疑问句的关键是要抓住疑问词，根据疑问词来确定回答的内容。（二）听力测试：（见听力材料）六第一单元完形填空指导及测试：(一)完形填空题解题技巧：1、阅读全文，弄清大意：首先用较快的速度把整篇文章通读一遍，掌握文章的大意，了解文章的主旨及事实细节，即文章所叙述的人物、时间、地点、事件等，为正确选择答案奠定基础。考生千万不能一拿到题目就边读边填，那样很可能欲速则不达。2、边读边填：在阅读全文的基础上，根据自己所学知识，从语法、习惯用法等方面入手，先提出一个设想答案，再对照四个选项，若其中一个与你想的相仿，则该答案正确性较大，但还要对其他三个选项进行分析，以确认它们不正确。值得注意的是考生在阅读时要明确文章的中心思想，每个空格的含义要与前后的句子联系起来理解，很可能文章的头几个空格要到读完文章的尾段才能判定其正确答案。3、推理判断，解决疑难：在选择过程中，可以利用辨异法、语法判断法、推理法、排除法等方法进行判断，还可以利用语感来判断。4、复核全文，验证答案，消除疏漏。考生做完题目后，再次通读全文，这时可把所选的词放进空格处，检查文章是否连贯一致，全文内容与结构是否完整，逻辑关系是否合理。若某些地方意思含混或矛盾，就应该根据文章的中心思想统率全文，重新考虑答案。 P5. 总之，考生应在平时多进行阅读训练，并辅以单项选择和书面表达训练，这样对于掌握正确的语法和培养敏锐的语感有极大的帮助，同时也能提高完形填空的解题能力。（二）试题测试：阅读下列短文，选择正确答案填空。_1 morning, everyone, _2 Grace. Look! This is a _3. Its a nice quilt. What_4 is it? _5 yellow and white. And _6 this in English? Its _7. Its _8 jacket. Thats a ruler. _9 ruler is _10. ( )1. A. Good B. Well C. Hello ( )2. A. Its B. Im C. Hi. ( )3. A. map B. pen C. quilt ( )4. A. color B. this C. quilt ( )5. A. Its B. Is C. Its ( )6. A. how B. whats C. what ( )7. A. a jacket B. jacket C. an jacket ( )8. A. orange B. a orange C. an orange ( )9. A. An B. The C. A ( )10. A. an blue B. blue C. a blue 七第一单元阅读理解指导及测试：（一）阅读理解解题技巧：1、通篇阅读，了解事实，掌握大意：先把短文从头到尾阅读一遍，找出文中表达中心意思的主题段和主题句，以明确短文所叙述的内容概况，把握全文脉络和中心思想。2、弄清考点，逐句细读，判断选择：在正确理解短文内容的基础上，认真细读短文捕捞题目内容和要求，结合选择项弄清考查要点，然后带着题中的问题再参照原文相关的段落，逐句细读，认真推敲，最后着手进行判断选择，采用排除法找出正确答案。3、复读全文，抓住要点，验证答案：在完成全部选择题后要复读短文核对答案，重点抓住所确定的选项内容，在理解字面意思的基础上由表及里地进一步深入分析推理，看是否与文章深层含义相符，凡有怀疑的地方应重新分析、判断。在做阅读理解选择题时应注意如下几点：（1）试题各小题所提供的四个备选项，有的是语法、结构上有错误，有的是与短文意思不相符。解题时要把有结构、语法错误